• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.64-69
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• 2017

Purpose: The goal of nutritional support for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants from birth to term is to match the in utero growth rates; however, this is rarely achieved. Methods: We evaluated postdischarge growth patterns and growth failure in 81 Korean VLBW infants through a retrospective study. Weight and height were measured and calculated based on age percentile distribution every 3 months until age 24 months. Growth failure was defined as weight and height below the 10th percentile at 24 months. For the subgroup analysis, small-for-gestational age (SGA) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants were evaluated. The growth patterns based on the Korean, World Health Organization (WHO), or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) standard were serially compared over time. Results: At postconception age (PCA) 40 weeks, 47 (58%) and 45 infants (55%) showed growth failure in terms of weight and height, respectively. At PCA 24 months, 20 infants (24%) showed growth failure for weight and 14 (18%) for height. Growth failure rates were higher for the SGA infants than for the appropriate-weight-for-gestational age infants at PCA 24 months (P=0.045 for weight and P=0.038 for height). Growth failure rates were higher for the ELBW infants than for the non-ELBW infants at PCA 24 months (P<0.001 for weight and P=0.003 for height). Significant differences were found among the WHO, CDC, and Korean standards (P<0.001). Conclusion: Advancements in neonatal care have improved the catch-up growth of VLBW infants, but this is insufficient. Careful observation and aggressive interventions, especially in SGA and ELBW infants, are needed.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.114-120
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• 2018

Purpose: Routine screening for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (TORCH) in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates has become a common practice. However, the incidence of TORCH varies across countries, and the cost of TORCH testing may be disadvantageous compared to disease-specific screening. To evaluate the efficacy of TORCH screening, the medical charts of IUGR or SGA neonates born in a single institution in Bucheon, Korea from 2011 to 2015 were reviewed. Methods: The clinical data of the 126 IUGR or SGA neonates were gathered, including gestational age, Apgar scores, neonatal sonographic findings, chromosome study, morbidities, developmental follow-up, and growth catch-up. Maternal factors including underlying maternal disease and fetal sonography were collected, and placental findings were recorded when available. TORCH screening was done using serum IgM, CMV urine culture, quantification of CMV DNA with real-time polymerase chain reaction, and rapid plasma reagin qualitative test for syphilis. Tests were repeated only for those with positive results. Results: Of the 119 TORCH screenings, only one was positive for toxoplasmosis IgM. This result was deemed false positive due to negative IgM on repeated testing and the absence of clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Considering the incidence and risk of TORCH in Korea, the financial burden of TORCH screening, and the single positive TORCH finding in our study, we suggest disease-specific screening based on maternal history and the clinical symptoms of the neonate. Regarding CMV, which may present asymptomatically, universal screening may be appropriate upon cost-benefit analysis.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.103-118
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to discuss possibilities of applying growth curve models, such as Logistic, Log-Logistic, Log-Normal, Gompertz and Weibull, to three specific technology areas of Fishery Science and Technology in the process of measuring their technology level between Korea and countries with the state-of-the art level. Technology areas of hazard control of organism, environment restoration, and fish cluster detect were selected for this study. Expert panel survey was conducted to construct relevant panel data for years of 2013, 2016, and a future time of approaching the theoretical maximum technology level. The size of data was 70, 70 and 40 respectively. First finding is that estimation of shape and location parameters of each model was statistically significant, and lack-of-fit test using estimated parameters was statistically rejected for each model, meaning all models were good enough to apply for measuring technology levels. Second, three models other than Pearl and Gompertz seemed very appropriate to apply despite the fact that previous case studies have used only Gompertz and Pearl. This study suggests that Weibull model would be a very valid candidate for the purpose. Third, fish cluster detect technology level is relatively higher for both Korea and a country with the state-of-the-art among three areas as of 2013. However, all three areas seem to be approaching their limits(highest technology level point) until 2020 for countries with the state-of-the-art. This implies that Korea might have to speed up her research activities in order to catch up them prior to 2020. Final suggestion is that future study may better apply various and more appropriate models respectively considering each technology characteristics and other factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.37-53
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• 2013

With rapid growth of the world plant market, an increasing attention is paid on the plant engineering. Up to present time, Korean plant engineering technology has been concerned with the down stream part of the plant engineering, so called EPC, considered as a lower value chain compared with the up stream, composed of FEED(Front End Engineering Design) and PMC(Project Management Consultancy). In other words, a key issue for Korean plant industry is how to catch up the FEED technology, currently occupied by the advanced countries. In this paper, we propose an SE(Systems Engineering) approach, conventionally applied for aerospace and defense industry, to the FEED for plant engineering. Specifically, we proposed a new SE process composed of: 1) SPA matrix for reverse systems engineering, and 2) PPA matrix for forward systems engineering. To illustrate the proposed method, a case study for an environmental plant is performed.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-87
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• 2020

As startup companies are recognized as the important source of job creation and economic growth, the study is trying to find out the current situation of startup companies and their success factors in South Korea. The study analyzes the success factor of Woowa Brothers recognized as a unicorn start-up company in 2018 by using ERIS model and Start-up Developmental Stages. The ERIS model emphasizes Entrepreneurs, Resources, Industry Environment and Strategy for company performance and three developmental stages are divided into initiation, commercial and growth stages. The results indicate that the Woowa Brothers' success factor was to catch the appropriate timing in ERIS and to combine unique methods by differentiating itself from existing competitors at each stage. With analyses of success factor of Woowa Brothers as a case model, the study reveals limitations and recommends the direction of future research for producing more unicorn companies in South Korea.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.186-190
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• 2018

