• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.814-822
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• 2016

This study was conducted to determine and compare the effects of yeast yeast culture (YC) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation on endotoxin absorption and antioxidant status in lactating dairy goats suffering from heat stress (HS). Three first lactation Saanen dairy goats (body weight $30{\pm}1.5kg$) were surgically fitted with indwelling catheters in the portal vein, mesenteric vein and carotid artery, and were randomly assigned to a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design. Dietary treatments were the basal diet, and the basal diet supplemented with either 100 IU VE or 30 g YC. Goats were kept in temperature and humidity-controlled room at $35^{\circ}C$ from 8:00 to 20:00 and at $24^{\circ}C$ from 20:00 till the next morning at 8:00. The relative humidity was kept at 55%. HS increased dairy goats' rectum temperature and respiration frequency (p<0.01). HS reduced plasma flux rate of milk goats (p<0.01), but the plasma flux rate increased when the animal was under the conditions of the thermo-neutral period (p<0.01). The VE supplementation lowered dairy goats' rectum temperature during thermo-neutral period (p<0.01). Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed between the control and YC treatment in rectum temperature and respiration frequency (p>0.05). Dietary supplementation of VE and YC reduced heat stressed dairy goats' endotoxin concentration of the carotid artery and portal vein (p<0.01). However, the endotoxin concentration of the YC treatment was higher than that of the VE treatment (p<0.01). Both VE and YC supplementation decreased heat stressed dairy goats' absorption of endotoxin in portal vein (p<0.01). The endotoxin absorption of YC treatment was higher than the VE treatment (p<0.01). The addition of VE and YC decreased dairy goats' superoxide dismutase (SOD) concentration during HS and the whole experiment period (p<0.01). The addition of VE lowered SOD concentration during thermo-neutral period (p<0.01). Likewise, the addition of VE and YC lowered dairy goats' malonaldehyde (MDA) concentration during HS and the whole experimental period, and the MDA concentration in the VE treatment was lower than the YC treatment (p<0.05). The addition of VE decreased MDA concentration during thermo-neutral period. On the contrast, the addition of VE increased dairy goats total antioxidant potential (TAP) concentration during HS, thermo-neutral and the whole experimental period (p<0.01). The addition of YC increased TAP concentration only during HS period (p<0.01). It is concluded that both VE and YC are useful in alleviating HS of dairy goats by weakening endotoxin absorption and promoting antioxidant capacity. Compared with YC, VE is much more powerful in easing dairy goats HS.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.1736-1743
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• 2013

본 연구에서 사용한 남항(Vitis romaneti)은 중국에 주로 분포하는 야생종으로 현재 개량하여 재배하고 있는 포도 품종이나, 그 기능에 대해서는 아직까지 알려지지 않았다. 그러므로 본 연구는 남항 포도 잎 추출물(VGLE)과 본 품종유래 지표물질인 resveratrol(VGLR)을 활용하여 AAPH로 유도된 적혈구 및 혈장의 산화적 손상에 대한 항산화 효과와 FeCl3로 유도된 경동맥 혈전 모델에서 혈행개선과 혈청학적 변화에 대한 효과를 조사하였다. 그 결과 VGLE 및 VGLR은 적혈구 및 혈장의 산화적 손상과 혈전을 억제함으로써 혈행을 개선할 수 있는 효과가 있었다. 특히 VGLR은 혈청학적으로 혈전모델에서 Normal군과 유사한 혈청학적 개선 효과를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 VGLE 및 VGLR은 항산화제로 사용될 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 혈행장애로 유발될 수 있는 심혈관계 및 뇌혈관계질환을 예방하거나 개선할 수 있는 물질이라는 것을 제시해주었다. 이와 관련된 VGLE 및 VGLR의 기능성에 대해서는 앞으로 분자생화학적 수준에서 더 연구해야 할 필요성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.401-411
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• 2009

