• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of vertical and horizontal refraction on the lower part of the power supply and control system of various facilities and machinery that use electricity, so that the power distribution system, which is an important electric facility installed in buildings and public facilities, Type earthquake resistant pads to protect the substructure and prevent short-circuiting on the upper part of the system. The GR-63-CORE (Scale 8.3 class) It is earthquake disaster prevention and disaster prevention technology that satisfies seismic performance. As a research result, it is possible to protect the electricity and communication infrastructure, which can contribute to shortening the time for recovering the electric facilities to the normal state in case of an earthquake, and preventing the fire caused by the destruction of the electricity supply facility in case of an earthquake. As a result, it is possible to minimize the spread of fire that occurs when a large-scale earthquake occurs and to minimize the damage of people and damage to property, and it can contribute to the securing of electric infrastructure that enables citizens to quickly recover to daily life even after suffering a major earthquake. In addition, the technology can be applied to ensure the seismic resistance of the equipment in the communication and computer room, and it can be applied to various fields where the facility function can be stopped due to the shaking of the earthquake base.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.669-675
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• 2002

The alkenylation of o-xylene with 1,3-butadiene to make OTP(ortho-tolyl Pentene) was carried out over liquid phase NaK alloy, Na metal and the metallic sodium dispersed on the specific support such as NaX and $Al_2O_3$. Liquid phase NaK alloy showed the improved conversion and selectivity when they were pretreated by ultrasound to increase the dispersion. For the case of metallic sodium, the induction period for the formation of homogeneous metal sodium solution with high dispersion was needed before the reaction. In the case of metallic sodium dispersed on support, more than 80 % conversion could be obtained without induction period regardless of supports used. But 85 % of the metallic sodium was resolved into the reaction mixture after reaction for 7 hours. The amount of byproducts, oligomers, produced from OTP and 1,3-butadiene increased with the amount of 1,3-butadiene introduced and the selectivity to OTP was in inversely proportional to the conversion.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.317-332
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• 2004

Wind tunnel experiments were conducted under highly turbulent and disturbed flow conditions over a solid/perforated plate with a long splitter plate in its plane of symmetry. The effect of varied level of perforation of the normal plate on fluctuating velocities and fluctuating pressures measured across and along the separation bubble was studied. The different perforation levels of the normal plate; that is 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% are studied. The Reynolds number based on step height was varied from $4{\times}10^3$ to $1.2{\times}10^4$. The shape and size of the bubble vary with different perforation level of the normal plate that is to say the bubble is reduced both in height and length up to 30% perforation level. For higher perforation of the normal plate, bubble is completely swept out. The peak turbulence value occurs around 0.7 to 0.8 times the reattachment length. The turbulence intensity values are highest for the case of solid normal plate (bleed air is absent) and are lowest for the case of 50% perforation of the normal plate (bleed air is maximum in the present study). From the analysis of data it is observed that $\sqrt{\overline{u^{{\prime}2}}}/(\sqrt{\overline{u^{{\prime}2}}})_{max}$, (the ratio of RMS velocity fluctuation to maximum RMS velocity fluctuation), is uniquely related with dimensionless distance y/Y', (the ratio of distance normal to splitter plate to the distance where RMS velocity fluctuation is half its maximum value) for all the perforated normal plates. It is interesting to note that for 50% perforation of the normal plate, the RMS pressure fluctuation in the flow field gets reduced to around 60% as compared to that for solid normal plate. Analysis of the results show that the ratio [$C^{\prime}_p$ max/$-C_{pb}(1-{\eta})$], where $C^{\prime}_p$ max is the maximum coefficient of fluctuating pressure, $C_{pb}$ is the coefficient of base pressure and ${\eta}$ is the perforation level (ratio of open to total area), for surface RMS pressure fluctuation levels seems to be constant and has value of about 0.22. Similar analysis show that the ratio $[C^{\prime}_p$ max/$-C_{pb}(1-{\eta})]$ for flow field RMS pressure fluctuation levels seems to be constant and has a value of about 0.32.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2006

Although the delayed type of rhinoplasty is currently acceptable in the correction of cleft lip and nasal deformity, Delaire tried to achieve the simultaneous nasolabial reconstruction and muscular rearrangement that affect the subsequent skeletal growth of the face. the anatomic muscular reconstruction can be achieved by making the anchorage of the nasolabial muscles of the cleft side to the nasal septum and muscles on the non-cleft side. Two cleft lip patients of 6 and 7 year-old without any previous operation history were treated with the functional cheilorhinoplasty. One patient with incomplete cleft lip underwent a cheiloplasty along with the rearrangement of orbicularis oris muscle. The other patient had a complete cleft lip and palate with accompanying nasal deformity, who underwent the functional cheilorhinoplasty with the reconstruction of anterior nasal base. All the operation was done under the general anesthesia and patients healed without any significant complications. In the incomplete case, the shapes of Cupid's bow was restored, and the length of columella was regained comparable to the non-affected side. In the complete cleft lip and palate case, the depressed nostril was reconstructed with acceptable symmetry by complete releasing of deformed alar cartilage undermined with a dissecting scissors. In summary, the functional repair of cleft lip and nose could be possible at the same time by using Delaire method. This method is effective to correct the primary nasolabial deformity, which results in the restoring favorable anatomy and its function.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.307-330
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• 1992