Esophageal atresia (EA) with proximal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF; gross type B) is a rare defect. Although most patients have long-gap EA, there are still no established surgical guidelines. A premature male infant with symmetric intrauterine growth retardation (birth weight, 1,616 g) was born at 35 weeks and 5 days of gestation. The initial diagnosis was pure EA (gross type A) based on failure to pass an orogastric tube and the absence of stomach gas. A "feed and grow" approach was implemented, with gastrostomy performed on postnatal day 2. A fistula was detected during bronchoscopy for recurrent pneumonia; thus, we confirmed type B EA and performed TEF excision and cervical end esophagostomy. As the infant's stomach volume was insufficient for bolus feeding after reaching a body weight of 2.5 kg, continuous tube feeding was provided through a gastrojejunal tube. On the basis of these findings, esophageal reconstruction with gastric pull-up was performed on postnatal day 141 (infant weight, 4.7 kg), and he was discharged 21 days postoperatively. At 12 months after birth, there was no catch-up growth; however, he is currently receiving a baby food diet without any complications. In patients with EA, bronchoscopy is useful for confirming TEF, whereas for those with long-gap EA with a small stomach volume, esophageal reconstruction with gastric pull-up after continuous feeding through a gastrojejunal tube is worth considering.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.252-281
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• 2010

In this paper, we analyze the result of the Technology Level Evaluation of 'Biochip and biosensor (BB) Technology' consisted of 3 sub-categorized technologies; biochip sensing (BS), lab on a chip and high-efficient customized health care technology. As an analysis tool, authors used a delphi (a repeated survey) and dynamic methodology with technology growth model to overcome limits of previous evaluations. As a result, levels of BB were evaluated 51.5% (Korea) and 75.1% (US), and the technology gap between two countries was 6.1 yrs. In 2013, these levels were expected to change to 60.1% (Korea), 78.4% (US) and 4.3 yrs, respectively. In comparison with other biotechnology, the gap of BB was smaller and expected to catch up with US faster. In the case of sub-categorized technologies, they showed the smallest gap and would have faster catch-up speed than other sub-categorized technologies in the Biotechnology field. Based on the result of the survey, relative superiority of BB in Korea was originated from competent researchers and research fund, but weak basic science would be weak points. We think that BB's characteristic as an emerging technology and concentrated research activities on BB are additional strong points. This research proposes the supporting and supplemented points to promote the BB in Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.1067-1071
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• 2007

Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine whether improved survival of extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) was associated with decreased neurodevelopmental disability later in life, and also to identify the factors influencing this disability. Methods : ELBWI admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Samsung Medical Center, survived, and followed up until the corrected age of 18 months were enrolled. They were divided into two groups according to admission time: period I (1994-1999, n=36) and period II (2000-2004, n=98). Clinical data were collected retrospectively from the medical records. Results : Survival rates increased from 60.0% to 74.7%, cerebral palsy rates decreased from 22.2% to 8.2% and catch-up growth rate increased from 25.0% to 51.0% during period I and II. Despite less gestational age and birth weight, ELBWI during period II had less periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia compared to period I. The highest risk factors for cerebral palsy were intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (${\geq}$Grade III), failure of catch-up growth and PVL. Conclusion : In summary, improved viability was associated with decreased neurodevelopmental disability in ELBWI. Improved neonatal care with resultant decrease in PVL and IVH, and better nutritional support seem to be primarily responsible for this improved outcome.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2001

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effective role of living-related liver transplantation (LRLT) on posttransplant linear growth in children. Methods: Thirty six children were enrolled who received LRLT at Asan Medical Center from December, 1994 to February, 1999 and showed more than one-year postoperative survival. Mean height standard deviation score (zH) was analyzed according to medical records including heights during pretransplant and posttransplant follow-up periods. Results: zH of total children showed significant linear growth after LRLT from -1.58 to 0.33 at 24 posttransplant month (p<0.05). zH in children under 6 years of age, to exclude the effect of adolescent linear growth spurt, showed increment in height (p<0.05). Linear growth of children with liver cirrhosis improved and that with fulminant hepatitis was matained same. While stunted children (mean zH=-2.30) achieved good catch-up growth after transplantation, children with normal growth remained same. Children with significant hepatic dysfunction after LRLT such as chronic rejection or posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder showed retarded posttrasplant linear growth. There was no statistical difference according to the type of immunosuppressants. Conclusion: LRLT resulted in adequate or catch-up linear growth in children with acute, chronic and metabolic liver disease. Successful LRLT suggested to be a promising option not only in long term survival but also in normal linear growth.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.207-210
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• 2013

Fifteen dry dentate and complete mandible samples from the White Rasquera goat breed were studied for symmetry. Thirty-one landmarks were digitally located on the images of the lateral and medial aspects of each hemimandible. Distances between these landmarks allowed the evaluation of the whole hemimandible and also the neural mandible. In the studied samples, the mandible was rather symmetrical, especially in the medial neural part, and in general, there was no side dominance. Only the diastema differed significantly between the sides, and this was related to the rostral part (incisive arch). The incisive region was the least symmetrical region of the caprine mandible, indicating a modular structure more conservative for the neural part. If unsigned asymmetry is interpreted as a measure of developmental stability, then the studied breed presented a marked ability to develop in good fitness despite the harsh environment. The measurements presented here can also be used as a reference for researchers designing experimental studies, especially on mandibular catch-up growth, and as an aid for zooarchaeologists comparing results from dead animals with those from living goat populations.