• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.730-737
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• 1999

A national animal health monitoring system(NAHMS) in Gyeongnam area was started from 1997 to develop statistically valid data for use in estimating disease frequencies in dairy cattle, and the associated costs. The objectives of this study were to : (1) discribe what was done to implement and maintain the system in Gyeongnam ; (2) present selected disease frequencies ; (3) discuss the epidemiological consideration of what was done and implications for the results obtained. Veterinary Medical Officers(VMOs-professors and graduate students from Gyeongsang National University, Faculty of Gyeongnam Livestock Promotion Institute, and Clinic veterinarians) served as data collectors. After training on current disease and management problems of dairy cattle, interview techniques, sampling methods, and data collection instruments, the VMOs participated in selection of the sample herds and data gathering. Forty of 167 dairy herds were selected randomly and the VMOs visited farms once a month for 12 months to collect data about management, disease, inventory, production, preventive treatment, financial and any other relevant data. Strict data quality control devices were used. Specific feed-back was developed for the producers and data collectors. Of the three age groups studied, cows had the greatest number of disease problems. The six disorders found most frequently were (from the highest to the lowest) breeding problems, clinical mastitis, birth problems, gastrointestinal problems. metabolic problems, and lameness. In young stock, respiratory, multiple system, breeding problems, and gastrointestinal problems were pre dominant, whereas in calves, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and integumental problems were major.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2014

It is very important, if necessary, to remotely monitor and control the body conditions and behavior of livestock as well as the environment of stall using ubiquitous ict, in order to improve the health and productivity of livestock. With the aim of developing a stall management system, this study investigated users' needs, analyzed them to design systems, developed a web-system and an app for stall management, then applied them to a test-bed. The use of the app developed will make it easy for livestock farmers to easily monitor and control environment of stall using their smartphones and allow them to take care of stall more efficiently.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.217-224
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• 2016

As livestock diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease are highly infectious and likely to inflict nationwide damage, it is important to detect such diseases in advance. Infection of foot-and-mouth disease is determined in the field through examination of external symptoms such as rise in body temperature. However, as the disease is carried around initially by travelling veterinarians in some cases, it is critical to measure the body temperature of livestock to detect abnormal temperature pattern early on and transmit temperature reading data remotely to a veterinarian remotely to expedite decision. In this study, we have developed a telemedicine system designed to connect veterinarians and livestock farmers and measure the body temperature of Korean beef cattle with IR sensor module linked to ubiquitous ICT platform as a solution for controlling health conditions of Korean beef cattle and improving the efficiency of livestock farming operations at individual farm, regional, and national level by converging ubiquitous ICT platform and livestock farming practices. Successfully employing the state-of-the-art IT technologies of Korea, the system proposed herein is expected to make Korea's livestock farming industry more sustainable and help the nation to secure technological preeminence in the global livestock products market.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.347-349
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• 2010

The present study was performed to investigate the infection status of intestinal parasites in pigs and beef cattle in rural areas of Chungcheongnam-do, Korea. From November 2009 to April 2010, a total of 241 fecal samples of pigs and beef cattle (136 and 105, respectively) were examined by direct smear and centrifugal sedimentation methods. The overall positive rates of intestinal parasites among pigs and beef cattle were 73.5% and 4.8%, respectively, and the double-infection rate was 10.3% in pigs. Of 136 specimens from pigs, Balantidium coli, Ascaris suum, and Entamoeba spp. infections were found in 88 (64.7%), 24 (17.6%), and 5 cases (3.7%), respectively. Of 105 beef cattle, Entamoeba spp. infections were detected in 5 cases (4.8%). From these results, it is shown that pigs raised on rural farms in Chungcheongnam-do had a high B. coli infection rate and a moderate A. suum infection rate. These results demonstrate that environmentally resistant cysts or eggs could be widespread on the farms examined, and thus an effective hygienic management system is needed to prevent them from serving as the source of infection for human beings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.439-446
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• 2014

