• Proceedings of the Korean Sanitation Conference
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• 2005.12a
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• pp.76-97
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• 2005

As the recent change of multiformity and taste in clination in eating habit culture is yearly in creasing foods used oil and fats. Because the frying food is especially important snack , it's safty is very essential. In order to know the safty and harmfulness of frying oil and fats. The 20 kinds samples were purchased chicken fried food shops around the north of seoul and kyunggi. The acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, TBA value, fatty acid, carbonyl value, and smoke point of deep fat fried oils were analyzed. Results of analyzed, A company of deep fat frying oil showed stability state and C company and B company of deep fat frying oil is acidification to turned. But D company of deep fat frying oil showed quite a bit acidification progressived of used hydrogenated oil.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.388-395
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• 2019

The object of the present study was to examine the effect of selenium-treated Spinacia oleracea L. on antioxidative defense system and oxidative damage in rats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diets. Experimental rats were divided into six groups which were composed of normal diet group (N), high-fat and high-cholesterol diet group (HF), high-fat and high-cholesterol diet with 5% or 10% non-treated spinach supplemented group (SPA or SPB) and high-fat and high-cholesterol diet with 5% or 10% selenium-treated spinach-supplemented group (SSA or SSB). In the antioxidant enzyme activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, activities increased in supplementation of non-treated or selenium-treated spinach groups compared to HF group. However, there was no significant difference in the activity of hepatic catalase among all experimental groups. The microsomal superoxide radical content of the SSB group was significantly reduced compared to the HF group. The mitochondrial carbonyl values of the SSB group were significantly reduced compared to the HF group. Thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) values in RBC and liver were also reduced in non-treated or selenium-treated spinach-supplemented groups compared to the HF group. The hepatic TBARS values of the supplementation of selenium-treated spinach groups significantly decreased compared to the supplementation of non-treated spinach groups. These results suggest that selenium-treated spinach may reduce oxidative damage by the activation of antioxidative defense system in rats fed high-fat and high-cholesterol diets.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.488-495
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible antioxidant effect of Spirodela polyrhiza (SP) on rats fed a high fat and high cholesterol diet supplemented with either 5% (SPA group) or 10% (SPB group) SP for 4 weeks. The hepatic SOD activity of the HF group significantly decreased compared to that of the N group, but that of the SPA and SPB groups significantly increased. The GPx activity of the SPA and SPB groups in the liver was significantly greater than that of the HF group, and the hepatic catalase activity of the SPA and SPB groups significantly increased compared to the HF group. The hepatic superoxide radical content of the mitochondria and microsomes of the HF group significantly increased compared to that of the N group, but the contents were reduced in the group that took SP powder. The hepatic hydrogen peroxide content in the cytosol and mitochondria of the SP powder group was lower than in the HF group. The carbonyl content in the mitochondria and microsomes of the SPA and SPB groups was significantly lower than in the HF group. The TBARS values in the liver significantly decreased in the SPA and SPB groups. Spirodela polyrhiza was thus effective in reducing oxidative stress by regulating the hepatic antioxidant enzymes and the free radicals in rats fed high fat and high cholesterol diets.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2003

4-Vinyl-1-cyclohexene diepoxide (VCE)/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy blends with benzylquinoxalinium hexafluoroanti-monate were cured using an electron-beam technique. The effect of DGEBA content to VCE on cure behavior, thermal stabilities, and mechanical properties was investigated. The composition of VCE/DGEBA blend system vaned within 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0:100 wt%. The cure behavior and thermal stability of the cured specimens was monited by near-infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Also, the critical stress intensity factor ($_{4}$) test of the cured specimens was performed to study the mechanical interfacial properties. As a result, the decreases of short side-chain structure and chain scission were observed in NIR measurements as the DGEBA content increases, resulting in varying the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. And, the initial decomposition temperature (IDT), temperature of maximum weight loss (T$\_$max/), and decomposition activation energy (E$\_$d/) as thermal stability factors were increased with increasing the DGEBA content. These results could be explained by mean of decreasing viscosity, stable aromatic ring structure, and grafted interpenetrating polymer network with increasing of DGEBA content. Also, the maximum $_{4}$ value showed at mixing ratio of 40:60 wt% in this blend system. in this blend system.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2014

