• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.65 no.6
• /
• pp.522-526
• /
• 2008

A 63-year old woman was admitted to our hospital for an evaluation of thrombocytopenia. She had been diagnosed with tuberculous pericarditis three months earlier in a local clinic and treated with anti-tuberculosis medication. Two months later, thrombocytopenia developed. The medication was subsequently stopped because it was suspected that the anti-tuberculosis medication, particularly rifampin, might have caused the severe platelet reduction. However, the thrombocytopenia was more aggravated. A bone marrow biopsy was performed, which showed moderate amounts of histiocytes with active hemophagocytosis. This finding strongly suggested that the critical thrombocytopenia had been caused by hemophagocytic syndrome, not by the side effects of the anti-tuberculosis medication. Furthermore, the development of hemophagocytosis might have been due to an uncontrolled tuberculosis infection and its associated aberrant immunity. Therefore, she was started with both standard anti-tuberculosis medication and chemotherapy using etoposide plus steroid. One month after the initiation of treatment, the thrombocytopenia had gradually improved and she was discharged in a tolerable condition. At the third month of the follow-up, her platelet level and ferritin, the activity marker of hemophagocytic syndrome, was within the normal range.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.335-341
• /
• 2013

Impacted maxillary canines are the most frequently impacted teeth after the third molars. The exact etiology of impacted maxillary canines is unknown, but several complications may result from impacted maxillary canines. An early detection of ectopically erupting teeth can lead to performing interceptive treatment such as early extraction of primary canine and provide the best long-term results. In the absence of prevention, clinicians should consider orthodontic treatment followed by surgical exposure of the canine to bring it into occlusion. However, in cases when the finding ectopically erupting teeth and severe root resorption of adjacent teeth are found late, malposed canine can replace the injured teeth. In these presented cases, early diagnosis and treatment of ectopic eruption and root resorption were not performed. The maxillary incisor replacement with ectopically erupting canine can be the alternative treatment of choice with successful results. The reconstructed canine is planned to be checked periodically for the condition of composite resin restoration. Orthodontic treatment and dental implant are planned. This report shows that when early diagnosis was not done, maxillary incisor replacement with ectopically erupting canine could prevent uncertain prognosis of the adjacent teeth with root resorption and provide esthetic satisfactory with time saved and cost reduced.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.106 no.2
• /
• pp.230-239
• /
• 2017

This study was performed to analyze the relationship between the participative motivation and satisfaction of adolescents participating in Green Camp which was the field centered forest experience camp as analyzing the factor of the participative motivation and its influence on the satisfaction. Also, this study identified the changes in creative personality before and after participation to Green Camp. In results, there were five motivation factors: 'Adventure and Interest', 'Forest Activity', 'Improve Physical Health', 'Rest', 'Suggestion'. When respective factors were analyzed, the mean of 'Interest and adventure' was the highest at 4.303, and then 'Forest activity' at 4.287, 'Rest' at 3.970 followed. In the case of participant satisfaction, 'the teaching materials and tools of the camp' was the highest at 4.530, and then 'contents of the camp' at 4.410, 'lecture performer of the camp' at 4.229, 'the way of progress of the camp' at 4.036, 'the place of the camp' at 3.952, 'the passage time of the camp' at 3.843 followed. It showed that 'Forest activity' factor and satisfaction had a positive relationship (p<0.05). In addition, the means of creative personality before-and after-program participation increased from 3.687 to 3.773 (t=-2.218, p=0.029). Based on the analysis of satisfaction, this study suggested improvements of Green camp. Also, it proved that the participation Green camp had influence on the creative personality. The finding of this study is meaningful in that it proposed the necessity of activation forest education focusing on experience.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.11-26
• /
• 2016

