• 대한수학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.101-129
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• 2018

From an analytical perspective, we introduce a sequence of Cartier operators that act on the field of formal Laurent series in one variable with coefficients in a field of positive characteristic p. In this work, we discover the binomial inversion formula between Hasse derivatives and Cartier operators, implying that Cartier operators can play a prominent role in various objects of study in function field arithmetic, as a suitable substitute for higher derivatives. For an applicable object, the Wronskian criteria associated with Cartier operators are introduced. These results stem from a careful study of two types of Cartier operators on the power series ring ${\mathbf{F}}_q$[[T]] in one variable T over a finite field ${\mathbf{F}}_q$ of q elements. Accordingly, we show that two sequences of Cartier operators are an orthonormal basis of the space of continuous ${\mathbf{F}}_q$-linear functions on ${\mathbf{F}}_q$[[T]]. According to the digit principle, every continuous function on ${\mathbf{F}}_q$[[T]] is uniquely written in terms of a q-adic extension of Cartier operators, with a closed-form of expansion coefficients for each of the two cases. Moreover, the p-adic analogues of Cartier operators are discussed as orthonormal bases for the space of continuous functions on ${\mathbf{Z}}_p$.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.793-805
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• 2018

At the beginning of the $20^{th}$ century, Cartier developed Art Deco jewelry designs that have been used as design inspirations to this day. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the Art Deco jewelry designs of Cartier in the early $20^{th}$ century. Regarding the research method, this study explored the jewelry designs from 1904 to 1939 by extracting 288 analysis subjects from Cartier's exhibitions, auction picture books, and foreign books, and analyzed the characteristics in terms of design motifs, colors and materials. The results of the study are as follows. Regarding the design motifs, 73% were geometric motifs, and 66% were a combination of circular shapes and polygons, the most frequent. In terms of colors, 69% were chromatic in color, and vivid colors were mostly used in the order of red (24%), - green (19%), and - blue (14%). Of the materials, 92% of the metals consisted of platinum, and gemstones were used in the order of diamonds (41%), - onyx (13%), - emeralds (11%), - rubies (9%), and - sapphires (8%). In the early $20^{th}$ century, Cartier's Art Deco jewelry designs featured abstract and geometric motifs, vivid colors and strong contrasts, platinum and precious gemstones. This study is meaningful in that it explores the competitiveness of Cartier's designs and provides practical ideas to combine Art Deco style with contemporary jewelry designs successfully.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.509-518
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• 2017

As the international competitive landscape deepens, the need to understand foreign cultures and establish effective strategies is increasing. At the beginning of the 20th century, Cartier actively developed exotic designs to secure international competitiveness; theses designs have also been used as design prototypes for Cartier in modern times. The purpose of this study is to analyze the color characteristics and types of exotic designs in the early 20th century, which was a turning point in Cartier's design. After studying the literature, a total of 248 exotic designs were presented in Cartier catalogs. This study also selected overseas monographs from the early 20th century, and their design types were classified and color analysis was performed based on the Natural Color System(NCS). Cartier's exotic designs cover wide range of styles, such as Chinese, Japanese, Persian, Indian and Egyptian styles. Multicolor, primary colors, and contrast are all strongly expressed. 97% of designs contained multiple colors, with at least two colors and maximum of six colors. The most frequently used colors are red, green, and blue, which means that only 9% of the designs do not contain the three colors, showing a high preference for theses three colors. In addition, color combinations of red and green, red and blue, or all three colors are used to show high contrast and utilize complementary colors, or near complementary colors, for coloration. This study is meaningful in that it analyzes the color characteristics of Cartier's exotic designs and translates them into practical data for establishing the color strategies of companies in the global market.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.498-510
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• 2016

As social media are emerging as essential communication channels for corporates in all areas, luxury jewelry brands have implemented enhanced strategies for brand story videos by creating brand channels on YouTube. In this study, a comparative analysis of the videos made available by Cartier and Tiffany&Co. on their YouTube Brand Channels was conducted, with the aim of identifying their strategic characteristics. The research method encompassed, both literature review and empirical investigations. A quantitative analysis was conducted by means of the 'HEART' model, a type of luxury jewelry brand story, and the following common strategic elements were identified. First, in their brand story videos both brands focus primarily on 'theme'. Second, 'relationship' and 'artisanship' are emphasized in addition to 'theme'. Third, the videos incorporate high level aesthetics to stimulate the fantasies and dreams of their audiences. The strategic differences between the brands are as follows. : First, 'artisanship' is given the greatest significance along with 'theme' in Cartier videos, while 'relationship' has prime significance in Tiffany&Co. videos. Second, a difference between a European approach and an American approach towards luxury brand building is evident, with Cartier hosting exhibitions while Tiffany&Co. provides gala videos instead.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 1980

