• 제목/요약/키워드: Catalytic Behavior

검색결과 156건 처리시간 0.033초

자기촉매 특성을 이용한 탄소나노튜브의 연소합성 연구 (Combustion synthesis of carbon nanotubes using their self-catalytic behavior)

  • 우상길;홍영택;권오채
    • 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회A
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    • pp.1815-1820
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    • 2008
  • Self-catalytic behavior of combustion-synthesized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is evaluated using a double-faced wall stagnation flow burner with a CNT-deposited stainless steel plate wall. CNT formation is observed using field-emission scanning and transmission electron microscopies and Raman spectroscopy. A self-catalytic behavior of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) shows the enhanced ratio of channel diameter to tube wall thickness and the enhanced intensity ratio of G-band to D-band in Raman spectroscopy, implying that the quality of metal-catalytic, flame-synthesized MWCNTs can be much improved via a CNT self-catalytic flame-synthesis process. Thus, using a DWSF burner through the self-catalytic process has potential in mass production of CNTs having much improved quality.

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비단열 정체면에서 촉매 표면반응의 천이 거동에 대한 이론적 해석 (Theoretical Analysis on Bifurcation Behavior of Catalytic Surface Reaction on Nonadiabatic Stagnation Plane)

  • 이수룡
    • 대한기계학회논문집B
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    • 제28권6호
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    • pp.697-704
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    • 2004
  • Bifurcation behavior of ignition and extinction of catalytic reaction is theoretically investigated in a stagnation-point flow. Considering that reaction takes place only on the catalytic surface, where conductive heat losses are allowed to occur, activation energy asymptotics with a overall one-step Arrhenius-type catalytic reaction is employed. For the cases with and without the limiting reactant consumption, the analysis provides explicit expressions, which indicate the possibility of multiple steady-state solution branches. The difference between the solutions with and without reactant consumption is in the existence of an upper solution branch, and the neglect of reactant consumption is inappropriate for determining extinction conditions. For larger values of reactant consumption, the solution response is all monotone, suggesting that multiple solutions are not possible. It is shown that bifurcation Damkohler numbers increase (decrease) with increasing of conductive heat loss (gain) on the catalytic surface, which means that smaller (larger) values of the strain rate allow the surface reaction to tolerate larger heat losses (gains). Lewis number of the limiting reactant can also significantly affect bifurcation behavior in a similar way to the effect of heat loss.

일체형 촉매변환기의 비정상 거동의 수치해석적 연구 (A Numerical Study of Trasient Behavior In a Monolithic Catalytic Converter)

  • 배상수;강동진;김수연;임명택
    • 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국전산유체공학회 1995년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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    • pp.76-81
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    • 1995
  • A numerical procedure for the analysis of transient behavior in a monolithic catalytic converter is presented. The thermal behavior of a monolithic catalytic converter is fully coupled with mass transfer and exothermic reaction between exhaust gases and the catalytic converter. In the present study, all these processes are solved simultaneously. The heat transfer process is approximated by combinging one dimensional convection and conduction and the chemical reaction is also simply modelled by using the concepts of reaction rate and reaction heat. All the partial diffenrential equations for the heat transfer, mass transfer and chemical reactions are appximated by using finite volume method. Resulting algebraic equations are solved using the Newton's method. To see the workability of present numerical method, two well known problems, say step increase and step decrease in the gas inlet temperature, have been calculated. Comparion of present solutions with previous solutions shows a good agreement.

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Experimental and computational analysis of behavior of three-way catalytic converter under axial and radial flow conditions