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical properties of visible light curing Glass Ionomer cement for restorative esthetic filling. The control group was the autopolymerizing GC Fuji II Glass Ionomer cement (2.2: 1 P/L ratio) and the experimental groups were made by following procedure. To induce the polymerization by visible light, the powder of GC Fuji II GI cement and the liquid of Vitrabond for base & liner were mixed in an amalgam capsule with 2.5:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1 P/L ratio (% wt/wt). After fabrication of specimens, compressive strength, fracture toughness ($K_{IC}$) Scanning Electron Microscope and X-ray Diffraction, water-leachable content, marginal leakage and surface roughness were studied. The results were as follows: 1. Only experimental No. 1 group (visible light curing) showed less compressive strength than control group 1 hour after curing. Strength was increased with aging in all groups, so the compressive strength of light curing groups was no less than that of autopolymerizing group after 3 weeks. 2. Experimental No.3 group (visible light curing) was inferior to No.2 group (visible light curing) in fracture resistance but light curing groups were more resistant to fracture than autopolymerizing group and showed ductile fracture pattern as compared with the brittle fracture pattern of autopolymerizing group. 3. From scanning electron microscopic image, various sized unreacted powder particles, surrounded by silica gel, were embedded in polysalt matrix. Light curing groups showed little crack and more dense unreacted particles than autopolymerizing group. 4. From X-ray diffraction analysis, GC Fuji II Glass Ionomer cement powder and all groups showed glassy appearance but light curing groups seemed to be more intensive in crystaline than autopolymerizing group. S. The most significant dissolution was shown in early setting period in all group. Light curing groups were dissolved less than autopolymerizing group. 6. Marginal leakage was not different significantly in case of cavity margin composed of same tooth structure (ex. only enamel margin, only dentin margin) but much more leakage was shown in dentin/cementum margin than enamel margin. In only case of only enamel margin, light curing groups were superior to autopolymerizing group. 7. All groups showed relatively smooth surface, which irregularity was less than $1{\mu}m$. Light curing groups were smoother than autopolymerizing group.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2019

Appropriation means the process of transforming resources to property. John Locke earlier investigated the appropriation process of natural resources into the land property, which grounded the jurisprudential base of the private ownership of the land. In the same way human resources are transformed into the human assets. Appropriation process, very rarely studied so far, in this case of human property is the focus of this paper. The appropriation of intangible property is by far easier than the appropriation of tangible property. Learning is a process of embodiment, which naturally mean the process of appropriation. For the material resources which exist out of human body, appropriation necessary need special philosophical and institutional justification. In the process appropriation for intangibles, investigator found, appropriator and learner either can be same, or can be differentiated. In the former case substantial human assets are created while in the latter relational human assets are built. After the discussion of appropriation process, Investigator proceeds to the problem of visualizing the invisibles. Evaluation and assessment issue were discussed in this perspective. Qualification system is particularly noted as a system to regulate substantial human assets including their issuing and registration. The work done in this paper would contribute in understanding the law of education and the law of qualification.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.416-421
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• 2012

A 10-year-old 4-kg spayed female Chihuahua with severe congestive heart failure was referred for surgical treatment. Through several examinations, the dog was diagnosed as severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and moderate TR. Because of the poor prognosis associated with continuation of medical management, surgical repair of the mitral valve was considered as the treatment option for the dog. The mitral valve repair was performed undergoing cardio pulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit. However after mitral repair, the dog was died without recovery from anesthesia. Many risk factors associated with failure of cardiac surgery are included CPB management, hypothermia, organ dysfunction, hemorrhage, hypotension, electrolyte & acid base imbalance, and infection. Although the dog is died from the operation, it is an important to reveal the factors of failure in veterinary clinic. From the case report, causes of failure of mitral valve repair can be considered from the failure of oxygenation and gas exchange by hypothermia and serious hypotension with low heart rate by low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). Through the several considerations from this case, it is known that coming cardiac surgery for mitral valve repair is required to be more careful for successful operation. Further it can be brought to increase success rate in further operation.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.139-148
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• 2014

