• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2016

본 연구는 4종의 별의별간(SS) 음료의 간보호 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 조사하고자 항산화능 평가, t-BHP 와 $CCl_4$로 산화적 손상 및 급성 간독성 유도한 in vitro, in vivo 모델을 활용하여 간보호능을 평가하였다. 실험결과, 별의별간 01~04는 $50{\mu}M$ vitamin C 와 유사한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. HepG2 세포에 t-BHP로 산화 스트레스를 유도한 뒤 나타나는 세포독성에 대해 별의별간 01 및 04에서 농도 의존적인 세포 보호효과를 보였으며, ROS 생성 억제에서 별의별간 01, 03, 04에서 농도의존적인 억제를 나타내었다. 미나리가 혼합된 별의별간 04에 대한 급성 간손상 in vivo 모델을 활용하여 간보호능 검증 결과, 별의별간 04는 $CCl_4$로 증가된 혈중 ALT, AST의 유의적 감소, 간 조직중 증가된 MDA 함량 감소 및 감소된 GSH의 유의적 증가를 나타내었다. 또한, 혈청 및 간 조직에서 증가된 중성지방과 콜레스테롤을 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과를 종합하며, 별의별간 04는 in vitro 및 in vivo 모델에서 산화적 손상에 대해 간보호 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1246-1251
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• 2004

본 실험은 사염화탄소 독성에 대한 몇 가지의 식물소재들- 솔잎, 콩나물, 인진쑥, 표고버섯 - 의 간보호 효과를 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 우선적으로 일차 간세포 배양실험에서 식물추출물(열수 또는 에탄올)을 첨가(20 mg/mL 배지)하고 2시간 후에 사염화탄소를 처리(50$\mu$L)한 결과, 배지내의 AST와 ALT 효소활성은 다음과 같았다. 솔잎은 에탄올 및 열수 추출물(P<0.05)에서, 표고버섯은 열수 추출물(p<0.01∼0.05)에서, 그리고 콩나물과 인진쑥은 추출방법에 따라 유의성 있는(p<0.01) 감소를 보였다. 또한, 3주간의 식물 추출물을 첨가한 사료를 사전급여하고 사염화탄소를 2일간 복강주사(1 mg/kg 체중)한 동물실험에서 혈청내의 AST 및 ALT 활성은 간세포 배양의 결과와 유사하게 솔잎과 콩나물에서 낮은 활성효과(p<0.01)를 보였다. 정상군에 대한 사염화탄소의 투여는 지질과산화물과 cytochrome P-450의 함량, 그리고 xanthine oxidase(XOD) 활성을 크게 증가시켰다. 그러나 식물소재 중에서 솔잎, 콩나물, 인진쑥 등을 추출물을 첨가한 실험군에 대한 사염화탄소 처리는 일반적으로 지질과 산화와 XOD 활성증가를 억제하는 것(p<0.01)으로 나타난 반면에, cytochrome P-450의 함량 증가는 솔잎과 인진쑥의 첨가군에서 관찰되었다. 따라서 본 실험에서 cytochrome P-430의 함량증가에 대한 식물 추출물들의 효과는 확실하지 않았지만, 솔잎과 콩나물의 추출물은 항산화관련 실험에서 대부분 탁월한 효과를 나타내었다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.105-111
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• 2004

녹차카테킨은 다양한 생리활성을 지닌 것으로 알려지고 있다. 본 실험에서는 사염화탄소와 갈락토사민으로 유발된 간독성에 대한 녹차카테킨의 간기증보호효과가 연구되었다. 녹차 카테킨(50 mg/kg와 100 mg/kg)은 사염화탄소 (0.5 ml/kg)와 갈락토사민(400 mg/kg)이 투여되기 전 그리고 투여후 3일동안 흰쥐에 경구투여되었고, 간기능지표로 AST와 ALT를 측정하였다. 녹차카테킨(50 mg/kg)은 사염화탄소 처리된 랫드에서 상승된 혈중 AST와 ALT 확성을 전투여군(262${\pm}$11, 80${\pm}$19에서 153${\pm}$22, 55${\pm}$25로)과 후투여군(156${\pm}$40, 105${\pm}$3 에서 106${\pm}$22, 55${\pm}$9로) 모두 감소시켰다. 또한 갈락토사민으로 유도한 경우에도 AST와 ALT 수치는 전투여군(576${\pm}$24, 276${\pm}$68 에서 236${\pm}$13, 115${\pm}$13로)과 후투여군(233${\pm}$54, 137${\pm}$11 에서 119${\pm}$23, 44${\pm}$17로)에서 모두 유의성있게 감소된 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 간 조직학적 검사에서도 사염화탄소와 갈락토사민으로 유도된 간경변을 유의성있게 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 녹차카테킨은 간독성에 의한 병변을 예방 및 치료할 수 있는 신약후보물질로서의 가능성을 시사한다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.263-270
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• 2010

