• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.307-311
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• 2014

In this present study, Castanea crenata was found as an excellent biosorbent for the removal capability of copper ions among four different wood wastes (Castanea crenata, Pinus densiflora, Larix kaemoferi and Robinia pseudoacaia). Also, the removal efficiencies of 5, 10, 20, 40 and 50 mg/L copper ions using Castanea crenata from aqueous solution were investigated. The most effective particle size of Castanea crenata for removing 5 mg/L copper ions was found to be $43{\sim}63{\mu}m$. When the concentration of Castanea crenata increased, the removal efficiencies of copper ions were enhanced. In addition, when the 0.8 g/100 mL of Castanea crenata was used for 30 min, the removal efficiencies of 20 and 40 mg/L copper ions were 99% and 85%, respectively. Moreover, the chemical treatment of Castanea crenata with 1 M sodium acetate was required to improve the removal ability for 50 mg/L copper ions. Meanwhile, 1 M hydrochloric acid was selected as the optimal desorption agent with 93% desorption efficiency of copper ions for recycling of modified Castanea crenata. Therefore, these experimental results could be employed as economical and practical engineering data for the development of copper removal processes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.43-48
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• 2002

This study was carried out to clarify the change characteristics of stream water quality by land-use of forest from July to September, 2000 in three stands(Pinus densiflora, Castanea crenata (I), Castanea crenata (II) stand) of Jeongpyeong-ri, Jinju-si, Gyeongnam. The mean pH of rainfall results in acid rain of 5.3. The pH of stream water in three stands was high in order of Pinus densiflora (pH 6.59), Castanea crenata (II)(pH 6.53) and Castanea crenata (I) stand(pH 6.47). The electrical conductivity of stream water was high in order of Castanea crenata (I), Pinus densiflora and Castanea crenata (II) stand. Cations contents of three stands in stream water were high in order of $Ca^{2+}$, $Na^{2+}$, $Mg^{2+}$, $K^+$ and ${NH_4}^+$. But anions of stream water in Pinus densiflora stand and Castanea crenata (II) stand were high in order of ${SO_4}^{2-}$, $Cl^-$ and ${NO_3}^-$. In Castanea crenata (I) stand cations of stream water were high in order of ${NO_3}^-$, ${SO_4}^{2-}$ and $Cl^-$. The level of pH, ${NH_4}^+$, ${NO_3}^-$, $Cl^-$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$ of stream water in Pinus densiflora stand and Castanea crenata (II) stand reached within the level of domestic use standard for drinking water But the level of ${NO_3}^-$ of stream water in Castanea crenata (I) stand was higher than that of domestic use standard. Therefore, non-point sources like forest watersheds which are fertilizer application lands should be taken to the appropriate mitigation measures.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 2017

A study was carried out to observe the 1% aqueous safranine solution flow speed in longitudinal and radial directions of softwood Larix kaempferi (Lamb.)Carriere, diffuse-porous wood Betula davurica Pall.. and ring-porouswood Castanea crenata S.etZ. In radial direction, ray cells and in longitudinal direction, tracheids, vessel and wood fiber were considered for the measurement of liquid penetration speed at less than 12% moisture contents (MC). The length, lumen diameter, pit diameter, end wall pit diameter and the numbers of end wall pits determined for the flow rate. The liquid flow in the those cells was captured via video and the capillary flow rate in the ones were measured. Vessel in hardwood species and tracheids in softwood was found to facilitate prime role in longitudinal penetration. Anatomical features like the length and diameter, end-wall pit numbers of ray parenchyma were found also responsible fluid flow differences. On the other hand, vessel and fiber structure affected the longitudinal flow of liquids. Therefore, the average liquid penetration depth in longitudinal tracheids of Larix kaempferi was found the highest among all cells considered in Betula davurica and Castanea crenata, In radial direction, ray parenchyma of Larix kaempferi was found the highest depth and the one of Betula davurica was the lowest. The solution was penetrated lowest depth in the wood fiber of Castanea crenata. The large vessel of Castanea crenata was found the lowest depth among the vessels. The solutin was penetrated to the wood fiber of Betula davurica higher than the one of Castanea crenata.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.367-372
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• 2005

Antimicrobial effects of the extracts from Castanea crenata leaf were investigated. The antimicrobial effects of methanol extract (8 mg, 20 mg) of 0.2 g and 0.5 g. eq. of Castanea crenata leaf was stronger than that of 0.65 mg of benzoic acid against Gram(+) bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Bacillus subtilig and Gram(-) bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Growth inhibition of various microorganisms was observed in Castanea crenata leaf, therefor the Castanea crenata leaf were solvent fractionated. The ethyl acetate-soluble acidic and phenolic fraction were showed remarkable antimicrobial activity against microorganisms tested. The acidic fraction was purified with silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC, subsequantly. The antimicrobial active substance isolated from the acid fraction of Castanea crenata leaf was characterized as stigmast-5-en-3-ol($\beta$-sitosterol) by MS and NMR analysis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

