• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.128-131
• /
• 2010

납축전지 전류 집전체로서의 가능성을 보기위해 납 도금된 그라파이트 시트를 적용하여 평가하였다. 전기화학적 특성을 평가하기 위해 순환 전압전류법을 실시하였다. 납 도금된 그라파이트 시트는 납축전지의 음극으로 운용되는 전압범위에서 전기화학적으로 안정하였으나, 양극으로 운용되는 전압범위에서는 산소발생과 황산의 인터칼레이션으로 인해 전기화학적으로 불안정하였다. 납 도금된 그라파이트와 주조된 납 기판을 음극 전류집전체로 사용하여 전지를 제작하고, 방전 성능을 평가하였다. 납 도금된 그라파이트 시트를 적용한 납축전지가 금속 납 전류 집전체를 적용한 전지보다 더 높은 용량을 나타내었고, 에너지밀도 또한 더 높았다.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.82-88
• /
• 2008

The diesel engine of the merchant ship has been aperated in severe environments more and more, because the temperature of the exhaust gas of a combustion chamber is getting higher and higher with increasing use of heavy oil of law quality, due to the significant increase in the price of oil in recent some years. As a result, the degree of wear and corrosion between exhaust valve and seat ring is more serious compared to other engine parts. Thus the repair welding of exhaust valve and seat ring is a unique method to prolong the life of the exhaust valve, from an economical point of view. In this study, the corrosion property of both weld metal and base metal was investigated using electrochemical methods such as measurement of corrosion potential, cathodic and anodic polarization curves, cyclic voltammogram, and polarization resistance in 5% H2SO4 solution. The test specimen was a part of an exhaust valve stem being welded as the base metal, using various welding methods. In all cases, the corrosion resistance as well as hardness of the weld metal zone was superior to the base metal. In particular, plasma welding showed relatively good properties for both corrosion resistance and hardness, compared to other welding methods. In the case of DC SMAW (Shielded metal arc welding), corrosion resistance of the weld metal zone was better than that of the base metal, although its hardness was almost same as the base metal.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.291-294
• /
• 2006

Corrosion is never avoided in the use rf materials with various environments. The underwater hull is normally protected against rusting by several coatings of anti-corrosive paint. The purpose of ICCP(Impressed Current Cathodic Protection) system is to eliminate the rusting or corrosion, which occurs on metal immersed in seawater. This thesis is about the ICCP control and monitoring system, which brings protection against the corrosion of the ship's hull in the sea environments. The test system for ICCP is composed of a power supply, anode, reference electrode and controller. The test system is composed power supply, anode, ref electrode, shunt and etc. The protection current is sent to the protection area though anode. Reference electrode senses whether or not the detected potential is within a range of protection of test equipment and then it is automatically controlled to increase or decrease the amount of protective current to be sent to the anode by controller. The monitoring system with LabView is also detected in order to check the normal state of the system at operation period, because an operator does not always watch over this system and thus the system cannot operate well because rf his or her negligent management. This paper was studied the variation of potential and current density with environment factors, velocity and time, and the experimental results will be explained Also, It is suggested that this system can accommodate a ship's automation for SCMS(Ship Control and Management System) and will be very useful.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.974-980
• /
• 2015

해양환경 하에서 강재에 대한 방식 목적으로 Al-3%Mg 용사선재를 이용하여 아크 용사코팅을 실시하였다. 그리고 Al-3%Mg 용사코팅 층의 내식성을 개선하기 위하여 유/무기 복합 세라믹 후처리를 실시하였다. 후처리 적용에 따른 용사코팅 층의 다양한 전기화학적 실험 결과, 양극분극과 음극분극 실험 시 모든 전위구간에서 후처리 적용 시 전류밀도가 작게 나타나 내식성 개선이 확인되었다. 그리고 후처리된 용사코팅 층의 표면에서 관찰된 마이크로 크랙의 영향으로 자연전위 계측 시 심한 전위변동이 나타났으며, 양극분극 실험 시에는 후처리 층의 탈리손상이 용이하게 발생하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 타펠분석을 기반으로 외부 환경차단 효과를 나타내는 코팅 효율이 92.11%로 산출되어 Al-3%Mg 용사코팅 층의 내식성이 향상되었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.10-19
• /
• 2007

