• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-28
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• 2021

Recently, the fire safety of road tunnels has been important issues in South Korea. However, proper fire safety regulations has not made for road tunnels. Due to geographical challenges in South Korea, road tunnels should be constructed to secure stable traffic flows. In the Guidelines for Installing and Managing Disaster Prevention Facilities of Road Tunnels (NFSC 603), main target vehicles are passenger cars. This guidelines cannot support big fires from larger vehicles such as cargo, oil trucks. In this study, fire safety for a road tunnel in port area was analyzed with fire dynamics theory under cargo truck fire scenario. Sujunsan road tunnel in Busan city was chosen as a target tunnel, which links between Busan port and highways to increase cargo shipping. The results show the limitations of present guidelines (NFSC 603) for road tunnel from large fire situations.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.946-952
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• 2013

Large scale fire tests were conducted to develop water mist nozzles as a component of fixed water- based fire fighting systems for Ro-Ro spaces and special category spaces. Fire scenarios for this system consist of two cases which are for cargo fire in a simulated truck and for passenger vehicle fire, and each case has 3 different tests according to the position between fixed water mist nozzles and fire source. Every experiment proceeded for 30 minutes and acceptance criteria were based on gas temperature, fuel package's damage and ignition of targets. This study primarily dealt with the experimental results of cargo fire and focused on fire suppression capability in accordance with discharge pressure, flow rate and flow characteristics like swirl and penetration of the developed water mist nozzles. It appeared that low pressure water mist nozzles with about 40 L/min were able to control fire occurred in Ro-Ro spaces.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.87-87
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• 2018

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.121-139
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• 2005

The case, Papera Traders Co. Ltd. and Others v. Hyundai Merchant Marine Co. Ltd and Another(The Eurasian Dream), was occurred on July, 1998 when the ISM Code became mandatory under SOLAS and from that date it applied to oil tankers, chemical tankers, gas carriers, bulk carriers and cargo high-speed craft of 500 gross tonnage and above. On July 23, 1998, a fire started on the deck of pure car carrier Eurasian Dream while in port at Sharjah. The source of fuel was the stevedores action of pouring petrol or transferring fuel in some way - refueling or pouring into a carburettor. The fire eventually destroyed or damaged the vessels cargo of new and second-hand vehicles and rendered the vessel itself a constructive total loss. Justice Cresswell held that the fire that destroyed or damaged the cargo was due to the unseaworthiness of the vessel they have the burden of proving that the vessel was unseaworthy before and at the beginning of the voyage and that the loss or damage was caused by that unseaworthiness. This case was a dispute between dependent and claimant alleging that the carrier should provide "properly man, equip and supply the ship and keep the ship so manned" under Hague-Visby Rules. Although ISM code was not officially applied to the carriage by car carriers until July 2002, a rule based on the code had customarily been employed as a mean for international dispute resolution. Examining the above case closely, the purpose of this study is to explore the relation of ship management and obligation to exercise due diligence in making the vessel seaworthy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.155-156
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• 2006

Developed and conducted a performance test of the Water mist system that is satisfied with the requirement of a fire test requiring Class 3 Engine Mock-up exceeding net volume $3,000m^3$ as per IMO's MSC/Circ. 668 Appendix B(Test method for fire testing equivalent water-based fire-extinguishing systems for machinery spaces of category A and cargo pump rooms).Even though fuel atomizing was continued for 15 sec. after stopping of the system according to the test method relating to the atomizing fire type, no fire was reignited. This result shows the excellence of the system. There was no damage to the contents of the system after the test.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.363-366
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• 2006

Various kinds of ships(Cargo ship, Passenger ship, Training ship, Special ship etc.) are operated to transport cargo or passengers at sea in the world. Most of the important auxiliary machinery which is installed are fluid machinery in those ships. A large percentage of fluid machinery is pumps which are classified turbo and non-turbo type. While much previous research has focused on pumps for shore use, very little is known about ship's pump. In order to develop an understanding of ship's pump, we introduce common pumps used in every ship and special pumps based on ship's type. This exploratory study lays the groundwork for further investigation of ship's pumps

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.79-85
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• 2015

Onboard fire extinguishing system is important to protect cargo and human lives and every oil tanker has foam type fire extinguishing system. Because of environmental problem, agent which contains materials such as Perfluorinated compounds are regulated and the development of the environmental friendly agent is required. The protein foam has less environmental pollution problem and has an excellent fire extinguish performance to oil fire. In the research, bivalency metal salts were added as stabilizer to increase fire resistance and stability of the foam. Ferrous sulfate, Iron chloride and Nickel chloride were used and to adjust to vessel, sea water was applied. As a stabilizer increased, the expansion ratio was raised. However 25% drainage time was decreased over 2.0 wt.% which is knowable that the foam brokes easily. The amount of generated foam was measured to check fluidity of foam and it appeared that when $FeSO_4$ 1.2 wt.% was added, the amount of generated foam reached large and also the 25% drainage time was high. To evaluate the fire extinguishing performance for oil fire, the small scale oil fire test was executed. When $FeSO_4$ 1.2 wt.% was added, fire extinguishing time was in its shortest which informs fluidity of foam and stability are important factors on fire extinguishing efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.203-210
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• 1997

Reports of explosions in cargo and storage tanks of high flash point liquids such as residual fuel oil, asphalt, and oily waste water have shown that these explosions have occurred even when the liquid temperatures are well below the liquid nominal flash point. The reasons for these seemingly paradoxical explosions are reviewed and results of recent laboratory tests are presented to better define the conditions leading to flammable vapor atmospheres in these tanks. The potential effectiveness of various prevention measures are discussed including inerting, monitoring tank vapor concentrations, and periodic cleaning of condensation and deposits on the tank walls and roof.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.99-110
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• 2023

When a fire accident accompanied by an explosion occurs, the surrounding firewalls are affected by impact and thermal loads. Damaged firewalls due to accidental loads may not fully perform their essential function. Therefore, this paper proposes an advanced methodology for evaluating the fire resistance performance of firewalls damaged by explosions. The fragments were assumed to be scattered, and fire occurred as a vehicle exploded in a large compartment of a roll-on/roll-off (RO-RO) vessel. The impact velocity of the fragments was calculated based on the TNT equivalent mass corresponding to the explosion pressure. Damage and thermal-structural response analyses of the firewall were performed using Ansys LS-DYNA code. The fire resistance reduction was analyzed in terms of the temperature difference between fire-exposed and unexposed surfaces, temperature increase rate, and reference temperature arrival time. The degree of damage and the fire resistance performance of the firewalls varied significantly depending on impact loads. When naval ships and RO-RO vessels that carry various explosive substances are designed, it is reasonable to predict that the fire resistance performance will be degraded according to the explosion characteristics of the cargo.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.269-269
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• 2012