• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.40-54
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• 2024

This study aims to identify the regional distribution in the prevalence of dental caries and related multidimensional factors among 12-year-old children in Korea. Data from the 2018 Child Oral Health Survey were used to calculate the average DMFT index of 12-year-old children in metropolitan cities, and a multi-level regression model was applied to explain the regional distribution of dental caries prevalence and related factors. Factors were divided into two levels by administrative structure. This study finds a significant regional difference in the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old Korean children across metropolitan cities. Multilevel analysis showed that district-level factors (average number of pit and fissure-sealed permanent teeth, dental treatment demand rate, preventive treatment rate, sex ratio, and number of dentists per 100,000 people) and metropolitan-level factors (intakes of cariogenic beverages and number of pediatric dental hospitals and clinics per 100,000 people) had a significant effect on dental caries prevalence (p < 0.05). Individual characteristics and local socio-environmental factors influence the prevalence of dental caries. Especially considering the strong dependence on preventive treatment and accessibility to dental care services, it is necessary to provide adequate preventive treatment and expand health care resources in high-risk areas of dental caries.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.65-81
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• 1997

For the purpose of evaluating the appropriateness of AP-PCR as a facile, rapid and reproducible method for genotyping Streptococcus mutans, and selecting the discriminant primer for it, a DNA fingerprinting was performed on the microorganisms isolated from caries-free children and children with rampant caries, respectively. In the course of selecting appropriate primer for S. mutans genotyping, we chose S2 primer from 6 different primers which shows highest resolution on the agarose gel as well. Nineteen kinds of fingerprint patterns were observed in caries-free children and children with rampant caries which were produced by combination of 7 different fragments. Interestingly, the number of types observed in caries-free children was greater than that in children with rampant caries. And we observed Type 2 was predominant in children with rampant caries (about 80%) and relatively even distribution of each types in caries-free children. Furthermore, it was appeared that the major types in normal control were not or rarely found in children with rampant caries. In conclusion, we could establish simple, rapid and highly reproducible AP-PCR method for genotyping S. mutans. We also found differences in distribution of S. mutans between normal and patient, which suggested that cariogenicity is also dependent on qualitative aspects which is caused by the difference in genotypes of S. mutans in oral cavity.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.843-852
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• 2018

Objectives: The study aimed to isolate the abundant bacteria in dental caries in children and to investigate the bacterial species involved in addition to those that have been previously reported. Methods: The specimens were collected from the supragingival plaques of each dental caries area, pit and fissure caries, deep dentinal caries, smooth surface caries, and dental caries, and from healthy subjects in the control group. Bacteria were cultured from these specimens, DNA was extracted from the isolated bacteria, and the 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed and identified. Results: Based on the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for the 90 strains of dominant bacteria from the 45 specimens, 5, 7, 8, 7, and 13 species were identified from the supragingival plaques from healthy teeth, pit and fissure caries, deep dentinal caries, smooth surface caries, and dental caries, respectively. In healthy teeth, Actinomyces naeslundii dominated. Corynebacterium durum, Ralstonia pickettii, and Streptococcus intermedius showed equal distribution. The dominant bacterial species in dental caries, S. sanguinis, showed the greatest difference in prevalence in pit and fissure caries. In deep dentinal caries, S. mutans and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were dominant; in smooth surface caries, S. mutans and S. sanguinis were dominant; and in the supragingival plaques of dental caries, S. sanguinis and S. mutans were dominant. Conclusions: The bacterial species isolated from dental caries encompassed four phyla, eight genera, and 22 species. In addition, the SS1-2 strain, belonging to the genus Neisseria, was identified as a new species from among the isolated strains.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.89-102
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• 1981

1147 preschool children aged from 3 to 6 living in some farm villages in Kyungki-do were surveyed on dmf and distribution of dental caries in primary dentition. The results were as follows: 1. dmf rate ... 92.76 % boy ... 94.52 % girl ... 90.5.5 % 2. dmf t rate ... 37.07 % dmf t index ... 7.09 3. dmf s rate ... 13.74 % dmf s index ... 13.14 % 4. df t index ... 6.94 5. Each percentage of d, m & f per dmf teeth d rate ... 89.96 % m rate ... 7.24 % f rate ... 2.67 % 6. Most frequent site of dental caries in each tooth $\underline{A}$ mesial $\overline{A}$ distal $\underline{B}$ mesial $\overline{B}$ distal $\underline{C}$ distal $\overline{C}$ distal $\underline{D}$ disto-occlusal $\overline{D}$ disto-occlusal $\underline{E}$ linguo-occlusal $\overline{E}$ occlusal 7. Order of caries susceptibility $\overline{E}$ $\underline{E}$ $\overline{D}$ $\underline{D}$ $\underline{A}$ $\underline{B}$ $\overline{C}$ $\underline{C}$ $\overline{B}$ $\overline{A}$ 8. All the values in caries criteria showed a marked increae from those of 1968.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.182-190
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• 2013

