• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.329-340
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• 1996

The extracts of selected plants and analyzed phenolic compounds were used to study the effects of alleloKDICicals on seed germination and seedling growth. HPLC analysis of the aqueous extracts of seven species identified 15 phenolic compounds including caffeic acid. Among them, protocatechuic acid was detected at 65.87ppm and 6.84ppm, in Erigeron canadensis and Pinus rigida, respectively. And the extract of P. rigida showed the strongest inhibitory effect on seed germination. The extract of P. rigida leaves significantly inhibited germination and radicle growth of Raphanus sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis in direct proportion to concentration. However, germination of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was stimulated by the treated extracts at the same concentrations, but root growth was inhibited at high concentrations. Except chlorogenic acid, eleven of the twelve phenolic compounds inhibited the germination of R. sativus var. hortensis for. acanthiformis. In the case of C. mimosoides var. nomame, some phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid and ${\rho}-coumaric$ acid stimulated germination, while the others reduced it.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.163-166
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• 2000

Cassia mimosoides var. nomame was grown at five phosphate rates (0, 5, 15, 25 and 35 kg/10a) at Cheju in 1998 to determine the influence of phosphate rate on growth, forage yield and quality. As phosphate rate increased from 0 to 35kg/10a, the plant growth was increased such as days to flowering, plant height, the number of branches and green leaves per plant, stem diameter and SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) reading values of leaves but the number of withering leaves per plant decreased. Fresh forage yield was 3, 291kg/10a at 0 kg/10a of phosphate rate and increased 5, 200 and 5, 230 kg/10a at 25 and 35 kg/10a of phosphate level, respectively. Dry matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients (TDN) showed the same tendency of changes as the fresh forage yield. Crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen free extract and TDN content increased but crude ash and crude fiber content decreased as the increasing of phosphate rate increased.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.204-215
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• 1992

From 12 August to 21 November in 1991, 65 soil specimens were collected from nineteen leguminous plant roots throughout nine locations of four provinces. They were sieved to collect and identify the arbuscular mycorrhizal spores (four genera, 21 species). The species of Glomus were most commonly (47.6% of all observations) found, but the species of Gigaspora (about 4.8% of all observations) occurred infrequently or rarely rather than the species of the other genera. The most common arbuscular mycorrhizal species at nine locations were Acaulospora laevis and Glomus laminated spores cf. macrocarpus var. macrocarpus. All of nineteen legume plant species collected were found to be associated with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi . Cassia mimosoides var. nomame and Kummerowia striata in legume plants had the great frequency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with their roots. The number of isolated spores were ranged from 0.3 to 10.0 spores per 10g of soil. The species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores at the disturbed areas were calculated to be bigger than those in the natural vegetation areas.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.199-202
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• 1991

The esterase isozyme of several legume plants were separated and visualized by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis using enzyme-specific staining. Extracts used were prepared from fully expanded young leaf and stem of six legume species which were red clover(Trifolium Pretense L.), ladino clover(Trifolium repense L.), wild white clover(Trifolium repense L.), alfalfa(Medicage sativa L.), mimosoides(Cassia mimosoides var nomame Makino), and amoena(Vicia amoena Fisch). The number of band, Phenotype and staining intensity of esterase isozyme in leaf and stem varies depending on the plant species. However, there are little difference between leaf and stem esterase isozyme in same species except alfalfa. And in the leaf and stem of mimosoides and amoena showed not any esterase(Fig. 2). Among the examined plants, the highest staining intensity and the rapidest migrating esterase isozyme was Est 1.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.38-50
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• 1993

