• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.493-502
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• 2006

양돈에 있어서 도살체중은 가장 중요한 경제 요인 중의 하나이다. 본 연구는 성장효율과 도체 품질에 크게 영향을 미치지 않고 비육돈의 도살체중을 130kg으로 증가시킬 수 있을 지의 여부를 알아보기 위해 착수되었다. 경남 지역에서 비육돈으로 가장 널리 사용되고있는 정육형 (Yorkshire×Landrace)×Duroc(YLD) 3원 교잡종 암퇘지 160두와 거세돼지 160두를 생체중 90kg에 선발하여 2(성)×2(도살체중; 110 vs. 130kg) ‘factorial’ 실험설계 하에 16돈방에 배치하였다. 공시돈에게는 3,200kcal/kg의 가소화 에너지와 15.5%의 조단백질을 함유하는 공시사료를 무제한 급여하였고, 계획된 체중에 도달하였을 때 도축하여 부분육 수율과 배최장근의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 일당증체량은 거세돼지가 암퇘지보다 높았으나(0.86 vs. 0.79kg; P<0.01) 110kg 대비 130kg 도살체중 구 사이에는 차이가 없었다(0.83 vs. 0.81kg; P>0.05). 등지방두께는 암퇘지와 거세돼지 공히 130kg 도살체중 구가 110kg 도살체중 구보다 높았다(암: 17.6 vs. 21.6mm, 거세: 20.8 vs. 25.1mm). 정육중 삼겹살 비율은 거세돼지가 암퇘지보다 높았고(21.2 vs. 20.5%) 130kg 도살체중 구(21.4%)가 110kg 도살체중 구(20.2%)보다 높았다. 배최장근의 색깔, 48󰠏시간 육즙삼출율, 24󰠏시간 pH, 조단백질 및 조지방 함량 등의 이화학적 특성은 두 성간 혹은 두 도살체중간 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 110kg 대비 130kg 출하돈의 한계수익은 두당 약 󰠏20,000원에 달하였는데, 이 같은 손실은 거의 전적으로 130kg 출하돈의 도체가 너무 커 A, B 도체 등급의 도체중 상한선을 초과했기 때문이다. 그러나 만일 도체중 상한선이 철폐된다는 조건으로 계산하면 130kg 출하돈당 20,000원 이상의 한계수익이 발생할 수 있을 것으로 추정되었다. 이상의 결과는 정육형 비육돈에서는 성장효율이나 육질에 크게 영향을 미치지 않고 도살체중을 130kg까지 증가시킬 수 있고, 따라서 체중이 큰 출하돈을 수용하기 위해서는 ‘좋은 등급’의 도체중 상한선을 증가시킬 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2007

본 연구는 비육돈 사료내 구리와 아연의 수준별 급여가 생산성, 영양소 소화율, 육질 및 도체 특성에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종$(Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc)$ 비육돈 72두를 공시하였으며, 시험개시 시의 체중은 58.47 kg이었다. 시험설계는 $2{\times}3$ 요인설계(Cu $level{\times}Zn$ level)에 의해 6개 처리로 하여 처리당 3반복, 반복당 4두씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 구리와 아연의 공급원은 각각 Cu-methionine chelate와 Zn-methionine chelate 이었으며, 사료내 함량은 각각 10, 30 및 60 ppm과 80 및 120 ppm 이었다. 전체사양시험기간 동안 ADG와 ADFI에서는 구리 함량, 아연 함량 및 상호작용에 대한 유의한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 사료효율에서는 유의한 상호작용이 나타났는데(p<0.05), 구리와 아연함량이 각각 30과 120 ppm일때 가장 높게 나타났다. 건물 소화율에서는 구리 함량(p<0.02), 아연 함량(p<0.01) 및 상호작용(p<0.04)에 대한 유의한 효과가 나타났는데, 구리함량이 감소할수록 증가하였고, 아연 함량은 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 구리와 아연 함량이 각각 30과 120 ppm일 때 가장 높게 나타났다. 질소 소화율에서는 아연 함량(p<0.01)과 상호작용(p<0.03)에서 유의한 효과가 나타났는데, 아연 함량이 증가할수록 증가하였고 구리와 아연 함량이 각각 30과 120 ppm일때 가장 높게 나타났다. 명도를 나타내는 $L^*-$값, 전단력, 가열감량 및 pH에서는 유의한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 적색도를 나타내는 $a^*-$값 (p<0.04)과 황색도를 나타내는 $b^*-$값 (p<0.01)에서는 아연함량에 대한 효과가 나타났는데, 사료내 아연 함량이 감소할수록 증가하였다. 보수력에서는 유의한 상호작용이 나타났는데(p<0.01), 구리와 아연 함량이 각각 10과 120 ppm일 때 가장 높게 나타났다. 도체중, 등지방 두께, 도체등급에서는 유의한 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 도체율에서는 유의한 상호작용이 나타났는데(p<0.04), 구리와 아연 함량이 각각 30과 120 ppm일때 가장 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 비육돈 사료내 구리와 아연의 함량이 각각 30 ppm과 120 ppm일때 사료효율, 영양소 소화율 및 도체율을 개선시켰으면 각가 10 ppm과 120 ppm일때 보수력을 개선시켰다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.1628-1633
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• 2005