Businesses have to survive and thrive in both domestic and international environments. In order to resolve these problems, new alternatives have been presented. These include the importance of women's resources and entrepreneurship of female CEOs. The sensibility, delicacy, creativity as well as the intuitive power of female CEOs, actively enables them to cope with the ever-changing environment. Because of the rapidly changing circumstances, the above mentions women's attributes are highlighted thus, causing women's roles in society to shift from their traditional tendencies to finding careers and their own identities. Due to this change in social roles, social interest and the values of female CEOs are being reevaluated. Accordingly, the conceptual consideration of female entrepreneurship (innovation, enterprise, risk sensitivity) as well as the factors to be considered for the entrepreneurship of female CEOs in order to promote knowledge management performance was derived in this research. The deducted implication of this research is that generally, the enterprise and risk sensitivity of entrepreneurship affect the knowledge management performance of female CEOs. It is therefore proved that in the case of female CEOs, entrepreneurship and self-efficacy are linked, allowing them to achieve the desired outcome for a specific task performance. Female CEOs are capable of company management through the mediating process of their enterprise, risk sensitivity, and self-efficacy and with faith in their knowledge management, will be able to achieve high performance. Therefore, using strengths and nature peculiar to women, women's economic activities derived from knowledge management based on entrepreneurship will not only help overcome the long-term economy crisis but also lead to high economic growth and development. This will be a dynamic force for the nation's new growth with financial means. The comparative study of existing results will also contribute in suggesting the direction of policies that will enable the success of female CEOs in entrepreneurship.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2017

This study is an empirical analysis of the welfare of small and medium venture company trade. In the past, although the study analyzes the trade welfare for representative firm, this research is focusing on the distribution of an entire industry of companies analyzed. In this study, medium-to venture enterprise-scale for logarithmic normal distribution and Pareto distribution is estimated, and this study investigates the trading welfare changes. Results of the analysis can be summarized as follows. First of all, greater trade benefits enterprise-scale heterogeneity appeared to be significant. The result of this finding appeared to be the same to large firms as well as small and medium ventures. Trading welfare, assuming the distribution of Pareto rather than logarithmic normal distribution it's supposed to be overwhelmingly large. Secondly, the case of large corporations shows the more trade welfare than that of small and medium venture companies. Third, assuming homogeneous distribution of enterprise-scale trade welfare differences did not exist. Finally, from the point of view of increasing the welfare of trade, the diversity aiming of venture business is a very important role in the long term, because of the small and medium-sized ventures trade role.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.771-804
• /
• 2014

The concept of the center of gravity is presently being introduced in elementary school curriculums and is broadly applied to Mathematics, Physics, and the Engineering field in University education which are mostly theoretical classes much separated from actual life in the practical educational field. In 2013, ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ University of Science and Gifted Education, had developed the multidisciplinary approach program of verifying the center of gravity for gifted students, but this program was reconstructed and applied to ordinary students and the effectiveness was analyzed to lay the foundation and generalize this convergence education. Including experiments for verifying the center of gravity in an object with a hollow interior and the existence of a center of gravity outside an object, I proposed realizing the calculations by considering the weight of the lever, the Principle of the lever being a core factor when finding the center of gravity. We altered the existing 8 step program to a 4 step program for the told 65 students from elementary, Junior and High School students, letting them freely select the class lecture by themselves. The analysis attained from surveys, debates and interviews showed that by precise error analysis, students achieved a higher success experience, showing us the importance of the development of a new convergence program.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.957-961
• /
• 2014