Four plant (Sorghum bicolor, Cassia mimosoides var. nomame, Sesamum indicum and Glycine soja) were cultivated at the pots including the soils containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and were also investigated with the colonizations and productions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Whereas the colonizations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi continuosly increased on the roots until 50 days, the productions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores were fluctuated with the terms of 30 days after inoculated. This indicated that the colonizations on the roots were not correlated with productions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores. Also, the various soils collected were applied to this technique by using pot cultures. Out of 82 various soils collected, the spore productions of arbuscular mycorrhiaze were observed only from 42 soils. The spores cultured under artificial conditions were identified to 15 species with four genera. The spore productions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using this technique would be considered to be related to the soil pH: The spore productions were found in the low pH for the species of Acaulospora and Glomus, the those near pH 7.6 for the species of some Glomus, Scutellospora and Gigaspora.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2003

Seed germination rate and seedling growth were measured on 6 different species(Phytolacca americana, Eupatorium rugosum, Rumex acetocella, Echinochloa crusgalli, Cassia mimosoides var. nomame, Setaria viridis) treated with leaf extract of E. rugosum. Total phenolic compound and heavy metal were analyzed on leaf and soil with and without E. rugosum. The growth of P. americana seedlings were stimulated by 10% and 25% of E. rugosum water extract treatment. The content of total phenolic compounds in soil was lower than that of leaf extract, and 25% was confirmed as threshold concentration in natural systems because the total phenolic compounds were not significantly different between the control soils and the soil treated with 10%, and 25% extract. Total phenolic compound concentrations of the leaf extracts were highest (1.66 mg/l) with E. rugosum grown under the Quercus forest canopy and lowest (1.09 mg/l) for the plant grown in the mixed forest edge. Leaf extracts of plants selected in different sampling sites (Forest interior, Forest edge, under Pinus Canopy and Quercus Canopy) were significant, while soil extracts were not. Seed germination of R. acetocella and S. viridis were significantly inhibited at over 50% concentrations of E. rugosum, but C. mimosoides var. nomame was not affected at any concentration. The radicle and shoot growth of the native species group were reduced two times more than those of the exotic species group by the treatment of extracts. Especially, the seed germination percentage and dry weight of E. rugosum were greater than those of the control group by treatments with extracts of 10% and 25%. Analysis of aqueous extracts from E. rugosum by HPLC identified 6 phenolic compounds: caffeic acid (460.9 mg/l), benzoic acid (109.7 mg/l), protocatechuic acid (7.3 mg/l), ρ-hydroquinone (6.0 mg/l), cinnamic acid (2.7 mg/l) and hydroquinone (0.23 mg/l). The seed germination of P. americana was also inhibited dramatically by protocatechuic acid and cinnamic acid even though the content of caffeic acid (460.9 mg/l) was the highest among analyzed phenolic compounds. The heavy metal content of soil without A. altissima was higher than that of soil with E. rugosum. Particularly, Al, Fe and Mn was considerably high and most of the heavy metal were accumulated in leaves where a high level of total phenolic compounds was found.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2016

Drought tolerant species from 26 Korean native plants were selected using different physiological indicators. Arundinella hirta, Solanum carolinense and Carpesium divaricatum were withered after 8days of the stopping of irrigation. Plants except Kummerowia striata, Lespedeza cuneata and Ulmus parvifolia were withered in over 80% at 9-10days of the irrigation stopping. K. striata was withered after 10days, and L. cuneata and U. parvifolia were withered in over 90% after 11days of the stopping of irrigation. As stopping experiment of irrigation, A. hirta, S. carolinense, C. divaricatum, K. striata, L. cuneata and U. parvifolia were proved to be drought tolerant species. Among those plant species, transpiration rate of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino was high as 0.042ml/㎠·4hr. However, unit transpiration rate of U. parvifolia and L. cuneata were 0.005 and 0.010ml/㎠·4hr, respectively. In testing of physiological indicators, leaf area and transpiration rate were different among plant species. Unit transpiration rate of U. parvifolia was lower compared with other plant species. L. cuneata, U. parvifolia, Kummerowia striata, Arundinella hirta and C. divaricatum were high in relative water content and low in relative water loss. As this results, L. cuneata and U. parvifolia. were identified as drought tolerant species.