Three hundred and twenty four one day old mixed sex broiler chicks were assigned at random into 9 treatment groups. The experimental design was a 3${\times}$3 factorial arrangement. During the starter period (week 1-3), chicks were fed ad libitum. A cornsoybean meal based diet contained 23% crude protein, 3,200 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (NRC, 1994), and supplemented with organic or inorganic forms of chromium. Two organic chromium products, chromium yeast (Cr-Yeast from Alltech Biotechnology Corporation Limited) and chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) were supplemented at the rate of 200, 400 and 800 ppb. One inorganic product, chromium chloride, was supplemented at the rate of 200, 400 and 800 ppb. During the finishing period (week 4-7), the corn-soybean meal based diet contained 20% crude protein, 3,200 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (NRC, 1994), and the same levels of chromium as in the starter period were added. No significant difference was observed among treatment groups in average daily gain, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. The carcass percentage of broilers receiving 200 and 400 ppb organic chromium (Cr-Yeast or Cr-Pic) was significantly increased (p<0.01). In addition, the supplementation of organic chromium reduced (p<0.05) breast meat fat content but increased breast meat protein content. The addition of chromium in the diet had no effect on boneless breast, skinless boneless breast, boneless leg, skinless boneless leg but reduced percentage of sirloin muscle. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced by organic Cr supplementation. Supplementation with 200 and 400 ppb of both Cr-Yeast and Cr-Pic showed the lowest total cholesterol. The effects of type of Cr on HDL and LDL were variable, however, LDL increased with increasing level of Cr supplementation. This trial indicates that organic chromium tended to improve growth performances and carcass composition, reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides. The optimum level of organic chromium supplementation was at 200 ppb.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.609-615
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• 2014

Appetite-related neuropeptides proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) are essential for regulating feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of variants in POMC and NPY genes on growth, carcass and meat quality traits in rabbits. A total of six SNPs were identified for POMC (n = 2) and NPY (n = 4) genes by direct sequencing. Three SNPs were subsequently genotyped by using MassArray system (Sequenom iPLEXassay) in 235 individuals, which belong to three meat rabbit breeds, including 93 Ira rabbits; 81 Champagne rabbits and 61 Tianfu black rabbits. The SNP c.112-12G>T was in intron-exon boundaries (intron 1) of POMC gene, and the association analysis showed that individuals with TT genotype had a greater 84 d body weight (BW84), eviscerated weight and semi-eviscerated weight than those with GT genotype (p<0.05); the TT individuals were also higher than those GG in the ripe meat ratio (RMR) (p<0.05). The g.1778G>C SNP, which was in complete linkage with other three SNPs (g.1491G>A, g.1525G>T and g.1530C>T) in intron 1 of NPY gene, was significantly correlated with eviscerated slaughter percentage and semi-eviscerated slaughter percentage in rabbits, and the individuals with CC genotype had a better performance than CG genotype (p<0.05). These findings would provide primary clues for the biological roles of POMC and NPY underlying the rabbit growth-related traits.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1485-1489
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• 2007