Composition of oral microbial flora is suggested to play a role in the maintenance of oral health. Among them, Streptococcus mutans plays an essential role in the formation of dental plaque and it is being noticed as incipient infective bacteria of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to prepare the basic data about distribution of Streptococcus mutans detected from saliva by measuring colony density. It is well known that smoking as well as drinking is a factor of dental caries, however there are few investigations about distribution of Streptococcus mutans either smoking or drinking. The materials of this study were collected from students of dentistry college with general characteristics obtained by self-administered questionnaires. Students were asked to gently chew the paraffin to get saliva for 1 minute. Bacitracin disc in the culture medium was activated for 15 minutes, and then sample was incubated in the activated medium at $37^{\circ}C$ incubator for 48 hours. Streptococcus mutans colonization per 1 ml saliva was measured by the number of criteria. The severe levels of dental caries activity were significantly increased in the case of smoking (from 5.6% to 10%) or drinking (form 0% to 7%), respectively. Also, dental caries activity increased according to smoking and drinking periods longer. However, using the SPSS analytical process (Mann-Whitney's U), no significant differences were observed between the smoking and the non-smoking or the drinking and non-drinking, respectively. These results obtained from dental caries activity of saliva suggest that distribution of Streptococcus mutans following smoking or drinking can be used as a significant information for oral health.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.943-953
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the association between intake of energy, calcium and protein and permanent teeth caries in Korean children. Methods: Research data were obtained from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) and 1,274 Korean children within 9 to 12 years were selected as subjects for the study. The DMFT index, nutrition factors including total energy and protein intake, and degree of calcium intake were identified Chi-square test was performed to assess the difference of distribution in socioeconomic status, oral health behavior and nutrition factors according to sex. Multilevel linear regression analysis was performed to identify the relationship between DMFT index and the related variables. Results: Significant differences in energy, protein and Ca intake were confirmed according to the sex. Among 10 year-old children who intake total energy less than the recommended had few dental caries (p=0.058, ${\beta}=-0.411$). In addition, 11-year-old children having protein intake more than the recommended experienced dental caries (p=0.02, ${\beta}=0.588$). Conclusions: These results suggest that, there is significant differences between intake of energy and protein and dental caries among Korean children. However, further researches is needed to confirm between intake of energy and protein as a related factor.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.197-208
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• 2003

This study was implemented for 84 students of dental hygiene to show the correlation between dental caries experience and improved caries activity test. Dental caries experience for the sample groups was examined and stimulative saliva secreted for 5 minutes was collected into the tube to check saliva secretion rate. Dentocult LB test was executed to observe Lactobacilli colonies after 96 hour cultivation of culture slides moistened with stimulative saliva. Dentocult SM test(screening strip, site strip) was done to measure SM colonies distribution after 48 hour cultivation of culture strips applied with collected saliva and dental plaque respectively, and salivary buffering capacity was checked by means of Dentobuff strip kit. Following conclusions are obtained after examining the relation between Dentocult LB, Dentocult SM, Dentobuff strip test results and DMFT index, salivary secretion rate. 1. Showed no significant difference between Dentocult LB test results and DMFT index, salivary secretion rate. 2. Showed no significant difference between Dentocult SM(screening strip) test results and DMFT index, salivary secretion rate. 3. Showed significant difference between Dentocult SM(site strip) test results and DMFT index(pE0.05), but showed no significant difference between Dentocult SM(site strip) test results and salivary secretion rate. 4. Showed no significant difference between Dentobuff strip test results and DMFT index, but showed a very wide difference between Dentobuff strip test results and salivary secretion rate(pE0.01).