  • Taibani, Arif Zakaria;Kalamkar, Vilas
    • International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.134-142
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    • 2012
  • The competition to deliver ultra-low emitting vehicles at a reasonable cost is driving the automotive industry to invest significant manpower and test laboratory resources in the design optimization of increasingly complex exhaust after-treatment systems. Optimization can no longer be based on traditional approaches, which are intensive in hardware use and laboratory testing. The CFD is in high demand for the analysis and design in order to reduce developing cost and time consuming in experiments. This paper describes the development of a comprehensive practical model based on experiments for simulating the performance of automotive three-way catalytic converters, which are employed to reduce engine exhaust emissions. An experiment is conducted to measure species concentrations before and after catalytic converter for different loads on engine. The model simulates the emission system behavior by using an exhaust system heat conservation and catalyst chemical kinetic sub-model. CFD simulation is used to study the performance of automotive catalytic converter. The substrate is modeled as a porous media in FLUENT and the standard k-e model is used for turbulence. The flow pattern is changed from axial to radial by changing the substrate model inside the catalytic converter and the flow distribution and the conversion efficiency of CO, HC and NOx are achieved first, and the predictions are in good agreement with the experimental measurements. It is found that the conversion from axial to radial flow makes the catalytic converter more efficient. These studies help to understand better the performance of the catalytic converter in order to optimize the converter design.

Application of THEMATICS to Non-Catalytic Ligand-Binding Proteins

  • Murga, Leonel F.;Ko, Jaeju;Ondrechen, Mary Jo
    • 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2005년도 BIOINFO 2005
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    • pp.221-227
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    • 2005
  • THEMATICS is a simple computational method for predicting functional sites in proteins. The method computes the theoretical titration curves of the ionizable residues of a protein using its 3D structure, determines the residues with perturbed, non-Henderson-Hasselbalch titration behavior, and identifies clusters of these perturbed residues in physical proximity. We have shown previously that this method is highly successful in predicting catalytic sites in enzymes. In the present study, we apply the method to non-catalytic ligand-binding proteins. It is shown that THEMATICS can predict non-catalytic binding sites. The success rate is better than 80 % for a set of 30 non-catalytic, ligand-binding proteins. The application of the method to Glutamine-binding protein from E. coli is discussed in detail.

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자동차용 촉매장치구조의 설계개선에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Improved Design for Automotive Catalytic Converter)

  • 박영철
    • 한국자동차공학회논문집
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    • 제3권5호
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    • pp.135-142
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    • 1995
  • This paper presents the effect of the component performance for mat supported monolithic cordierite ceramic underflow catalytic converters to meet the new stringent durability requirements of the world's. These objectives are met by a conceptional system approach of mat mounting material with stainless steel can(shall), and heatshield(cover), which are related to the mat erosion, a main failure pattern of the mat supported monolithic ceramic catalytic converters. In this paper we study the individual component behavior of mat erosion problem, After studying, we obtain the characterics of the component performance for automotive catalytic converters and the overall understanding of design considerations in catalytic converters.

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The Influence of Surface Modification of Gold Nanoparticles Supported on TiO2 in the Catalytic Activity of CO Oxidation

  • Park, Da-Hee;Reddy, A.S.;Eah, Sang-Kee;Park, Jeong-Young
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.213-213
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    • 2011
  • Gold catalysts supported on TiO2 have shown a unique catalytic behavior on CO oxidation, depending on surface effects. Particle size has an influence on the surface activity. To make monodisperse Au nanoparticles, organic capping ligands, such as alkylthiols, were used by a "greener" synthesis method [1,2] and Au nanoparticles were deposited on TiO2. However, organic capping ligands must be removed for high catalytic activities by the Au nanoparticles without changing the Au size [3]. We used UV ozone treatment to decompose thiol ligands. The samples have been characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to examine the surface modification by UV ozone treatment. We show the size distribution of the gold nanoparticles by light scattering analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Au/TiO2 have been prepared using the wetness impregnation method. The catalytic performance of CO oxidation over Au supported on TiO2 under oxidizing reaction conditions (40 Torr CO and 100 Torr O2) were tested. The results show that the catalytic activity depends on particle size and the time of UV ozone exposure, which suggests the role of sulfur bonding in determining the catalytic activity of Au/TiO2 catalysts.