Achaete-scute like 2 (ASCL2) gene encodes a member of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor which is essential for the maintenance of proliferating trophoblasts during placental development. ASCL2 gene preferentially expresses the maternal allele in the mouse. However, it escapes genomic imprinting in the human. In this study, the complete open reading frame consisting of 193 amino acids of ASCL2 gene was obtained. Sequence analysis indicated that a C-G mutation existed in the 3' region between Meishan and Large White pigs. The polymorphism was used to determine the monoallelic or biallelic expression with RT-PCR-RFLP in pigs of Large $White{\times}Meishan$ $F_1$ hybrids. Imprinting analysis indicated that the ASCL2 gene expression was biallelic in all the tested tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, small intestine, skeletal muscle, fat, uterus, ovary and pituitary). PCR-RFLP was used to detect the polymorphism in 270 pigs of the "$Large\;White{\times}Meishan$" $F_2$ resource population. The statistical results showed highly significant associations of the genotypes and fat meat percentage (FMP), lean meat percentage (LMP) and ratio of lean to fat (RLF) (p<0.01), and significant associations of the genotypes and loin eye area (LEA) and internal fat rate (IFR) (p<0.05).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.1391-1394
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• 2002

The polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in 13 pig breeds (total n=559) was detected by PCR-Hha I- RFLP, and allele A (151 bp and 28 bp) or allele B (116 bp, 35 bp and 28 bp) were observed. In these pig breeds, it was found that European pig breeds carried high frequencies of allele B, while Chinese native pig breeds carried high frequencies of allele A. Meanwhile the role of porcine IGF-I was investigated in 117 Nanchang White pigs and 360 Large Yorkshire pigs. Eight traits about growth and carcass were recorded for analyzing the associations between IGF-I gene polymorphism and performance quantitative traits. In the Nanchang White pigs, those with AA genotype generally had higher birth weight than those with AB genotype (p<0.05), but all these genotypes had no significant effect on the other traits which had been analyzed. In Large Yorkshire pigs, those with BB genotype had higher 2 months and 6 months body weight than those with AA genotype (p<0.05), and had a thicker hind-back-fat thickness and mid-back-thickness than those with AB and BB genotypes (p<0.05). And those with BB genotype were the thinnest in Large Yorkshire. Furthermore, pigs with AA genotype had a lower lean percentage than those with AB and BB genotypes (p<0.01), and the lean percentage of those with BB genotype was the highest. Based on these results, it is possible to make the IGF-I gene locus into the application of marker-assisted selection programmes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1296-1303
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• 2000