폐리튬이온전지의 리싸이클링을 위하여 폐전지의 기계적 처리에 의한 Co의 농축과 습식처리에 의한 Co의 회수기술이 개발되었다. 전 연구에서는 폐전지 리싸이클링의 부가가치를 향상시키기 위하여 Co 농축 침출액으로부터 양극활물질을 재합성하는 공정으로 citrate precursor combustion법을 제안하고 가능성을 확인하였다. 기존의 전극제조 공정에서는 활물질인 $LiCoO_2$와 첨가제인 탄소의 비중 및 크기 차이로 균일한 혼합이 이루어지지 않으므로 충방전 용량이 이론용량에 비하여 매우 낮고 또한 싸이클이 반복될수록 용량이 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 본 연구에서는 합성된 $LiCoO_2$ 전극특성을 향상시키는 일환으로 합성공정의 개선을 통하여 초미립 $LiCoO_2$을 합성하였으며, 탄소 첨가시 혼합법의 개선에 의하여 우수한 충방전 특성을 갖는 리튬전지용 양극을 개발하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제25권12호
• /
• pp.1822-1828
• /
• 2004

Electrochemical, in situ electrochemical scanning tunneling microscope (EC-STM), and attenuated total reflectance-FTIR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic methods were employed to investigate the preparation of atomically flat Si(111)-H surface in ammonium fluoride solutions. Electrochemical properties of atomically flat Si(111)-H surface were characterized by anodic oxidation and cathodic hydrogen evolution with the open circuit potential (OCP) of ca. -0.4 V in concentrated ammonium fluoride solutions. As soon as the natural oxide-covered Si(111) electrode was immersed in fluoride solutions, OCP quickly shifted to near -1 V, which was more negative than the flat band potential of silicon surface, indicating that the surface silicon oxide had to be dissolved into the solution. OCP changed to become less negative as the oxide layer was being removed from the silicon surface. In situ EC-STM data showed that the surface was changed from the initial oxidecovered silicon to atomically rough hydrogen-terminated surface and then to atomically flat hydrogenterminated surface as the OCP moved toward less negative potentials. The atomically flat Si(111)-H structure was confirmed by in situ EC-STM and ATR-FTIR data. The dependence of atomically flat Si(111)-H terrace on mis-cut angle was investigated by STM, and the results agreed with those anticipated by calculation. Further, the stability of Si(111)-H was checked by STM in ambient laboratory conditions.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제7권6호
• /
• pp.315-318
• /
• 2008

The atmospheric corrosion performance of Al-alloying, Si-alloying and Al-Si-alloying steel were studied by wet/dry cyclic corrosion tests (CCT) at $30^{\circ}C$ and 60% relative humidity (RH). The corrosion electrolyte used for CCT was 0.052 wt% $NaHSO_{3}$ (pH~4) solution. The result of gravimetry demonstrated that Al-Si-bearing steels showed lower corrosion resistance than other rusted steels. But the rusted 0.7%Si-alloying steel showed a better corrosion resistance than rusted mild steel. Polarization curves demonstrated that Al-/Si-alloying and Al-Si-alloying improved the rest potential of steel at the initial stage; and accelerated the cathodic reduction and anodic dissolution after a rust layer formed on the surfaces of steels. XRD results showed that Al-Si-alloying decreased the volume fraction of $Fe_{3}O_{4}$ and $\alpha-FeOOH$. The recycle of acid accelerated the corrosion of steel at the initial stage. After the rust layer formed on the steel, the leak of rust destabilized the rust layer due to the dissolution of compound containing Al (such as $FeAl_{2}O_{4}$, $(Fe,\;Si)_{2}(Fe,\;Al)O_{4}$). Al-Si-alloying is hence not suitable for improving the anti-corrosion resistance of steel in industrial atmosphere.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 2007

