• International Journal of Contents
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

This study explores the important causal relationship between the public (domestic) and trade (international) disputes of South Korea and China. To understand the relations between the domestic and international disputes, Putnam's study of the two-level game theory has been conducted in order to analyze the effect of complicated social and political frameworks on international trade disputes. Due to the social and political differences between South Korea and China, this study provides three findings based on negotiation, policy, and strategic approaches.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1994

Deep reasoning procedures are model-based, inferring single or multiple causes and/or timing relations from the knowledge of behavior of component models and their causal structure. The overall goal of this paper is to develop an automated deep reasoning methodology that exploits deep knowledge of structure and behavior of a system. We have proceeded by building a software environment that uses such knowledge to reason from advanced symbolic simulation techniques introduced by Chi and Zeigler. Such reasoning system has been implemented and tested on several examples in the domain of performance evaluation, and event-based control.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.561-573
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• 2020

Unsteady self-excited forces are commonly represented by parametric models such as rational functions. However, this requires complex multiparametric nonlinear fitting, which can be a challenging task that requires know-how. This paper explores the alternative nonparametric modeling of unsteady self-excited forces based on relations between flutter derivatives. By exploiting the properties of the transfer function of linear causal systems, we show that damping and stiffness aerodynamic derivatives are related by the Hilbert transform. This property is utilized to develop exact simplified expressions, where it is only necessary to consider the frequency dependency of either the aeroelastic damping or stiffness terms but not both simultaneously. This approach is useful if the experimental data on aerodynamic derivatives that are related to the damping are deemed more accurate than the data that are related to the stiffness or vice versa. The proposed numerical models are evaluated with numerical examples and with data from wind tunnel experiments. The presented method can evaluate any continuous fitted table of interpolation functions of various types, which are independently fitted to aeroelastic damping and stiffness terms. The results demonstrate that the proposed methodology performs well. The relations between the flutter derivatives can be used to enhance the understanding of experimental modeling of aerodynamic self-excited forces for bridge decks.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.227-243
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze a causal relations of children's learned helplessness, stress, perception of self-competence and mother's childrearing attitudes. The subjects were 370 of 4th and 6th grade in elementary school and the second grade in junior high school in Busan and their's mothers. The instruments used for this study were learned helplessness scale, stress scale, self-perception profile for children, and childrearing attitude scale. The data was analyzed with pearson's correlation, multiple regression and path analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows : 1. Children's global self-worth, social self, age and mother's controlling childrearing attitudes predicted children's stress. 21% of the variance of children's stress was explained by these variables. 2. Children's stress, global self-worth, academic and social self predicted children's learned helplessness. 54% of the variance of children's learned helplessness was explained by these variables. 3. 1) Global self-worth was the first contribution and had a indirect effect through stress as well as a direct effect on children's learned helplessness. 2) Children's stress and academic self had direct effect on children's learned helplessness. 3) Children's social self had a indirect effect through stress as well as a direct effect on children's learned helplessness. 4) Mother's affectionate childrearing attitudes had indirect effect through academic, and social self and global self-worth on children's learned helplessness. Mother's controlling childrearing attitudes had indirect effect through stress on children's learned helplessness. Children's age had a indirect effect through global self-worth and stress and children's sex had a indirect effect through social self on children's learned helplessness.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2017

이 연구는 이야기의 이용과 사회관계 이해능력 사이의 관계를 탐구하기 위해, 소설과 영화의 단기적인 이용이 타인초점 주의에 미치는 영향을 분석했다. 이를 위해 참가자 74명을 2개의 처치집단(소설, 영화)과 대조집단(설명문) 등 3개 집단에 무작위로 배치해 약 30분 정도 자극물에 노출한 뒤, 세 집단의 주의초점(자신 대 타인)의 방향을 비교했다. 내용에 대한 영향을 배제하기 위해 설명문은 소설의 줄거리가 요약된 평론을 이용했다. 분석결과 이야기에 접한 처치집단(소설과 영화)은 대조집단(설명문)에 비해 유의미하게 주의 초점 방향을 타인에 향하는 경향이 높았다. 이야기의 이용과 사회관계 이해능력 사이에 인과적 관계에 대해서는 불분명했었는데, 이 연구는 이야기를 30분 정도의 짧은 시간을 통해 타인초점의 주의방향이 형성된다는 것을 보임으로써 이야기를 통한 사회관계의 체험이 사회인지 능력을 향상시킨다는 이야기의 모의실행론에 대한 경험적 근거를 제시했다는데 의미가 있다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2018