Scoparia dulcis L. is widely used in the traditional system of medicine for treating liver ailments. In the present study the terpenoids and terpenoid fractions isolated from 1:1:1 petroleum ether, diethyl ether and methanol (PDM) extract of Scoparia dulcis L. were tested for their in vitro 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Selected samples from the assay were further tested for their in vitro hepatoprotective activity against $CCl_4$ induced hepatotoxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. In the in vitro antioxidant study, fractions 7, 11, 13, 14, and 15 and PDM extract show the DPPH radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical screening of all these fractions show the presence of terpenoids. In the in vitro hepatoprotective study all these fractions and the PDM extract significantly prevent the $CCl_4$ induced changes in the aspartate aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase levels (p < 0.05). The above results are comparable with the standard, silymarin. The results of the study indicate that, the PDM extract of Scoparia dulcis L. possesses potential hepatoprotective activity and this may be attributed to its free radical scavenging potential, which in turn may be attributed to the presence of terpenoids.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.671-675
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• 1992

This experiment was carried out to establish a proper method of indocyanine green(ICG) excretion test for a applicable liver function test in dogs. The half life(T1/2), fractional clearance rate(KICG) and retention rate after injection of ICG with or without administred carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$) were also invested. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. The maximum absorbance of ICG in plasma was at 810nm. 2. Half life and fractional clearance rate when administered 0.25 and 0.50mg of ICG per Kilogram body weight were $6.33{\pm}0.58$ minutes and $0.11{\pm}0.99$/minute in the former, $10.01{\pm}1.0$ minutes and $0.07{\pm}0.007$/minute in the latter, respectively. The ICG removal rate was exponentially linear for the first 15 minutes after injection both, of 0.25 and 0.50mg of ICG. 3. One day following the administration of $0.0042m{\ell}\;CCl_4$ kilogram body weight which injected 0.50mg of ICG, half life was more longer and fractional clearance rate was significantly reduced than that of ICG single injection. 4. Plasma retention rate when 15, 30, 45 minutes after injection dose of 0.25 and 0.50mg ICG per Kilogram body weight, $14.7{\pm}4.8$, $5.1{\pm}3.1$, $2.6{\pm}1.6%$ in the former, $26.9{\pm}1.8$, $11.1{\pm}2.4$, $4.8{\pm}1.3%$ in the latter, respectively. However, after administration of $CCl_4$, plasma retention rate of ICG at a dose of 0.50mg, it was $39.3{\pm}0.9$, $16{\pm}2.9$, $10.7{\pm}0.1%$, respectively. 5. Plasma enzyme(AST, ALT, r-GTP) activities administered with $CCl_4$ were increased, but there was no change which injected any dose of single ICG injection. From these results, ICG excretion test to dog is applicable to evaluation of liver function in both clinical and research.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.34.1-34.5
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• 2012

The present study aimed to determine the hepatoprotective activity of the chloroform extract of D. linearis leaves (CEDL) using the paracetamol (PCM)- and carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$)-induced liver injury models in rats. The rats received $dH_2O$ (negative control), 200 mg/kg of silymarin (positive control) or CEDL (50, 250 and 500 mg/kg) orally once daily for 7 days and then were subjected to the hepatotoxic induction on the $7^{th}$ day. The samples (i.e. blood and liver) were collected and underwent biochemical and microscopical analysis, respectively. From the data obtained, both inducers caused significant (p < 0.05) increase in the levels of AST and ALT when compared to the control group, which were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced by CEDL in a generally dose-dependent manner. These biochemical findings were supported by the histopathological analysis and histological scoring. In conclusion, CEDL possesses potential hepatoprotective activity, which could be associated with its flavonoid and tannin contents with the mechanisms of hepatoprotection linked to either its antioxidant or anti-inflammtory/immunomodulating activities. Further in-depth studies are required to identify the responsible bioactive compound.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.453-461
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• 2022

A chemically sintered and binder-free paste of TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) was prepared using a binary-liquid mixture of 1-octanol and CCl₄. The 1:1 (v/v) complex of CCl₄ and 1-octanol easily interacted chemically with the TiO₂ NPs and induced the formation of a highly viscous paste. The as-prepared binary-liquid paste (P_BL)-based TiO₂ film exhibited the complete removal of the binary-liquid and residuals with the subsequent low-temperature sintering (~150℃) and UV-O₃ treatment. This facilitated the fabrication of TiO₂ photoanodes for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (f-DSSCs). For comparison purposes, pure 1-octanol-based TiO₂ paste (P_O) with moderate viscosity was prepared. The P_BL-based TiO₂ film exhibited strong adhesion and high mechanical stability with the conducting oxide coated glass and plastic substrates compared to the P_O-based film. The corresponding low-temperature sintered P_BL-based f-DSSC showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.5%, while it was 2.0% for P_O-based f-DSSC. The P_BL-based low- and high-temperature (500℃) sintered glass-based rigid DSSCs exhibited the PCE of 6.0 and 6.3%, respectively, while this value was 7.1% for a 500℃ sintered rigid DSSC based on a commercial (or conventional) paste.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

