• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2001

This paper presents a position control of a platform at the seaport cargo handling system. After brief description of the operating principles of the cargo handling system, the governing equation of the moving platform is derived. The equation is described in the state space model, and a robust H$_{\infty}$ controller to achieve position tracking of the moving platform. which can carry 200ton of containers, is formulated. In the synthesis of the controller, the weight of the container is treated as uncertain parameter. Both regulating and tracking control responses are analyzed for the loading and unloading procedures of the proposed automatic cargo handling system.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.35-55
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• 1989

Today, about 99% of total import and export cargo in Korea is being transported through the port. The general trends of cargo handling show increases in capacity and speed, In order to cope with these trends, it is not only required to raise the efficiencies of port operation and function but also necessary to decide the optimal amount of the skilled labor force for cargo handling in the port. Cargo handling in the port is basically relied on the cargo handling facilities. Therefore, it is very important to reserve the amount of labor force for cargo handling system has been developed up to a certain level but the personnel management system which is the superior structure has not been followed well. In this study, therefore, we show a method to determine the required amount of labor force for cargo handling considering the amount of cargo and type of cargo handling work per each cargo, and the optimal amount labor force in cope with the fluctuation of the basic cargo handling labor force with respect to the time of in and out cargo flow in the viewpoint of minimizing the expences due to reservation of extra labor force than needed and firing employment of labor force using the Dynamic Programming. The derived algorithm is introduced into the computer simulation for Pusan port with the analyzed real data such as amount of cargo handling in the port with respect to working hour, cargo capacity, working step, the ratio of cargo handling facility and actual number of workers and we estimated the required labor force. As a result of analysis the labor force of Pusan port showed the over-employment such as maximum 21.4%, minimum 8.2% when we assumed that the averages of actual working hours and days were 8 hours in a day and 20 day in a month.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2009

The port, differently from general working place, is a closed area to execute security, customs, and quarantine procedures. The loading and unloading is being done differently by cargoes, ships, berths, and equipments. To load and unload a lot of equipments and different types of labor are required, in which work flow is very complicated. As above mentioned the port is very unique and deteriorated working place including danger. Now frequency of cargo handling accidents in port is highest for the second time among all industries. The purpose of this study is to propose ways to analyze and establish the preventive measure for cargo handling accidents in port. We have collected 45 accidents happened at Incheon Port during the period from 2007 to 2009. And the result of analysis, we proposed the new safety management system and safety education to reduce cargo handling accidents and to promote the quality of cargo handling in Incheon Port. Within the framework of effective safety management of cargo handling in port, this study will help to revise and establish system, education, and standard working manual with respect to the port loading and unloading system.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1991

This paper aims to determining the optimal capacity of Pusan port in view point of Container Physical Distribution cost. It has been established a coast model of the container physical distribution system in Pusan port is composed of 4 sub-systems and in-land transport system. Cargo handling system, transfer & storage system and in-land transport system, and analyzed the cost model of the system. From this analysis, we found that the system had 7 routes including in-land transport by rail or road and coastal transport by feeder ship between Pusan port and cargo owner's door. Though railway transport cost was relatively cheap, but, it was limited to choose railway transport routes due to the introducing of transport cargo allocation practice caused by shortage of railway transport capacity. The physical distribution ost for total import & export container through Pusan port was composed of 4.47% in port entring cost, 12.98% in cargo handling cost, 7.44% in transfer & storage cost and 75.11% in in-land transport cost. Investigation in case of BCTOC verified the results as follows. 1) The optimal level of one time cargo handling was verified 236VAN (377TEU) and annual optimal handling capacity was calculated in 516, 840VAN(826, 944TEU) where berth occupancy is $\rho$=0.6 when regardless of port congestion cost, 2) The optimal level of one time cargo handling was verified 252VAN (403TEU) and annual optimal handling capacity was calculated in 502, 110VAN (803, 376TEU) where berth occupancy is $\rho$=0.58 when considering of port congestion cost.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.812-821
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• 2009

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회 논문집(Proceeding of the KOSME 2000 Spring Annual Meeting)
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• pp.28-35
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• 2000