Purpose: With regard to the protective effect of vitamin D against colorectal cancer (CRC), we evaluated genetic variants that might influence vitamin D metabolism: vitamin D receptor (VDR), vitamin D binding protein (GC), vitamin D 25-hydroxylase (CYP2R1), and vitamin D 25-hydroxy 1-alpha hydroxylase (CYP27B1). Materials and Methods: A total of 657 subjects, including 303 cases with CRC and 354 controls were enrolled in this case-control study. All 657 were genotyped for the four gene variants using PCR-RFLP methods. Results: In this study, no significant difference was observed for VDR (rs2238136), GC (rs4588), CYP2R1 (rs12794714), and CYP27B1 (rs3782130) gene variants in either genotype or allele frequencies between the cases with CRC and the controls and this lack of difference remained even after adjustment for age, BMI, sex, smoking status, NSAID use, and family history of CRC. Furthermore, no evidence for effect modification of the variants and CRC by BMI, sex, or tumor site was observed. Conclusions: Our findings do not support a role for VDR, GC, and CYP27B1 genes in CRC risk in our Iranian population. Another interesting finding, which to our knowledge has not been reported previously, was the lack of association with the CYP2R1 gene polymorphism. Nonetheless, our findings require confirmation and possible roles of vitamin D metabolism-related genes in carcinogenesis need to be further investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this preliminary report is to investigate the short term outcome of performing gel type fibrin matrix autologous chondrocyte implantation to patients who have damaged knee joint cartilage using secondary arthroscopy. Material and Methods: Six patients who have damaged knee joint cartilage were involved. The average size of defect was $5.13\;cm^2$. While performing primary arthroscopy, whole layer of cartilage bone was obtained either from the margin of damaged cartilage or the bilateral margin of a trochlea. The cartilaginous cells were obtained for culture for four to six weeks. While performing secondary minimal invasive arthrotomy, gel type fibrin matrix autologous chondrocyte was implanted on the chondral defect site. Results: 4 among 6 patients to be more than good in Modified Cincinnati Knee Scoring system. Lysholm function score was 59.5 preoperatively, and it improved to 76.25. ICRS grading by performing secondary arthroscopy revealed 4 out of 6 patients to be nearly normal. Conclusion: Gel type fibrin matrix autologous chondrocyte implantation is a treatment for cartilage defect, which takes less time to operate than the conventional implantation. In addition, this method minimizes the size of incision and allows arthroscopic surgery. However, long term follow up and more case study is thought to be necessary.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.279-290
• /
• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiographs and their digitized images for the detection of simulated interproximal carious lesions. A total of 240 interproximal surfaces was used in this study. The case sample was composed of 80 anterior teeth, 80 bicuspids and 80 molars which were prepared in order to distribute the surfaces from carious free to those containing simulated carious lesions of varying depths (0.5㎜, 0.8㎜, and 1.2㎜). The periapical radiographs were taken by paralleling technique and film used was Kodak Ektaspeed(E group). All radiographs were evaluated by five dentist to recognize the true status of simulated carious lesion. They were asked to give a score of 0, 1, 2, or 3. Digitized images were obtained using a commercial video processor(FOTOVIX Ⅱ- XS). And the computer system was 486 DX PC with PC Vision and frame grabber. The 17' display monitor had a resolution of 1280×1024 pixels(0.26㎜ dot pitch). But the one frame of the intraoral radiograph has a resolution of 700×480 pixels and each pixel has a grey level value of 256. All the radiographs and digital images were viewed under uniform subdued lighting in the same reading room. After a week the second interpretation was performed in the same condition. The detection of lesions on the monitor was compared with the finding of simulated interproximal carious lesions on the film images. The results were as follows: 1. When the scoring criteria was dichotomous ; lesion present and not present 1) The overall sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of periapical radiographs and their digital images showed no statistically significant difference. 2) The sensitivity and specificity according to the region of teeth and the grade of lesions showed no statistically significant difference between periapical radiographs and their digital images. 2. When estimate the grade of lesions ; score 0, 1, 2, 3 1) The overall diagnostic accuracy was 53.3% on the intraoral films and 52.9% on digital images. There was no significant difference. 2) The diagnostic accuracy according to the region of teeth showed no statistically significant difference between periapical radiographs and their digital images. 3. The degree of agreement and reliability 1) Using gamma value to show the degree of agreement, there was similarity between periapical films and digital images. 2) The reliability of each twice interpretation of periapical films and digital images showed no statistically significant difference. In all cases P value was greater than 0.05, showing that both techniques can be used to detect the incipient and moderate interproximal carious lesions with similar accuracy.

• Land and Housing Review
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.217-223
• /
• 2016

PSM is widely used pricing tool in field by the reason of data collection convenience and analytical intuitiveness. However, In high involvement environment, strategic respondent bias influence in reducing the price. By using 3 empirical cases of LH apartment for sale, We found that latent consumers' recognition of the range of acceptable and the range of optimal price are lower than real estate agent representative respondents'. This phenomenon is considered loss aversion effect of prospect theory to reduce loss by reducing price, and more influenced in high involvement situation than latent consumer respondents'. Also we found PSM result using real estate representative data is more useful in real market than latent consumers data distorted by loss aversion effects. The meaning of this study is finding some limitation in PSM using consumer data generally used. In further study, development of PSM measurement tool to minimize the effect of strategic bias are need to be studied. Also some new approaches in reinterpretation of the range of acceptable price and the range of optimal price are need to be followed.