한국은 그동안 분단국가라는 특수성으로 인해 안보 확보를 이유로 지도데이터의 국외개방을 제한하여 왔다. 그러나 공간정보 국외개방과 관련된 국내외 환경과 ICT 산업 생태계가 급격하게 변화하고 있으므로 계속해서 개방을 제한하는 데는 한계가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 시스템 사고를 활용하여 공간정보 국외개방과 관련된 변수들이 시간의 흐름에 따라 어떻게 변화하고 상호작용하는지 인과관계를 분석하였다. 먼저 국가안보, 지도기반 융 복합서비스, 기업간 경쟁 측면으로 구분하여 부문별 인과지도를 작성하였다. 이를 통합한 전체 인과지도를 바탕으로 정책개입 지점과 지배적 피드백루프를 파악하였다. 분석결과에 의하면, 국내 공간정보사업자의 자생력 확보가 전체 인과지도의 정책지렛대로 작용하며, 지배적 피드백루프를 악순환고리에서 선순환고리로 전환시키는 변수는 '지도데이터의 국외개방 결정'인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 주요 변수간의 상호작용 관계를 인과지도로 작성하여 적은 투입으로 큰 효과를 볼 수 있는 정책 개입지점인 정책지렛대를 찾아내고, 장기적으로 어떠한 인과구조가 시스템을 지배하게 될 것인지 지배적 피드백루프를 파악하고 분석하였다는데 의의가 있다. 이러한 연구결과는 추후 구글 또는 여타 글로벌 기업이 공간정보 국외반출을 요청할 경우에 지도데이터의 국외반출이 국가 안보와 공간정보 산업 분야에 미치는 영향과 상호작용을 논의하는데 활용될 수 있다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to identify the risk factors influencing drinking permissiveness in university students. Method: The participants in this descriptive survey on causal relations were 219 students enrolled in university who were selected by convenience sampling. The data collected from April to July, 2005 were used in multiple regression analysis to build a prediction model. Results: Differences in drinking permissiveness according to general characteristics were as follows: gender, drinking frequency, drinking in more than one place each time and frequency of excessive drinking. The relationship between drinking permissiveness and amount of alcohol consumption (drinking frequency/month, amount/each time) showed positive correlations. The relationship between drinking permissiveness and motives to drink (social, enhancement, confirmity, coping motives) also showed positive correlations. The causal factors of drinking permissiveness were social motives, capacity/each time and drinking frequency/month. Conclusion: The findings suggest that board intervention programs should be provided to prevent problems of excessive drinking. It is also recommended that a program be developed that can help control the variables identified in this study along with follow up study to verify the model.

• 복식
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.46-60
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• 2013

With a goal of establishing a marketing strategy which allows businesses to hold a dominant position in beauty service industry, this study has attempted to investigate causal relations among behavioral intentions by customer satisfaction once service recovery strategy is recovered depending on customers' emotional responses against service failure. In order to provide relevant data to make correct decisions during management and marketing planning so that better customer satisfaction can be achieved in the beauty service industry, the results of the previous studies on service failure and recovery strategy in the beauty service industry have been examined. Then after selecting i) the efforts to recover service failure, ii) satisfaction after recovery and iii) behavioral intention after satisfaction as causal variables, the relation among these variables were verified using a structural equation model. As a result, an appropriate recovery strategy which is developed after service failure makes customers have positive behavioral intentions when customer satisfaction is achieved just as described in previous studies. Furthermore, it is a critical fact which helps businesses keep their customers in a mature market, where it is hard to attract new customers and create long-term profit. This study empirically supports information on how service failure and related variables occur in the beauty service industry. It is significant in that it has helped beauty service providers build service recovery-related strategies.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.29-41
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to study the causal model among mother related variables, child abuse, and children's emotional maladjustment behaviors. The sample subjects were 542 pairs of fifth and sixth grade elementary school students and first as well as eighth grade middle school students, and their mothers. The major findings of the research are as follows: First, the result of multiple regression analysis on the effects of the maternal parenting stress and marital satisfaction to the children's abuse indicates that stress related to learning expectation and stress related to relationship with child are the significant contributing factor to physical abuse and verbal abuse. Second, the result of multiple regression analysis on the effects of the maternal parenting stress and child abuse to the children's emotional maladjustment behaviors indicate that verbal abuse is the significant contributing factor. Third, looking at causal relations of the maternal variables (maternal parenting stress, marital satisfaction) and child abuse (physical abuse, verbal abuse, neglect) to the children's emotional maladjustment behaviors, maternal variables impact indirectly through the child abuse factor.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify the risk factors influencing turnover intention of nurses. Method: The participants in this descriptive survey on causal relations were 756 nurses who were working at a tertiary university hospital in Seoul. The data were put in to multiple regression analysis to build a prediction model. Results: Turnover intention according to general features were shown as following.: Age, Clinical careers, Educational level, Marital status, Economic status(Yearly income). The relationship between turnover intention and job stress had positive correlation. But the relationship between turnover and other factors that job satisfaction, internal marketing, and organizational commitment had negative correlation. The causal factors of turnover intention were organizational commitment, the factors of organizational support and patient/caregiver relationships among subcategories of job stress and the factor of professional position among subcategories of job satisfaction. Conclusions: The findings of study suggest that board intervention program should be provided to prevent problems of turnover. It is also recommended that a program be developed that can help control the variables identified in this study along with follow up study to verify the model.