In this paper, we correct pulse wave velocity(PWV) with heart-rate and derive regression equations to estimate intima-media thickness(IMT). Widely used methods for diagnosis of arteriosclerosis are IMT and PWV. Arterial wall stiffness determines the degree of energy absorbed by the elastic aorta and its recoil in diastole but there is not correlation between sclerosis and IMT in an existing study. In this study, we will correct PWV with heart-rate and get regression equation to estimate IMT using heart-rate correction index(HCI). We executed experiments for this study. Made up question of physical condition and measured electrocardiogram(ECG), photoplethysmogram (PPG) of finger-tip and toe-tip and ultrasound image of carotid artery. Calculated PWV and IMT using ECG, PPG and ultrasound image. We found that every p-value between PWV and IMT is not significant(<0.05). But p-value between IMT and HCI which is a corrected PWV using heart-rate is significant(>0.01). We use HCI and various measured parameter for estimating regression equation and apply backward estimation to select parameters for regression analysis. Result of backward estimation, found that only HCI is possible to derive proper regression equation of IMT. Relationship between PWV and IMT is the second order. Result of regression equation of E-H PWV is $R^2$=0.735, adj $R^2$=0.711. This is the best correlation value. We calculate error of its analysis for verification of earlobe PWV regression equation. Its result is RMSEP=0.0328, MAPE(%) = 4.7622. Like this regression analysis, we know that HCI is useful parameter and relationship between PWV, HCI and IMT. In addition, we are able to suggest possibility which is that we can get different parameter of prediction throughout just one measurement.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제14A권2호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2007

경동맥 B 모드 초음파영상에서 내막 중막 두께(IMT: Intima-Media Thickness)는 죽상경화증의 조기 표식자로 뇌졸중과 심혈관 질환의 예측을 위해 널리 사용되고 있으며 대부분 수동측정에 의존한다. 그러나 잡음의 제약성을 가진 초음파영상에서 내막 중막 경계선의 수동추적을 통한 측정은 관찰자 간, 동일 관찰자 내 그 결과가 달라지는 변이성과 비효율성의 문제점을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 초음파영상이 갖는 잡음의 제약성을 극복하고 전형적인 스네이크의 초기 윤곽선 의존성 문제를 해결하기 위해 다이나믹 프로그래밍을 결합한 다해상도 스네이크 자동추출기법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 우선 잡음을 제거하면서 영상의 전역적인 형태정보 유지가 가능한 가우시안 피라미드를 이용하여 영상 피라미드를 구축한다. 다음으로 가장 낮은 해상도 영역에서 다이나믹 프로그래밍을 기반으로 경계선의 다중영상특징 및 연속성을 고려한 평가항을 포함하는 평가함수 최소화 과정을 수행함으로써 경계선을 자동으로 추출한다. 자동으로 추출된 경계선은 다음 레벨 영상에서 수행되는 스네이크의 초기 윤곽선으로 지정됨으로써 초기 윤곽선의 의존성 문제를 해결한다. 또한, 스네이크 수행 시 잡음에 민감하여 실제 경계가 아닌 지역적 최소점(local minima)에 수렴할 수 있는 문제를 개선하기 위해 다중 영상특성을 고려한 외부에너지를 정의하였다. 본 연구에서는 제안분할기법의 정확도 검증을 위해 자동 추출된 경계선 두께측정과 임상 전문가에 의한 수동측정 결과의 상관관계(correlation)를 계산한다. 제안된 자동추출 알고리즘은 일반적인 에지 추출알고리즘보다 더욱 정확하고 재생산 가능한 결과를 제공함으로써 효율적인 자동측정이 가능하게 한다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1990

가토의 적출동맥평활근 절편에 대한 peptide YY(PYY)의 수축작용을 관찰하고, PYY의 수축기전상 동원되는 칼슘의 기원을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 각 동맥의 나선형 절편은 PYY의 실험조내 첨가에 의하여 농도의존적인 수축반응을 보였다. 그중 대퇴동맥이 가장 강력하고 예민한 수축경향을 보였으며, 그 다음은 대뇌의 기저동맥, 총장골동맥, 상장간막동맥, 신동맥, 총경동맥의 순으로 예민하였다. PYY에 대한 반응성을 Norepinephrine(NE)에 대한 반응성과 비교해볼때, 총경동맥과 신동맥은 PYY보다 NE에 대해서 유의하게 $(p{\leqslant}0.05)$예민하였고, 기저동맥은 NE보다 PYY에 더 예민하였다$(p{\leqslant}0.05)$. 대퇴동맥 절편에서 칼슘통로봉쇄제인 verapamil과 세포내 저장칼슘유리를 억제하는 3,4,5-Trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester ${\ulcorner}TMB-8{\lrcorner}$는 각각 PYY에 의한 수축을 억제하였는데 $(p{\leqslant}0.05)$, verapamil과 TMB-8이 동시에 존재할 때는 PYY에 의한 수축은 거의 완전히 억제되었고, ethyleneglycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether), N,N,N‘,N’-tetraacetic acid${\ulcorner}EGTA{\lrcorner}$0.5mM를 첨가한 칼슘배제용액 내에서도 PYY에 의한 수축은 거의 완전히 억압되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 혈중 PYY가 증가했을 때는 교감신경계흥분시보다 강한 뇌혈관의 수축이 일어날 수 있으며, 뇌동맥압은 교감신경계 흥분시보다 더 높을 수가 있으리라 추정된다. 또 PYY에 의한 혈관 평활근 수축에는 세포외액의 칼슘과 세포내저장칼슘의 이용이 공히 필수적이라고 생각된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.6284-6289
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• 2013