Many studies on methane ($CH_4$) and nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emissions from livestock industries have revealed that livestock production directly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through enteric fermentation and manure management, which causes negative impacts on animal environment sustainability. In the present study, three essential values for GHG emission were measured; i.e., i) maximum $CH_4$ producing capacity at mesophilic temperature ($37^{\circ}C$) from anaerobically stored manure in livestock category ($B_{0,KM}$, Korean livestock manure for $B_0$), ii) $EF_{3(s)}$ value representing an emission factor for direct $N_2O$ emissions from manure management system S in the country, kg $N_2O-N$ kg $N^{-1}$, at mesophilic ($37^{\circ}C$) and thermophilic ($55^{\circ}C$) temperatures, and iii) $N_{ex(T)}$ emissions showing annual N excretion for livestock category T, kg N $animal^{-1}$ $yr^{-1}$, from different livestock manure. Static incubation with and without aeration was performed to obtain the $N_2O$ and $CH_4$ emissions from each sample, respectively. Chemical compositions of pre- and post- incubated manure were analyzed. Contents of total solids (% TS) and volatile solid (% VS), and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen (C/N) decrease significantly in all the samples by C-containing biogas generation, whereas moisture content (%) and pH increased after incubation. A big difference of total nitrogen content was not observed in pre- and post-incubation during $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emissions. $CH_4$ emissions (g $CH_4$ kg VS-1) from all the three manures (sows, layers and Korean cattle) were different and high C/N ratio resulted in high $CH_4$ emission. Similarly, $N_2O$ emission was found to be affected by % VS, pH, and temperature. The $B_{0,KM}$ values for sows, layers, and Korean cattle obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ are 0.0579, 0.0006, and 0.0828 $m^3$ $CH_4$ kg $VS^{-1}$, respectively, which are much less than the default values in IPCC guideline (GL) except the value from Korean cattle. For sows and Korean cattle, $N_{ex(T)}$ values of 7.67 and 28.19 kg N $yr^{-1}$, respectively, are 2.5 fold less than those values in IPCC GL as well. However, $N_{ex(T)}$ value of layers 0.63 kg N $yr^{-1}$ is very similar to the default value of 0.6 kg N $yr^{-1}$ in IPCC GLs for National greenhouse gas inventories for countries such as South Korea/Asia. The $EF_{3(s)}$ value obtained at $37^{\circ}C$ and $55^{\circ}C$ were found to be far less than the default value.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.192-197
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the grazing performance of dairy cattle for winter rye, sorghum-sudangrass hybrid and oat including of rape in Hwa seong-gun, Kyeonggido, from 1993 to 1994. Each crops were utilized from the stage of 8-leaves to late blooming for sorghum-sudangrass, and from final leaves to soft dough for winter rye and oat plant. Under three different cropping system of winter rye-sorghum x sudangrass, spring oat-sorghum X sudangrass-autumn oat, and silage corn-autumn oat, a succeshl hehage production was available for grazing performance from April 26 to December 15, continuously. Annual dry matter yields for grazing allowance were 26.1 tontha in average of all cropping system. Autumn oat rnixtured with rape showed the highest herbage utilization with 91.6% grazing intensity and the lowest in sorghum-sudangrass with a value of 60.6- 69.1 %. Labor investment for herbage production were 805 hour in the cutting management and 339 hour per hectar in the grazing utilization.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.479-486
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• 2006

The current study was conducted to examine the effect of feeding and management practices on milk quality and dairy farm productivity in Korea. Fifty dairy farms in Gyunggi (11), Gangwon (22), Chungnam (17) provinces were surveyed to collect data on the herd size, housing style, feeding management, waste disposal, milking practices and milk yield. Milk tank samples from all farms under study were also collected to enumerate its composition and quality parameters. Large dairy herds are equiped with better housing, milking and waste control facilities than medium and small dairy herds. Higher concentrate feeding to lactating cows was noticed in small dairy herds (47.51 %) than in medium (32.59 %) and large dairy herds (31.82 %). The decrease in concentrate feeding to lactating cows with increase in number of cows per farm resulted in a simultaneous increase in the use of imported forages. Bacterial count in milk was affected by housing and milking facilities at dairy farms. Higher bacterial counts (Coliform and E. coli) in milk were observed in cows housed in stanchion than those under free stall with saw dust bedding. The bacterial counts were higher with bucket milking system than with pipe-line and parlour systems. The increase in the number of dairy cows per farm and thus better management and milking facilities resulted in a reduction in somatic cell score. Milk yield (per cow) was higher in herds with less somatic cell score. Average milk protein concentration was between 2.89 to 2.98 % and milk urea nitrogen was between 21.81 to 23.31mg/ml on surveyed dairy farms. This study concluded that large herd size with better dairy cow management facilities is crucial to produce quality milk with better dairy farm income.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.428-438
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• 1999