A series of four experiments was conducted to compare nutritional values of decorticated sunflower meals against soybean meal, in diets for pigs from weaning (Exp. 1 and 2) to finishing (Exp. 3 and 4). All experimental diets were prepared compensating for the energy content by using vegetable oil and the lysine content was matched using synthetic L-Lysine HCl. Twenty-one day old pigs were fed either corn-soybean meal based diet (CSBM) or corn- twice-decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CDSM) for four weeks (Exp. 1). There was no difference in performances between treatment groups. In Exp. 2, corn-non-decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CNSM) was added to the existing two treatments. Twenty-one day old pigs were fed three experimental diets for four weeks. Pigs fed CNSM had a lower weight gain and feed intake than other treatments (p<0.05). There was no difference between pigs fed CSBM and CDSM (Exp. 2). Growth performance of growing pigs was also greater (p<0.05) in pigs fed corn starch-twice- decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CSDSM) than pigs fed corn starch-non-decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CSNSM) during the eight week feeding trial (Exp. 3). There was no difference between pig fed corn starch-soybean meal based diet (CSSBM) and CSDSM (Exp. 3). In Exp. 4, growing pigs were fed three experimental diets (CSBM, CDSM, and barley-twice- decorticated sunflower meal based diet; BDSM) until the slaughter. There was no difference in growth performance of pigs during growing and finishing periods among treatments. However, pigs fed CSBM had a higher carcass dressing percentage (p<0.05) than pigs fed CDSM and BDSM. Pigs fed BDSM diet had a lower fat tissue percentage than other groups (p<0.05). The twice-decorticated sunflower meal can be used as a substitute for soybean meal in pig diets. The performances of piglets and growing-finishing pigs were not affected when soybean meal was replaced by twice-decorticated sunflower meal. This substitution needs the contribution of synthetic lysine and vegetable oil as sources of complementary nutrients to match the nutrient profile.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.621-632
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• 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementation with rumen-protected γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on carcass characteristics and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Methods: Eighteen Hanwoo steers with an average initial weight of 644.83±12.91 kg were randomly allocated into three different groups. Each group consisted of 6 animals that were treated with different diets formulated based on the animals' body weights. The control (C) group was fed a basal diet consisting of concentrate and rice straw with 74% total digestible nutrients (TDNs) and 12% crude protein (CP). The two other groups were treatment groups; one group was fed a basal diet (74% TDNs and 12% CP) supplemented with rumen-protected GABA at a dose of 150 mg/kg feed, and the other group was fed a basal diet (74% TDNs and 12% CP) supplemented with GABA at a dose of 300 mg/kg feed. Results: The GABA supplementation significantly contributed to better growth performance (p<0.05), especially the weight gain and average daily gain. It also contributed to the lower cooking loss (p<0.05), improvements in essential antioxidant enzymes and stable regulation of antioxidant activities in the longissimus lumborum of Hanwoo steers, as represented by the lower formation of malondialdehyde content within the meat, the inhibition of myoglobin oxidation indicated by the retention of the oxymyoglobin percentage, and the suppression of metmyoglobin percentage during cold storage (p<0.05). Conclusion: Higher doses of GABA may not significantly promote better animal performance and meat quality, suggesting that dietary supplementation with GABA at a dose of 100 ppm is sufficient to improve the meat quality of Hanwoo steers.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.584-590
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• 2023

Objective: This research aimed to explore the changes in the observed abdominal sagging index (ASI) and reproductive performance of Roman male and female geese during the breeding period. Methods: The 339 six-month-old breeding geese (109 male; 230 female) were used in this study, in which five male and five female geese were slaughtered on a monthly basis to record the ASI. Results: The short diameter of the testes of the male goose when the female goose lays eggs and in the second, third, and fourth months was significantly wider than in the fifth months (19.0, 20.8, 21.4, and 19.6 vs 12.7 and 14.0 mm/bird; p = 0.0105). On the other hand, the testicular weight of the male goose in the second and third months after the female goose lays eggs was significantly higher than that in the second and fifth months after laying (0.33% and 0.37% vs 0.11% and 0.19%; p = 0.0212). During the exploring period, the length and weight of the fallopian tube, the weight of the ovary, the number of follicles in 2 to 3 cm, the number of follicles in 3 to 4 cm, the fallopian tube weight in the carcass weight percentage, and the ovary weight in the carcass weight percentage all demonstrated a significant curve response. Further, female ASI was positively correlated with reproductive tract length (r = 0.815; p<0.05) and egg production per female (r = 0.790; p<0.05). Conclusion: The ASI classification method is more objective and easy to distinguish. This scoring method has a high correlation with the number of eggs laid by each goose and the length of the reproductive tract, inferring that the goose observation could take advantage of ASI during egg-laying and can predict the reproductive system development during the laying period and determine when the breeding goose begins to lay eggs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2005

This study was conducted to determine the optimum substitution level of dried leftover food (DLF) in formula feed for Hanwoo (Korean Native Cattle) steers. A total of forty growing steers were assigned to 5 treatments based on substitution level of DLF (at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% level of formula feed). The experiment was carried out with growing steers from 6 months of age to 24 months of age. Average daily gain (ADG) was not affected by DLF substitution level up to 75% of formula feed. However ADG decreased at 100% substitution level. Daily feed intakes were similar among treatments but the amount of feed per 1 kg gain increased with increasing substitution level of DLF. Dressing percentage was around 62% in all treatments without any significant differences. Proportion of quality beef higher than grade 1 was the greatest from animals fed 25% substitution level of DLF. Economic efficiency for Hanwoo steer operator was the highest with 50% substitution level of DLF.