For the merit of a container in transportation and cargo handling the amount of container freight has been continuously on the increase. On the other hand container crane had got the bottle neck in cargo handling due to low productivity so that freight congestion had been often occurred at ports. in this paper A mathematical model for container crane system is represented a method for designing a fuzzy controller of container crane system for high productivity in cargo handling is presented. The fuzzy controller is compared with other optimal controller at the same condition. in the computer simulation the fuzzy controller obtained an excellent response to reference change better than the optimal controller. For disturbance such as a strong storm and parameter change due to change of cargo weight the result was also stable and robust than the optimal controller.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.1041-1046
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• 2005

This paper describes a system for LNG carrier's loading and discharging work education. This system consists of three modules(cargo work simulation, ballast work simulation and loading calculation module), and could be a useful to train mariners boarding on LNG carrier so as to take a suitable action while their ship maneuvering and cargo handling.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.114-129
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• 2010

부산항은 세계 주요 항만에 비해 컨테이너화물 취급 중심의 기능을 수행하는 항만이며, 기피화물과 같은 일반화물의 취급 비중이 매우 낮은 항만이다. 즉, 2008년도에 1,329만 TEU의 컨테이너화물 처리실적을 기록한 부산항은 전체 컨테이너화물 중량은 1억 1,305만 톤에 달하지만, 일반화물의 중량은 1,531만톤으로 컨테이너화물 비율이 88.1%를 차지하였다. 그러나 기피화물의 유치 및 취급 증대를 통해 부가가치를 창출할 시점에 와있다. 본래 기피화물은 처음부터 기피화물은 아니었다. 어떻게 보면 국가 기간산업에 반드시 필요한 전략물자로서 매우 중요한 고부가가치 화물이었다. 그런데 취급하다 보니 컨테이너화물에 비해 환경문제, 취급상의 특수성, 수급불안으로 인한 수지타당성의 불확실성 등으로 인해 기업(선사 포함)은 취급을 꺼려하여 기피화물이 된 것이다. 그러나 현재 기피화물로 분류된 품목 등은 국가 기간산업에, 또는 국민생활에 반드시 필요한 전략적인 물자이다. 또한 현시점에서 어떻게 보면 고부가가치화물이다. 따라서 기피화물 유치 마케팅을 통한 기피화물 취급 증대와 이를 효율적으로 취급하여 줄 수 있는 체제, 즉 전용항만부두의 건설과 시설 및 장비의 현대화, 품목별 물류단지의 조성을 통한 보관 취급 장소의 안정적 확보, 효율적 정보처리, 유관기관간의 SCM구축을 통한 긴밀한 협조가 필요한 시점이다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2006

The port, differently from general working place, is a closed area to execute security, customs, and quarantine procedures. The loading and unloading is being done differently by cargoes, ships, berths, and equipments. To load and unload a lot of equipments and different types of labor are required, in which work flow is very complicated. As above mentioned the port is very unique and deteriorated working place including danger. The purpose of this thesis is to propose ways to analyze and establish the preventive measure for cargo handling accidents in port. We have collected 923 accidents happened at Incheon Port during the period from 1994 to 2003. And to analyze and establish the preventive measure we have employed an advanced 6sigma DMAIC technology presently in spotlight as the best tool for management innovation. For the purpose of effective safety management of cargo handling in port, this thesis will help to revise and establish the law, system, standard, and standard working manual with respect to the port loading and unloading system. Now frequency of cargo handling accidents in port is highest for the second time among all industries, so we proposed the new safety management system to substitute port safety committee and to take full charge of safety in Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제23권11호
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• pp.1982-1992
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• 1999

This paper presents a novel concept of cargo handling system adapted for a sea port subjected to severe time-varying tide. The proposed system can perform loading or unloading by using a sort of hydraulic elevator associated with real-time position control. In order to achieve a proof-of-concept, a small-sized laboratory model of the cargo handling system is designed and built. The model consists of three principal components container palette transfer (CPT) car, platform with lifting columns, and cargo ship. The platform activated by electro-rheological (ER) valve-cylinders is actively controlled to track the position of the cargo ship subjected to be varied due to the time-varying tide and wave motion. Following the derivation of the dynamic model for the platform and cargo ship motions, an appropriate control scheme is formulated and implemented. The location of the CPT car is sensed by a set of photoelectric switches and controlled via sequence controller. On the other hand, a sliding mode controller (SMC) is adopted as the position controller for the platform. Both simulated and measured control results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed cargo system.