A study was conducted to estimate cost of major dairy cattle diseases. Forty (n=40) of the 167 dairy herds in Gyeongnam (Chinju) area were stratified and selected randomly for participation in the national animal health monitoring system. Gyeongsnag University veterinarians, Gyeongnam Livestock Promotion Institute veterinarians and clinic veterinarian visited each herd once a month for a total periods of 12 months. At a each visit data on disease, production, management, finance, treatments, preventive activities, animal events, and any other relevant events were collected. Monthly and annual cost estimates of disease treatment were in computed in each herd and stratum(including cost of prevention). Results were expressed as cost per head and given separately for cows, young stock, and calves. In cows, the most expensive seven diseases entities (from the most to the least) were : (1) clinical mastitis; (2) breeding problems; (3)gastrointestinal problems; (4) multiple system problem; (5) birth problems; (6) metabolic/nutritional disease; (7) lameness. In young stock, the most costly disease were the multiple system problems, breeding problems, respiratory disease, gastrointestinal disease, and lameness. In calves, the most costly disease problems were gastrointestinal problems, respiratory disease, integumental, multiple system problems, and metabolic/nutritional problems.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.100-111
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• 1983

The research results reported herein had the objectives to understand and analyze the present problems of saemaeul woodland joint cattle grazing system in Kang Won Do and to take steps of improvement. The study results on actual management conditions, problems analyzed and improvement plan of total 208 joint cattle grazing area which was established 105 area in 1981 and 103 area in 1982 were summarized as follows: 1. the effectiveness of joint cattle grazing projects 1) Average daily weight gain of cattle during joint cattle grazing period was 0.4kg, showing higher daily than the conventional feeding of 0.33kg. 2) Increase of total farm income over the conventional feeding system were \1,031,357,320 during the grazing period from May to October in 1982 by adapting the 208 joint cattle grazing system, of which effectiveness of weight gain was \293,075,300 and labor saving was \543,838,750. 3) According to the results of questionaire investigation from 208 joint cattle grazing area, effectiveness of joint cattle grazing system over the conventional system were (1) labor saving, (2) feed cost saving, (3) reduced diseases, (4) increase of number of feeding, (5) inspiration of joint endeavor, (6) effect of more gain, (7) easiness of feeding and feed cost savings. 2. Problems of joint cattle grazing system. 1) Shortages of grass were a problem at second year of joint cattle grazing period due to the low regrowth rate of wild grass. 2) Proper land for woodland joint cattle grazing is belonging to land of Government ownership and it is very hard to get the permission from office of forestry for cattle grazing purpose. 3) It is also difficult to find a proper time of breeding in grazing area by the difficulty of estrus detection. 4) There are a difficulty to give a proper vaccination and medical examination for the grazing cattle. 3. Improvement plans for woodland joint cattle grazing projects. 1) Obtain sufficient roughages by hoof cultivation and oversowing pasture from the second year of joint cattle grazing period. 2) In order to increase the beef production and to use for a calf production area, Government should arrange that all proper grazing land of Government owned in Kang Won Do convert into woodland joint cattle grazing area. 3) Make a good reproductive record by mixed grazing with a excellent breeding cow in a remote area. And carry out the collective artificial insemination with synchronous puberty induced by injection of puberty stimulation hormone. 4) Make a preventive injection for blackleg, twice medication of fasciola hepatica in a year, and spray and medication of tick insecticide. 4. A policy towards upbringing of woodland joint cattle grazing area. 1) Government should thoroughly investigate about a proper land for woodland joint cattle grazing from all forests. 2) When the area is suitable for the woodland joint cattle grazing, though it is national forest or restricted area, government should make it possible to establish a grazing area. 3) On the proper land foe joint cattle grazing in the remote place, Government should support for the road construction and electric fence equipments by using of national funds. 4) There should be an administrative consideration for well promotion of the project that make woodland joint cattle grazing suitable to the characteristics of Kang Won Do. 5) In order to improve the reproduction record, Government should reform the insufficiency of artificial insemination in the joint cattle grazing area. 6) In order to maintain a proper price of cow, Government should carry out the price plan. 7) When there is any request for grassland formation in the woodland joint cattle grazing area, Government should permit it with preference.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2012

This paper describes the epidemiological characteristics of bovine brucellosis in Korea during January 2000~September 2004, which encompasses the period when the incidence of bovine brucellosis increased abruptly. Data from the National Animal Infectious Disease Data Management System were used for this study. A range of epidemiological measures was calculated including annual herd and animal incidence. During the study period, there were 1,183 outbreaks on 638 farms. In beef cattle, annual herd incidence increased from 0.2 (2000) to 11.5 (2004, to September) outbreaks per 10,000 and annual animal incidence varied between 3.4 (2000) and 105.8 (2004, to September) per 100,000, respectively. On 401 (62.9%) infected farms during this period, infection was eradicated without recurrence. Recurrence of infection was significantly higher on farms where abortion was reported (53.3%), compared to farms where it was not (30.0%). On beef cattle farms, infection was introduced most frequently through purchased cattle (46.2%). Based on the results of this study, the establishment and spread of brucellosis in the Korean beef cattle population were mainly due to incomplete or inappropriate treatment of aborted materials and the movement of infected cattle.