Polyester polyols were synthesized by using each one mole of sebacic acid, isophthalic acid, ethylene glycol, and neopentyl glycol. The synthesized polyol had 56.6 mg KOH/g of hydroxy value and 1980 g/mole of molecular weight. From FT-IR structure analysis of polyester polyol, Hydroxy group(-OH) was observed around 3600 $cm^{-1}$, -CH shoulder of sebacic acid at 2950 $cm^{-1}$, carbony group of ester around 1730 $cm^{-1}$, and benzene ring of isophthalic ring was represented at 1600 $cm^{-1}$, 740 $cm^{-1}$. In case of polyurethane, hydroxy peak was showed at 3600 $cm^{-1}$, and -NH group around 3300 $cm^{-1}$, 1530 $cm^{-1}$. From $^1H$ NMR measurement of polyester polyol, it was found that sebacic acid was represented at 1.3, 1.5, 2.1 ppm, isophthalic acid at 7.3, 8.1, 8.7 ppm, ethylene glycol at 4.2 ppm, and neopentyl glycol at 0.8, 3.2, 3.9 ppm, respectively. In the polyurethane, it is almost the same as spectrum of polyester polyol, but showed very week peak at 7 ppm by benzene ring of toluene diisocyanate.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 1991

In present paper, we investigated the changes in lipid components of skipjack and Alaska pollack meat by thermal processing at high temperature. TBA values and peroxide values of both fish meats decreased markedly by heat treatment; decreasing range of TBA and peroxide values in skipjack meat was larger than those of Alaska pollack meat. Also carbonyl value of skipjack meat was decreased by thermal processing, contrary, that of Alaska pollack meat was increased. Total lipid(TL) of skipjack and Alaska pollack meat consisted of $61.9\%,\;49.6\%$ non-polar lipid(NL), $38.1\%,\;50.4\%$ polar lipid(PL), respectively. When the samples were heated at the Fo values of 5 or higher, contents of NL were increased, while that of PL were decreased. In fatty acid composition of NL and PL in both fishes, NL revealed higher contents in saturates and monoenes such as 16:0, 18:1, while PL showed higher contents in polyenes such as 20:5, 22:6; percentages of polyenes such as 22:6 especially in both fishes decreased with increasing of Fo values. The remaining ratio of PUFA(20:5+22:6/16:0) of Fo 20 samples in skipjack and Alaska pollack meat were $73\%$ and $65\%$, respectively. However, when the samples were heated at $98^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes, no appreciable changes occured in fatty acid composition of TL, NL and PL in both fish meats examined.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.491-499
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• 2014

Changes in various physicochemical and sensory characteristics of Samgyetang retorted at the $F_0$ values of 4.0 (F4), 7.0 (F7), and 10.0 (F10) were investigated during storage at $25^{\circ}C$ for 12 months. The pH level tended to decrease in all the treatments with the increase of the storage time, but no significant difference in the extent of the decrease was observed among the treatments. The values of volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric reactive substances, and carbonyl contents increased rapidly over the storage period in the order of F4 > F7 > F10. The viscosity decreased most sharply between month 0 and month 2, after which the rate of increase declined. The oxygen concentration in the headspace of the retort pouch of the Samgyetang was higher for the samples retorted at higher $F_0$ values. In the sensory tests, the scores of the samples retorted at higher $F_0$ values tended to be lower, but all the characteristics of the samples, except for the texture of the T10 samples, were evaluated with scores higher than 5.0, the limit of marketability, over the storage time. In conclusion, the quality of the Samgyetang samples treated at higher $F_0$ values deteriorated more noticeably during storage.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2013

