Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Effects of Various Sources and Levels of Chromium on Performance of Broilers

  • Suksombat, Wisitiporn (School of Animal Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology) ;
  • Kanchanatawee, S. (School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology)
  • Received : 2004.11.11
  • Accepted : 2005.05.23
  • Published : 2005.11.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Three hundred and twenty four one day old mixed sex broiler chicks were assigned at random into 9 treatment groups. The experimental design was a 3${\times}$3 factorial arrangement. During the starter period (week 1-3), chicks were fed ad libitum. A cornsoybean meal based diet contained 23% crude protein, 3,200 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (NRC, 1994), and supplemented with organic or inorganic forms of chromium. Two organic chromium products, chromium yeast (Cr-Yeast from Alltech Biotechnology Corporation Limited) and chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) were supplemented at the rate of 200, 400 and 800 ppb. One inorganic product, chromium chloride, was supplemented at the rate of 200, 400 and 800 ppb. During the finishing period (week 4-7), the corn-soybean meal based diet contained 20% crude protein, 3,200 kcal/kg metabolizable energy (NRC, 1994), and the same levels of chromium as in the starter period were added. No significant difference was observed among treatment groups in average daily gain, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. The carcass percentage of broilers receiving 200 and 400 ppb organic chromium (Cr-Yeast or Cr-Pic) was significantly increased (p<0.01). In addition, the supplementation of organic chromium reduced (p<0.05) breast meat fat content but increased breast meat protein content. The addition of chromium in the diet had no effect on boneless breast, skinless boneless breast, boneless leg, skinless boneless leg but reduced percentage of sirloin muscle. Total cholesterol and triglycerides were reduced by organic Cr supplementation. Supplementation with 200 and 400 ppb of both Cr-Yeast and Cr-Pic showed the lowest total cholesterol. The effects of type of Cr on HDL and LDL were variable, however, LDL increased with increasing level of Cr supplementation. This trial indicates that organic chromium tended to improve growth performances and carcass composition, reduced total cholesterol and triglycerides. The optimum level of organic chromium supplementation was at 200 ppb.