In recent years, computational models using parametric estimation method have been developed and used widely for efficient cost analysis. In this research, by applying experienced data from Guidance and Control Systems in Missile System field, the cost analysis for engineering model and commercial computational model(Price H, HL, M, S) are conducted and its result is analysed, so that the difference between two models and its grounds are apprehended. Comparing the calibrated value of computational model based on the data base of similar equipment and the cost from the engineering estimation, the two results are very close. It means that the credibility of data is enhanced through calibration. Also, for cost analysis of similar components in the future, the method for calibration of the computational models is also examined. When estimating development cost in this research, although many parts have been estimated through uncertain elements, the reliability could have been enhanced by applying computational model which secures objectivity. It is a very reasonable estimation method by utilizing calibration of the computational models based on existing accumulated development data.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.430-453
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to explore how an elementary school teacher developed PCK by utilizing her knowledge domains in teaching practice, regarding the specific science topic of 'animals:' A case study approach was adopted with the participation of a 1st grade teacher, in a poor urban neighborhood elementary school in NYC. Data was collected through interview and the participant observation method in order to investigate: a) the teacher's existing knowledge base in terms of subject matter knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and contextual knowledge; b) how she develops PCK during classroom practice, centering on the relationship between knowledge domains. The findings illustrate the ways in which the three knowledge domains are closely related and developed as PCK through the whole teaching process. In particular, the findings indicate that the teacher's contextual knowledge plays a critical role in shaping and developing PCK. Before instruction, her contextual knowledge regarding the administrative policies and the school test system in the district enabled her to make decisions and plans about teaching science. During classroom teaching, her knowledge of students' sociocultural backgrounds and living conditions in the urban setting helped her to identify specific teaching strategies and resources suitable to the students' needs and interests. The study results imply that science instruction can be more feasible in meeting the demands of particular groups of students if teachers make an effort to become knowledgeable about their own teaching context and utilize it in developing their PCK.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.369-376
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• 1993

Since nursing has come of age both as a profession and as a scholarly discipline, there has been increasing concern with delineating its theory base. In 1978 Chinn and Jacobs asserted that “the development of theory is the most crucial task facing nursing today.” The basic building blocks of theories are concepts. Concept formation begins in infancy, for concepts help us to categorize and organize our environmental stimuli. Concepts help us to identify how our experiences are similar or equivalent by categorizing all the things that are alike about them. concepts can be primitive, concrete, or abstract. Concept Analysis is a strategy that examines the attributes or characteristics of a concept. It is a formal, linguistic exercise to determine those defining attributes. It encourages communication. Its basic purpose is to distinguish between the defining and irrelevant attributes of a concept similarities. It is a process of determining the differences between concepts and it is useful for several reasons. It is an excellent way to begin examining information in preparation for research or theory construction and results in an operational definition and a list of defining attributes and antecedents. It provides the scientist with an excellent beginning for a new tool, is an excellent way of evaluating an old one and is useful in evaluating existing instruments. The steps of concept analysis are : 1. Select a concept, 2. Determine the aims or purposes of the analysis, 3. Identify all uses of the concept that you can discover, 4. Determine the defining attributes, 5. Construct a model case, 6. Construct borderline, re-lated, contrary, invented, and illegitimate cases, 7. Identify antecedents and consequences, 8. Define empirical referents. In this paper, the concept selected for analysis was Love. The concept of love is of great interest to nursing because loving care is considered vital to the nursing care of patients. The aims of the concept analysis of love were to clarify the meaning of love, to develop an operational definition for it and to contribute to existing nursing theory. Love influences the quality of life which is the goal of nursing according to Parse in her Human Becoming Theory. Lived experiences are the entities for study in Parse's Research Methodology. Human caring, human understanding, and human becoming are the most important issues in lived experiences. In this research, dictionaries and literature from nursing philosophy and other human disciplines were used to identify the concept of love. As many different instances of the concept as could be found were examinned. The model case was a real life example of the use of the concept. Next borderline, related, invented, and contrary cases were constructed for the purpose of providing examples of “not the concept” and for promoting further understanding of the concept being discussed. The defining attributes of the concept of love were concern, responsibility, respect, understanding and dedication. Love was defined as showing concern and understanding. relating with mutual respect and dedicating oneself responsibly to others. Concept analysis is a highly creative activity and may add significant new information to a given area of interest. It is a strategy for developing a concept based on observation or other forms of empirical evidence. The purpose of concept analysis is to generate new ideas. It provides a method of examining data for new insights that contribute to theoretical development. This concept analysis suggests that a nurse’s love for patients is shown in the process of giving oneself in mutual relationships of responsibility and respect and in continuously providing understanding and quality human care for them.