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1983

Various investigations have been carried out to elucidate the causative relationship between specific oral bacterial species and dental caries since it was first demonstrated that selected streptococoal species produced dental caries in germfree rats when fed a high-sucrose diet. Now, S. mutans is considered to play an important role in the development of dental caries in animals and humans, and only a limited number of species of bacteria other than S. mutans are occasionally found to be cariogenic in experimental animals. In this regard, association of the number of S. mutans in approximal plaque with caries experience (DMFT) was studied from 137 Korean school children($10{\sim}11$ year old). Biotypes of the collected strains of S. mutans were determined, and their relationship with caries status was also examined. The following results were emerged from the study. 1. S. mutans was detected in the plaques of all children. 2. Statistically significant positive correlation(r=0.445, p<0.001) was found between the caries experience(DMFT) and the number of S. mutans in approximal plaques. 3. The number of S. mutans were significantly higher(p<0.001) in plaques removed from carious surface than from sound surface. 4. The most frequent biotype was biotype I(78.8%), followed by IV(33.1%) and V(09.5%). Biotype II was isolated in the plaque of two children(1.7%) only. 5. There was no apparent relation of specific biotypes to carious status.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to analyze the level of understanding of Korean children and adolescents of caries risk assessment items in order to develop caries risk assessment tools. Methods : A total of 52 parents and 108 middle and high school students were analyzed for their understanding of nine items of the CAMBRA CRA for Korean children and adolescents. The nine questions were analyzed through a Likert five-point scale. Centralized distribution analysis was conducted to compare significant differences in the three groups' understanding of the questions. Results : The evaluation of the middle school and high school students' understanding showed that four items scored less than 3.0 points. The items were "Hyposalivatory medications (antihistamines, antipsychotics, asthma, etc.)," "Brushing below once a day," "F varnish last six months," and ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly." The understanding of elementary school parents of ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly" was less than 3.0 points. In addition, as a result of comparing the averages of the three groups, a statistically significant difference (p<.05) was found for a total of five items: "Hyposalivatory medications (antihistamines, antipsychotics, asthma, etc.)," 'Not used oral products such as floss and interdental toothbrushes," "F toothpaste 2× daily or more," "F varnish last six months," ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly." Conclusion : This study was conducted to provide basic data for the development of a caries prevention program by identifying whether the caries risk assessment reconstituted in Korean style can be used for children and adolescents. More than half of the questions scored 3.0 points or higher and were generally completed. Nonetheless, a systematic program can only be completed if a plan is secured to improve repondents' understanding of the questions before a caries prevention program is developed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.171-184
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• 2005

In order to investigate correlation between mother's dental ca re for her children and their dental caries, this study was conducted wi th the dental examination record of 365 children who showed the same number of questionnaires with those examined for dental conditions and questionnaires written by mothers among children between three and six years of age and their mothers in Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi province in June 2004 to estimate frequency and percentage of general properties of subjects and mother's oral health care behaviors for her children by research items, to carry out cross-tabulation analysis and correlation analysis following Chi-square distribution for the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and oral health care behaviors, and to use decision tree analysis among data mining techniques for those factors associated with the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth, and drew the following conclusions. 1. For mother's oral health care behaviors and attitudes for her children, 225 mothers(61.6%) confirmed their children's teeth-brushing; 278(76.2%) used no fluorine; and 286(78.6%) observed their children's teeth, 322 mothers(88.2%) instructed their children in teeth-brushing while 268 (73.4%) provided dental care, 232 mothers(63.7%) treated their children's cavity; 290(79.4%) believed that their children had good dental conditions; and 294(80.5%) answered that they began to provide their children with dental care in deciduous teeth. 2. As for the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth and dental health care behaviors, there were statistically significant differences in employment, confirmation after teeth-brushing, teeth observation, instruction in time for teeth-brushing, use of fluorine, cavity treatment, time for dental care, and perception of dental conditions(p<0.05). 3. As for correlation between dental caries in deciduous teeth and oral health care behaviors, mothers who worked, who believed that their children didn't have good dental condition, and who thought that it was necessary to begin to provide dental care in permanent teeth were found to get their children to suffer from dental caries in deciduous teeth. Besides, those who failed to confirm teeth-brushing, who used no fluorine, and who failed to observe teeth and gave no instruction in time for teeth-brushing were shown to get their children to suffer from dental caries in deciduous teeth. 4. Variables to determine the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth were classified by cavity treatment, mother's employment, time for dental care, and observation of children's teeth. The first node to determine the presence of dental caries in deciduous teeth was found to be cavity treatment; the next criteria for classification after cavity treatment were shown to be mother's employment and time for dental care. In case of children with no cavity, they were found to be mother's employment and teeth observation.