The characters of Castanea crenata community which is associated with human activities recently extended around the field of Saengbiryang-myeon at Sanseong-gun in Gyeongsangnam-do. The C. crenata community and its outskirts were investigated for several ecological parameters and the results can be summarized as fellows. C. crenata is prevailing in the plantation area, whereas Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica are prevailing in its outskirts. The mean species diversity of plantation was lower than that of natural forests. In stratification of investigated areas, overstory tree layer was dominant in the zone of plantation and dominant layers in the natural forest were understory tree layer, shrub, and herb. Plant biomass and net production which estimated from degree of green naturality were much higher in natural forests than those of the plantation community. Least significant differences (LSD) post hoc analysis revealed that P. densiflora and Q. mongolica community had significantly greater than densities than C. crenata community.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1-17
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• 2016

The study was aimed to understand the ecological status of the Maebongsan urban forest in Cheongju-si through investigating the vegetation, soil characteristics, and soil microarthropods. Phytosociological analysis for twenty plots revealed that the plant communities were classified into Pinus rigida community, Robinia pseudoacacia community, Castanea crenata community, Quercus acutissima community, Pinus strobus community, Pinus koraiensis community, and Larix kaempferi community. The importance value showed that afforestation tree species like Castanea crenata, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Pinus rigida dominate the urban forest. DBH analysis indicated that although the plant communities seem to be under the succession to Quercus forest, the dominance of Castanea crenata and Robinia pseudoacacia might still persist for several more decades. The properties of soils from the plant communities showed that loamy sand and sandy loam in soil texture, low organic matters, and severe acidification. The abundance of soil microarthropods were not different among the plant communities except Castanea crenata community and Pinus koraiensis community. The two communities showed especially low abundance of collembola and acarina. Thus, we can say that Castanea crenata community and Pinus koraiensis community seem to have been influenced strongly by anthropogenic activities.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 2000

Liquid ammonia treatment known as the most effective Wood plasticization method, was applied to two typical domestic species, Pinus densiflora, Castanea crenata. Small specimens of 30mm width, 300mm length and two thicknesses, 5 or 10mm, were used. For 5mm thick Specimens, Pinus densiflora was quite well plasticized iker 4 hour liquid ammonia treatment, while Castanea crenata was not plasticized even after 4 hour treatment. Specimens of 10mm thick Pinus densiflora were hardly plasticized, but those with kerfs were bent somewhat easily, With the increase of liquid ammonia treatment time the thermal conductivity of Pinus densiflora increased, while that of Castanea crenata didn't Presteaming before liquid ammonia treatment didn't improve the plasticization of both species.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.585-590
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• 2017

The Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) provides information about the volume growth of a tree. In this study, we estimated the relative growth rates of Castanea crenata and Pinus rigida as 4.07% and 3.73%, respectively. Although the difference was low, we demonstrated that the growth rate of C. crenata is slightly faster than that of P. rigida. After calculating the relative growth rate for each section, we found that the relative growth of C. crenata decreased with time. However, the relative growth rate of P. rigida showed an overall increase. The gap widths of both species showed an increasing trend. However, the gradient of the two species was different. The gradient of C. crenata was approximately 12.0, but that of P. rigida was approximately 4.7. This means that the volume growth of C. crenata was faster than that of P. rigida during 4 years. However, this was relatively a short period for measuring the volume growth pattern, and we believe that additional useful information can be obtained by conducting long-term ecological monitoring. Results of canonical correspondence analysis showed that among the climate variables, temperature was significantly related to the gap widths for both species.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1978

The flower production in the Castanea crenata forest in Gapyong was investigated, by applying litter trap and allometric method. Among serveral variables, DBH is the most reliable one but the estimated value by DBH showed remarkable difference from the value obtained by the litter trap method. Litter trap showed 149.3 kg of flower production per ha in the Castane crenata forest. And the F/L ratro increased with the itme until flowers began to fall. The variation of flower production among trees by allometric method seems to be unreliable.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.156-161
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• 1997

For the search of hepatoprotective compounds from the folk medicines, 14 natural products which have been traditionally used as hepatoprotective drugs in Korea were extracted with methanol. The extracts were screened for the antioxidant activity on lipid peroxidation induced by Fenton reaction in rat homogenate and Ac2F cell toxicity by t-hydroperoxide. Dendrobium moniliforme and Castanea crenata were chosen for the further investigation and its therapeutic effects on the liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats were evaluated. Oral administration of the extracts reduced the aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activities in the serum of the carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rat. And the treatment of the extracts prevented the decrease of aminopyrine N-demethylation and aniline hydroxylation activities of the carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated rat liver. These results suggest that oral administration of Dendrobium moniliforme and Castanea crenata is effective in recovering the liver function in $CCl_4-treated$ rats.