Keywords

References

  1. Anderson, R. A. 1986. Chromium metabolism and its role in disease processes in man. Clin. Physiol. Biochem. 4:31.
  2. Anderson, R. A., N. K. Bryden and M. M. Polansky. 1985. Serum chromium of human subjects: effects of chromium supplementation and glucose metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 41:571.
  3. Anderson, R. A., M. M. Polansky, N. K. Bryden, S. J. Bhathena, and J. J. Canary. 1987. Effects of supplemental chromium on patients with symptoms of reactive hypoglycemia. Metabolism. 38:351.
  4. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official Method of Analysis (15th Edition). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington DC, USA.
  5. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1997. Official Method of Analysis (16th Edition). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, MD. USA.
  6. Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics. 1985. Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics: Reflotron operator's manual. Boehringer Mannheim Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
  7. Evock-Clover, C. M., M. M. Polansky, R. A. Anderson and N. C. Steele. 1993. Dietary chromium supplementation with or without somatotropin treatment alters serum hormones and metabolites in growing pigs without affecting growth performance. J. Nutr. 123:1504-1512.
  8. Hossain, S. 1995. Effect of chromium yeast on performance and carcass quality of broilers. Alltech,s Eleventh Ann. Symp. Poster Presentation.
  9. Hossain, S. M., S. L. Barreto and C. G. Silva. 1998. Growth performance and carcass composition of broilers fed supplemental chromium from chromium yeast. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 71:217-228.
  10. Kim, Y. H., I. K. Han, Y. J Choi, L. S Shin, B. J. Chae and T. H. Kang. 1996. Effects of dietary levels of chromium picolinate on growth performance, carcass quality and serum traits in broiler chicks. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 9:341-347.
  11. Lien, T., S. Chen, S. Shiau, D. P. Froman and C. Y. Hu. 1994. Chromium picolinate reduces laying hen serum and egg yolk cholesterol. The Professional Animal Scientist 12:77-80.
  12. Lindemann, M. D., C. M. Wood, A. E. Harper, E. T. Kornegay and R. A. Anderson. 1995. Dietary chromium picolinate addition improve gain:feed and carcass characteristics in growingfinishing pigs and liter size in reproduction sows. J. Anim. Sci. 73:457-465.
  13. McCarty, M. F. 1991. The case for supplemental chromium and a survey of clinical studies with chromium picolinate. J. Appl. Nutr. 43:58.
  14. Mertz, W. 1993. Chromium in human nutrition: A review. J. Nutr. 123:626.
  15. Mooney, K. W. and G. Cromwell. 1995. Effects of dietary chromium picolinate supplementation on growth, carcass characteristics and accretion rates of carcass tissues in growing-finishing swine. J. Anim. Sci. 73:3351-3357.
  16. Moorandian, A. D. and J. E. Morley. 1987. Micronutrient status in diabetes mellitus. J. Clin. Nutr. 45:877-884.
  17. Mossop, R. T. 1983. Effect of chromium III on fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and cholesterol (HDL) in diabetics. Cent. Afr. J. Med. 29-80.
  18. National Research Council. 1994. Nutrition Requirements of Poultry (9th Edition). National Academy Press. Washington, DC.
  19. Page, T. G., L. L. Southern, T. L. Ward and Jr. D. L. Thompson. 1993. Effect of chromium picolinate on growth and serum and carcass traits of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 71:656-662.
  20. Riales, R. and M. J. Albrink. 1981. Effect of chromium chloride supplementation on glucose tolerance and serum lipids including high-density lipoprotein of adult men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34:2670.
  21. Rosenbrough, R. W. and N. C. Steele. 1981. Effect of Supplemental dietary chromium or nicotinic acid on carbohydrate metabolism during basal,starvation and refeeding period in poults. Poult. Sci. 60:407-417.
  22. Statistical Analysis System. 1985. SAS Users’ Guide: Statistics. NC: SAS Institute.
  23. Steel, R. G. D. and J. H. Torrie. 1986. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometric Approach (5th Ed). McGraw Hill International Book Company, New York. p. 633.
  24. Ward, T. L., L. L. Southern and S. L. Boleman. 1993. Effect of dietary chromium picolinate on growth, nitrogen balance and body composition of growing broiler chicks. Poult. Sci. 72(Suppl. 1):37.
  25. Wang, Z. 1995. Influence of supplemental chromium picolinate on nitrogen balance, dry matter digestibility and leanness in growing-finishing pigs. M.S. thesis. Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University.

Cited by

  1. availability study vol.25, pp.5, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030701678843
  2. Características produtivas e imunológicas de frangos de corte submetidos a dietas suplementadas com cromo, criados sob diferentes condições de ambiente vol.41, pp.5, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982012000500016
  3. Effects of Supplemental Vitamin C and Chromium on Metabolic and Hormonal Responses, Antioxidant Status, and Tonic Immobility Reactions of Transported Broiler Chickens vol.157, pp.3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-013-9879-1
  4. Effects of Chromium Methionine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Metabolites, Endocrine Parameters, Antioxidant Status, and Immune Traits in Growing Pigs vol.162, pp.1-3, 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-014-0147-9
  5. Effects of the supplemental chromium form on performance and oxidative stress in broilers exposed to heat stress vol.96, pp.12, 2017, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex249
  6. Effects of the supplemental chromium form on performance and metabolic profile in laying hens exposed to heat stress vol.97, pp.4, 2018, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex435
  7. Effect of Supplemental Chromium Levels on Performance, Digestibility and Carcass Characteristics of Transport-stressed Lambs vol.22, pp.8, 2005, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2009.80385
  8. Effects of different sources and levels of dietary chromium supplementation on performance of broiler chicks vol.91, pp.1, 2005, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13448
  9. Dietary Supplementation of Some Antioxidants as Attenuators of Heat Stress on Chicken Meat Characteristics vol.11, pp.7, 2005, https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070638