We have synthesized $^{99m}$Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3)-biocytin as a new imaging agent for hepatobiliary scintigraphy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin scintigraphy in differentiating carbon tetrachloride ( $CCl_4$)-induced hepatotoxicity from $\alpha$-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis in mice, which reflecting the differential diagnosis of neonatal jaundice caused by neonatal hepatitis from congenital biliary atresia in humans. Methods: Balb/c mice (female, 20 g, n=4-6) were pretreated with $CCl_4$(0.5 or $1.0m\ell$/kg) and ANIT ($150 or 300 m\ell$/kg) 18 h before scintigraphy. Biochemical and histopathological examinations showed a pattern of typical acute hepatitis (increase of transaminases and hepatocellular necnsis) in $CCl_4$-treated mice and cholestasis (increase of alkaline phosphatase and ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase, and biliary hyperplasia) in ANIT-treated mice, respectively, Mice were fasted at least 4 hr prior to the intravenous injection of $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin (18.5 MBq/20$\mu\textrm{g}$) in 2% human serum albumin in saline. Scintigraphy was performed with a ${\gamma}$-camera equipped with a 1-mm diameter pin-hole collimator for 30 min and images were acquired every 15 s. We compared the values of physical parameters, such as peak liver/heart ratio ($${\gamma}$_{max}$) and peak ratio time ($t_{max}$) far $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin scintigraphy. Results: Scintigraphic parameters of the $CCl_4$-pretreated (0.5 $m\ell$/kg) group showed a 81.9% decrease of r$_{max}$, and 42.2% decrease of $t_{max}$, whereas the ANIT-pretreated ( $150m\ell$/kg) group showed a 53% decrease of $r_{max}$, and 2.36-fold increase of $t_{max}$, (P<0.05). These results demonstrate that the decrease of $r_{max}$ and the shortening of $t_{max}$ are characteristic features for hepatotoxicity, in contrast to the increase of $t_{max}$ and decrease of $r_{max}$ for biliary hyperplasia. Conclusion: $^{99m}$Tc-MAG3-biocytin hepatobiliary scintigraphy can distinguish hepatitis from cholestasis in mice model and may be similarly useful in humans which differentiating the cause of neonatal jaundice in clinical study.cal study.cal study.cal study.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2003

The hepatoprotective effect of the ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride. In hepatotoxic rats, liver damage was studied by assessing parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (AlT), alkaline phosphatase (AIP) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in serum, and concentrations of total proteins, total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesterol in both serum and liver. The effect of co-administration of ethanolic extract on the above parameters was further investigated. Histopathological study of the liver in experimental animals was also undertaken. Hepatic damage as evidenced by a rise in the levels of AST, AIT, AIP and GGT in serum, and also changes observed in other biochemical parameters In serum and liver showed a tendency to attain near normalcy in animals co-administered with the extract. The normal values for AST (IU/L), AIP (IU/I), protein (g/100 ml) and total lipids (mg/100 ml) in serum (i.e.,20.24, 70.04, 5.72 and 135.54 respectively) were found to alter towards values 32.61, 127.11, 3.83 and 265.91 in hepatotoxic rats. These parameters Attained near normal values (I.e.,22.82, 79.30, 5.22 and 151.24 for AST, AIP protein and total lipids respectively) in ethanolic extract co-administered rats. Profound steatosis, ballooning degeneration and nodule formation observed in the hepatic architecture of $CCl_4$ treated rats were found to acquire near-normalcy in drug co-administered rats, thus corroborating the biochemical observations. Thus the study substantiates the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica fruits.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.373-384
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• 2020

Paeonol, quercetin, β-sitosterol, and gallic acid extracted from Moutan Cortex had been reported to possess anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activities. This work aimed to illustrate the potential anti-oxidative mechanism of monomers in human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells-induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and to evaluate whether the hepatoprotective effect of monomers was independence or synergy in mice stimulated by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄). Monomers protected against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells in a dose-response manner by inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species, increasing total antioxidant capacity, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and activating the antioxidative pathway of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Nrf2/Keap1) signaling pathway. We found that the in vitro antioxidant capacities of paeonol and quercetin were better than those of β-sitosterol and gallic acid. Furthermore, paeonol apparently diminished the levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase, augmented the contents of glutathione and SOD, promoted the expressions of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 proteins in mice stimulated by CCl₄. In HepG2 cells, paeonol, quercetin, β-sitosterol, and gallic acid play a defensive role against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress through activating Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, indicating that these monomers have anti-oxidative properties. Totally, paeonol and quercetin exerted anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective effects, which is independent rather than synergy.