In this paper the effect of UV (ultraviolet) exposure on HDPE (high density polyethylene)-smooth and f-PP (flexible polypropylene) geomembranes is evaluated under UVB-313 (ultraviolet wavelength 290-315 nm) exposure. Tensile property, melt flow index (MFI), oxidation induction time (OIT), both standard-OIT and high pressure-OIT and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/attenuated total reflectance (FTIR/ATR) results are discussed. Although tensile properties of the exposed geomembrane samples remained unchanged, the depletion of antioxidants was found higher for f-PP than for HDPE geomembrane. Arrhenius model by extrapolation was used on the data to predict the antioxidant lifetime to a typical site temperature of $20^{\circ}C$. There was no significant difference between the MFI value of the virgin and UV exposed HDPE geomembrane samples but a decrease in MFI was found in f-PP geomembrane that signifies that crosslinking has occurred. From FTIR spectra, the small peak (near $1750\;cm^{-1}$) observed in the spectrum of UV exposed sample corresponds to a carbonyl (C=O) linkage, which suggests that oxidation has occurred in the polymer structure, and another new band for f-PP between 3100 and $3500\;cm^{-1}$ is attributed to a hydroxyl bond and/or hydroperoxide bond.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.283-288
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• 1981

The antioxidant activity of ethanol-extracts of defatted soybean, sesame, and perilla flours was compared with that of 0.02% BHT in a soybean oil-water emulsion system. The emulsion substrates and control were stored at $46.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. The peroxide and TBA values of the substrates and control were determined regularly. The activity of the oilseed flour extracts and BHT was estimated by comparing the POV development of the substrates with that of the control. The POVs of the substrates containing the soybean, sesame, and perilla flour extracts and BHT and that of the control after 25 day storage were respectively $43.3{\pm}0.1,\;22.6{\pm}0.7,\;21.5{\pm}0.2,\;38.6{\pm}0.4,\;and\;80.1{\pm}0.8$. The TBA values after 20 day storage were $0.91{\pm}0.05,\;0.67{\pm}0.02,\;0.68{\pm}0.01,\;0.38{\pm}0.01,\;and\;0.62{\pm}0.01$ The soybean, sesame, and perilla flour extracts exhibited considerable antioxidant activity in the oil-water emulsion system. The activity of the sesame and perilla flour extracts was far stronger than that of 0.02% BHT in the emulsion system. The abnormally high TBA values of the oilseed flour extracts in the present study might be attributed to the interference of some carbonyl compounds in the extracts in the TBA value determination.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of mulberry fruit, mulberry leaves and silkworm powder with different mixing ratios on hepatic antioxidative system and lipid metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing $100{\pm}10g$ were induced diabetic by 50 mg/kg bw streptozotocin and randomly assigned to following experimental groups; normal diet group (DM), 0.3% and 0.6% mulberry fruit diet groups (F and 2F), 0.3% mulberry leaves diet group (M), 0.3% silkworm powder diet group (S), 0.15% mulberry fruit+0.15% mulberry leaves diet group (FM), 0.15% mulberry fruit+0.15% silkworm powder diet group (FS), 0.1 % mulberry fruit+0.1 % mulberry leaves+0.1% silkworm powder diet group (FMS). The experimental diets were fed for 4 weeks. Hepatic SOD activity was not changed significantly by any of single or combined supplementations of mulberry fruit, leaves and silkworm powder but GSH-px and catalase activities were increased by the groups supplemented with two or three of the test ingredients (FM, FS, FMS) as compared with the DM group. Hepatic TBARS value was not reduced significantly by any of the supplementations but lipofuscin contents were significantly reduced in the FM, FS and FMS groups as compared with the DM group. Hepatic mitochondria and microsomal carbonyl values were reduced by the single and combined supplementations of the test ingredients. Hepatic HMG-CoA reductase activities were increased in the all supplementation groups as compared with the DM group. Hepatic total lipid and triglyceride contents were increased but cholesterol contents reduced in the supplemented groups. The effects on the enzyme activities, peroxide or its products and lipid contents were most remarkable in the FMS group. In conclusion, mulberry fruit, mulberry leaves and silkworm powder have the favorable effects on antioxidative system and lipid metabolism in the diabetic liver and the mulberry fruit, leaves and silkworm powder with equal ratio exert the synergistic effect expectedly to prevent diabetic complications.