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.361-367
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• 1994

An elliptic module is an analogue of an elliptic curve over a function field [D]. The dual of an elliptic curve E is represented by Ext(E, $G_{m}$) and the Cartier dual of an affine group scheme G is represented by Hom(G, G$G_{m}$). In the category of elliptic modules the Carlitz module C plays the role of $G_{m}$. Taguchi [T] showed that a notion of duality of a finite t-module can be represented by Hom(G, C) in a suitable category. Our computation shows that the Ext-group as it stands is rather too "big" to represent a dual of an elliptic module.(omitted)

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is elucidate the status and role of fashion house museums including art museums that are affiliated to luxury fashion brands. This study is significant in that it offers profound understanding of the history of luxury brands and the direction of communication these luxury brands are taking through online and offline museums. For research methods in this study, literature review and case studies were combined. Based on the luxury type classification by Sicard, the scope of research was determined to include the French classical luxury brands to modern luxury brands and contemporary luxury brands. Examining the current status of fashion house museums, it was found that Cartier Foundation for Contemporary Art is an art museum operated by the luxury fashion brand, Cartier. Other fashion house museums in operation included $Herm{\grave{e}}s$ Museum, Foundation Louis Vuitton Museum, $Crist{\acute{o}}bal$ Balenciaga Museum, Yves Saint Laurent Museum, Gucci Museum, Christian Dior Museum, Prada Foundation Museum, Ferragamo Museum, Armani Silos, and so on. As for online museums, there was Valentino Garavani Virtual Museum. These luxury fashion brands' museums serves the following roles: provides references to the fashion industry professionals and researchers; differentiates the brand as means of experience marketing; promotes the brand and enhances brand communication through exhibitions of the founder and designers; archive the brand's design and builds the brand's history as a means of storytelling marketing.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2002

쏘일네일링 공법은 굴착이나 사면안정을 위해 가시설이나 영구용으로 국내에서 널리 이용되고 있다. 특히, 도심지 근접 굴착시 쏘일네일링 공법 적용시 고려사항은 벽체변위와 네일의 인장등 이다. 본 연구는 국내 여러 암반층을 포함하는 다층토 지반의 11개 쏘일네일링 현장에서 굴착단계별 네일의 인장력 거동을 계측자료와 역해석을 통하여 고찰하였다. 역해석 결과 네일의 최대인장력은 계측값의 50% 정도로 낮게 나타났고, 벽면에서 가상 파괴활동면까지의 거리를 주동영역거리라 할때 CLOUTERRE 보고서와 Cartier & Gigan이 각각 제안한 최종굴착 깊이(H$_{f}$ )의 0.3$H_f$,0.5$H_f$,에 비해 계측결과는 크게 나타났으며, 역해석은 이들이 제안한 범위내에 포함되었다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.60-67
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine fashion counterfeit purchasing behavior and purchasing intention among Koreans and Americans. 486 female college students were surveyed for this study. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, 2-test, and t-test were used. As the results, generally Korean consumers had purchased more fashion counterfeits than American consumers. There were significantly differences between two groups on 5 fashoin brand counterfeits. That is, handbag of PRADA or LOUIS VUITTON, shoes of Ferragamo, or Gucci, clothing of DKNY, PRADA, or CK, sunglass of Gucci or Channel, and accessories of Agatha, Cartier, or Tiffany were purchased by Korean consumers much more than by U.S consumers. Also, Koreans had more higher purchasing intentions toward fashion counterfeits than Americans except clothing. Based on these results, fashion marketing would be suggested.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.251-257
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• 1995

In the catagory of t-modules the Carlitz module C plays the role of $G_m$ in the category of group schemes. For a finite t-module G which corresponds to a finite group scheme, Taguchi [T] showed that Hom (G, C) is the "right" dual in the category of finite- t-modules which corresponds to the Cartier dual of a finite group scheme. In this paper we show that for Drinfeld modules (i.e., t-modules of dimension 1) of rank 2 there is a natural way of defining its dual by using the extension of drinfeld module by the Carlitz module which is in the same vein as defining the dual of an abelian varietiey by its $G_m$-extensions. Our results suggest that the extensions are the right objects to define the dual of arbitrary t-modules.t-modules.