본 연구는 k-space 주사방식을 새롭게 적용하여 noise의 영향과 방향성을 분석함으로써 영상의 신호강도가 낮은 뇌혈관 질환의 고해상도 MRI 검사 시 noise의 영향을 최소화 하여 진단적 가치가 높은 영상을 획득하고자 하였다. 연구방법은 2013년 6월부터 동년7월까지 뇌혈관 질환의 조기 진단을 위해 고해상도 MRI 검사를 받은 38명을 대상으로 k-space 주사방식에 따른 noise의 영향을 평가하기 위해 기존의 선형 직각좌표계 주사방식과 새로운 방사형 직각좌표계 주사방식을 각각 적용한 후, 획득한 영상에서 내경동맥 내강의 신호강도와 noise를 비교 평가하였다. 연구결과, k-space 주사방식에 따른 내경동맥 내강의 신호강도는 방사형 비직각좌표계 주사방식이 기존의 선형 직각좌표계 주사방식 보다 43.32% 낮았고, noise 역시 50.19% 가량 낮게 나타났다. 이는 방사형 비직각좌표계 주사방식이 선형 직각좌표계 주사방식보다 noise가 적게 발생하며, 영상의 신호강도가 낮은 고해상도 MRI에서는 방사형 비직각좌표계 주사방식이 더 유용하다는 것을 의미한다. 그러므로 영상의 신호강도가 낮은 고해상도 뇌혈관 MRI 검사 시 방사형 비직각좌표계 k-space 주사방식을 이용한다면 noise의 영향을 최소화하여 양질의 영상을 획득할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1361-1368
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• 2001

Objective : "Paraclinoid" aneurysms include those aneurysms arising from the internal carotid artery between the site of emergence of the carotid artery from the roof of the cavernous sinus and the origin of the posterior communicating artery. The authors reviewed and analysed the results of surgical approaches to paraclinoid aneurysms treated with transcranial surgery and endovascular surgery. Methods : Between January 1998 and May 1999, 14 patients were treated surgically through ipsilateral and contralateral pterional approaches, and anterior interhemispheric approach, and endovascular surgery for paraclinoid aneurysms. All transcranial approaches were performed by same surgeon. The medical records, neuroimaging studies and videotapes which had been recorded operations were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Twelve patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and ICH. Nine of fourteen patients had multiple aneurysms. Thirteen cases were small and one was a large aneurysm. Six patients were treated through ipsilateral approaches, six contralateral pterional approaches, one anterior interhemispheric approach and one primarily by GDC embolization. All aneurysms treated through contralateral approaches were multiple aneurysms. Neck clipping was performed in 9(69.2%) of the thirteen aneurysms, wrapping in four cases, among them three cases were followed by GDC embolization. The surgical outcomes were : Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS) I 71.4%, GOS II 21.4% and GOS V 7.1%. Conclusion : The surgical approaches to paraclinoid aneurysms should be chosen after careful anatomical evaluation of aneurysm and its neighboring structures. 3D-CT angiography and/or the raw data of MR angiography were useful. This study supports the usefulness of the contralateral approach to paraclinoid aneurysm associated with multiple aneurysms, unruptured and small aneurysms whose dome projecting medially, superiorly and dorsally. The determination of contralateral approach to small and medially projecting paraclinoid aneurysm may be stressful to operator, thus we believe anterior interhemispheric approach is better alternated. Also we recommend the endovascular surgery after reinforcement of aneurym neck and dome in the case with difficulty in clipping.