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접촉연소식 센서의 열 특성 및 가스반응의 모델링 (Electrical modelling for thermal behavior and gas response of combustible catalytic sensor)

  • 이상문;송갑득;주병수;이윤수;이덕동
    • 센서학회지
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    • 제15권1호
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    • pp.34-39
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    • 2006
  • This study provides the electrical model of combustible catalytic gas sensor. Physical characteristics such as thermal behavior, resistance change were included in this model. The finite element method analysis for sensor device structure showed that the thermal behavior of sensor is expressed in a simple electrical equivalent circuit that consists of a resistor, a capacitor and a current source. This thermal equivalent circuit interfaces with real electrical circuit using two parts. One is 'power to heat' converter. The other is temperature dependent variable resistor. These parts realized with the analog behavior devices of the SPICE library. The gas response tendency was represented from the mass transferring limitation theory and the combustion theory. In this model, Gas concentration that is expressed in voltage at the model, is converted to heat and is flowed to the thermal equivalent circuit. This model is tested in several circuit simulations. The resistance change of device, the delay time due to thermal capacity, the gas responses output voltage that are calculated from SPICE simulations correspond well to real results from measuring in electrical circuits. Also good simulation result can be produced in the more complicated circuit that includes amplifier, bios circiut, buffer part.

가교 폴리(4-비닐피리딘)-구리(II) 착물에 의한 Ascorbic Acid의 산화반응 2. 가교제의 영향 (Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid by Crosslinked Poly(4-vinyl pyridine)-Cu(II) Complexes 2. Effect of Crosslinker)

  • 이석기;서재곤;구광모;전일련;김우식
    • 폴리머
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.252-258
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    • 2000
  • 4-비닐피리딘과 N,N'-1,6-헥사메틸렌비스아크릴아미드를 라디칼중합하여 여러 가지 가교도를 가지는 가교 폴리(4-비닐피리딘) (CHP4VP)을 합성하였고, 이들 가교고분자와 구리(II)와의 착물을 평형흡착법으로 제조하였다. 제조한 착물들을 ascorbic acid (AA)의 산화반응 촉매로 사용하여 촉매활성을 조사하였다. CHP4VP-Cu(II) 착물에 의한 AA 산화반응은 Michaelis-Menten형 동력학적 거동을 나타내었다. CHP4VP-Cu(II) 촉매계의 촉매활성은 CHP4VP의 가교도가 증가할수록 증가하였고, 또 CHP4VP-Cu(II) 착물은 재사용 후에도 촉매활성이 거의 감소하지 않았다. 그러나 CHP4VP-Cu(II) 착물은 전보의 N,N'-메틸렌비스아크릴아미드가 가교제로 포함된 가교 폴리(4-비닐피리딘)-구리(II) 착물보다 AA 산화반응에 대한 촉매활성이 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 이들 결과로 부터 촉매계에 포함된 CHP4VP의 가교도와 가교제의 소수성이 AA 산화반응에 중요한 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다.

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The Role of the Surface Oxide Layer on Ru Nanoparticles in Catalytic Activity of CO Oxidation

  • Kim, Sun-Mi;Qadir, Kamran;Jin, Sook-Young;Jung, Kyeong-Min;Reddy, A. Satyanarayana;Joo, Sang-Hoon;Park, Jeong-Young
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.304-304
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    • 2010
  • The study on the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO) to carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) using the noble metals has long been the interest subject and the recent progress in nanoscience provides the opportunity to develop new model systems of catalysts in this field. Of the noble metal catalysts, we selected ruthenium (Ru) as metal catalyst due to its unusual catalytic behavior. The size of colloid Ru NPs was controlled by the concentration of Ru precursor and the final reduction temperatures. For catalytic activity of CO oxidation, it was found that the trend is dependent on the size of Ru NPs. In order to explain this trend, the surface oxide layer surrounding the metal core has been suggested as the catalytically active species through several studies. In this poster, we show the influence of surface oxide on Ru NPs on the catalytic activity of CO oxidation using chemical treatments including oxidation, reduction and UV-Ozone surface treatment. The changes occurring to UV-Ozone surface treatment will be characterized with XPS and SEM. The catalytic activity before and after the chemical modification were measured. We discuss the trend of catalytic activity in light of the formation of core-shell type oxide on nanoparticles surfaces.

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