The smaller size and higher integration of advanced electronic package systems result in severe electrochemical reliability issues in microelectronic packaging due to higher electric field under high temperature and humidity conditions. Under these harsh conditions, electronic components respond to applied voltages by electrochemical ionization of metal and the formation of a filament, which leads to short-circuit failure of an electronic component, which is termed electrochemical migration. This work aims to evaluate electrochemical migration susceptibility of the pure Sn, Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloys in $Na_{2}SO_{4}$. The water drop test was performed to understand the failure mechanism in a pad patterned solder alloy. The polarization test and anodic dissolution test were performed, and ionic species and concentration were analyzed. Ag and Cu additions increased the time to failure of Pb-free solder in 0.001 wt% $Na_{2}SO_{4}$ solution at room temperature and the dendrite was mainly composed of Sn regardless of the solders. In the case of SnAg solders, when Ag and Cu added to the solders, Ag and Cu improved the passivation behavior and pitting corrosion resistance and formed inert intermetallic compounds and thus the dissolution of Ag and Cu was suppressed; only Sn was dissolved. If ionic species is mainly Sn ion, dissolution content than cathodic deposition efficiency will affect the composition of the dendrite. Therefore, Ag and Cu additions improve the electrochemical migration resistance of SnAg and SnAgCu solders.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.191-202
• /
• 2010

The porosity (including the specific surface area and pore volume-diameter distribution) of montmorillonitic soft rock (MSR) was studied experimentally with an electrochemical treatment, based on which the change in porosity was further analyzed from the perspective of its electrokinetic potential (${\zeta}$ potential) and the isoelectric point of the electric double layer on the surface of the soft rock particles. The variation between the ${\zeta}$ potential and porosity was summarized, and used to demonstrate that the properties of softening, degradation in water, swelling, and disintegration of MSR can be modified by electrochemical treatment. The following conclusions were drawn. The specific surface area and total pore volume decreased, whereas the average pore diameter increased after electrochemical modification. The reduction in the specific surface area indicates a reduction in the dispersibility and swelling-shrinking of the clay minerals. After modification, the ${\zeta}$ potential of the soft rock was positive in the anodic zone, there was no isoelectric point, and the rock had lost its properties of softening, degradation in water, swelling, and disintegration. The ${\zeta}$ potential increased in the intermediate and cathodic zones, the isoelectric point was reduced or unchanged, and the rock properties are reduced. When the ${\zeta}$ potential is increased, the specific surface area and the total pore volume were reduced according to the negative exponent law, and the average pore diameter increased according to the exponent law.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.227-232
• /
• 2007

The corrosion behavior of carbon steel (N80) in carbon dioxide saturated 1%NaCl solution with and without acetic acid or acetate was investigated by weight-loss test, electrochemical methods (polarization curve, Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The major objective is to make clear that the effect of acetic acid and acetate on the corrosion of carbon steel in $Co_2$ environments. The results indicate that either acetic acid or acetate accelerates cathodic reducing reaction, facilitates dissolution of corrosion products on carbon steel, and so promotes the corrosion rate of carbon steel in carbon dioxide saturated NaCl solution. All Nyquist Plots are consisting of a capacitive loop in high frequency region, an inductive loop in medial frequency region and a capacitive arc in low frequency region. The high frequency capacitive loop, medial frequency inductive loop and low frequency capacitive arc are corresponding to the electron transfer reaction, the formation/adsorption of intermediates and dissolution of corrosion products respectively. All arc of the measured impedance reduced with the increase of the concentration of Ac-, especially HAc. However, the same phenomenon is not notable after reducing pH value by adding HCl. HAc is a stronger proton donor and can be reduced directly by electrochemical reaction firstly. Ac- can't participate in electrochemistry reaction directly, but $Ac^-$ an hydrate easily to create HAc in carbon dioxide saturated environments. HAc is as catalyst in $Co_2$ corrosion. As a result, the corrosion rate was accelerated in the presence of acetate ion even pH value of solution increased.