• 감성과학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.509-516
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• 2013

본 연구는 3D 산업의 안전성 문제인 3차원 콘텐츠로 유발된 시각피로를 안면 온도 변화로 정량화하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 콘텐츠 시청 전과 후에 각 1분간 열화상 카메라를 이용하여 안면온도를 측정하였고 주관설문과 인지부하 실험을 통해 시각피로를 판단하였다. 2D와 3D의 시청 전과 후를 비교하여 3D 콘텐츠 시청에 따른 시각피로 유발 시 안면 온도에 차이를 확인하였다. 시청 전과 후에 차이를 비교한 결과 주관 설문과 인지부하 실험은 유의한 차이를 보였고 ERP latency는 3D 시청 시 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 안면 온도의 경우 미간(forehead)과 코끝(tip of the nose) 영역의 최대값을 비교 결과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 선행 연구에서 3D 시각피로 발생 시 교감신경계가 항진됐던 결과와 비교해보면 교감신경계가 항진되면 심박 수가 증가하고 목동맥계(carotid arteries system)를 통한 안면으로의 혈류량이 증가하게 된다. 2D와 3D 시청 시 교감신경계 항진 정도에 따라서 혈류량 변화로 안면 온도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구는 열화상이미지를 이용한 3D 시각피로 측정 가능성을 확인하는데 의의가 있다.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.69-87
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• 2017

Objectives : Cheongnoemyeongsin-hwan (CNMSH) is a herb medicine to treat cognitive impairment. This study was investigated the effects of CNMSH on learning and memory impairment induced by cerebral hypoperfusion. Cerebral hypoperfusion was produced chronically by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in rats. Methods : CNMSH was administered orally once a day (250 mg/kg) for 28 days starting at 4th week after the BCCAO. The acquisition of learning and the retention of memory were tested on 9th week after the BCCAO using the Morris water maze. In addition, effect of CNMSH on neuronal apoptosis and ${\beta}-amyloid$ accumulation in the hippocmapus was evaluated with immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results : 1. CNMSH and ChAL significantly shortened the escape latencies on the 2nd day of acquisition training trials. 2. ChAL significantly prolonged the swimming time spent in the target and peri-target zones and CNMSH also significantly prolonged the swimming time spent in the peri-target zone. 3. CNMSH and ChAL significantly increased the number of target heading in the retention test. 4. ChAL significantly shortened the time of the 1st target heading in the retention test, but CNMSH insignificantly shortened the time of that. 5. CNMSH and ChAL significantly increased the memory score in the retention test. 6. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the reduction of CA1 neurons, but insignificantly attenuated the reduction of CA1 thickness. 7. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the up-regulation of Bax expression in the CA1 of hippocampus. 8. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the up-regulation of cascapse-3 expression in the CA1 of hippocampus. 9. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the ${\beta}-amyloid$ accumulation in the CA1 of hippocampus. 10. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the up-regulation of APP expression in the CA1 of hippocampus. 11. CNMSH and ChAL significantly attenuated the up-regulation of BACE-1 expression in the CA1 of hippocampus. Conclusions : The results show that CNMSH attenuates neuronal apoptosis and ${\beta}-amyloid$ accumulation in the hippocampus and alleviates the impairment of learning and memory produced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. These results suggest that CNMSH may be a beneficial medicinal herb to treat cognitive impairment associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.380-384
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• 2009

Purpose: Autologous vessels remain the gold standard for vascular grafts in microanastomoses. However, they are sometimes unavailable and have a limited long - term patency. Synthetic vessels have high success rates in large - diameter reconstructions but failed when used as small - diameter grafts due to graft occlusion. It has been proved that endothelial cell seeding improves prosthesis performance and long - term patency. Among polyurethane, PET and ePTFE, polyurethane has the best affinity to endothelial cells and mechanical properties closest to human vessels. We examined the ability of endothelial cells to attach to a polyurethane graft manufactured by the electrospinning method. Methods: Endothelial cells, which were cultured from porcine internal jugular veins, were attached to polyurethane grafts with an internal diameter of 3 mm. The same cells were attached to allogeneic decellularized porcine internal carotid artery grafts as controls. Both of the 10 mm - long grafts were exposed to endothelial cells in a well for 1 hour. Each well contained $2{\times}10^5$ endothelial cells. The graft materials were rotated through 90 degrees every 15 minutes in order to minimize the effect of gravity. The extent of cell attachment was examined with the MTT assay. Results: The MTT assay showed good incorporation of endothelial cells into both grafts. For the evaluation of affinity, the number of attached cells was counted at 10 fields of microscopic examination with ${\times}40$ magnification. Endothelial cells adhered more to polyurethane grafts (mean, $127.4{\pm}6.2cells$) compared to porcine artery grafts (mean $45.8{\pm}5.1cells$)(p<0.05,Mann - Whitney test). Conclusion: In this study, we attached porcine endothelial cells to polyurethane grafts, manufactured by electrospinning. The grafts exhibited a better affinity to endothelial cells than allogeneic decellularized porcine internal carotid artery grafts. It is suggested that the time required for endothelial cells to attach to decellulized artery grafts may be longer than that which is required for attachment to polyurethane grafts.