• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제41권12호
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• pp.336-344
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• 2017

Background: Because of climate change, interest in the development of carbon pools has increased. In agricultural ecosystems, which can be more intensively managed than forests, measures to control carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emission and absorption levels can be applied relatively easily. However, crop residues may be released into the atmosphere by decomposition or combustion. If we can develop scientific management techniques that enable these residues to be stocked on farmland, then it would be possible to convert farmlands from carbon emission sources to carbon pools. We analyzed and investigated soil respiration (Rs) rate characteristics according to input of carbonized residue of red peppers (Capsicum annuum L.), a widely grown crop in Korea, as a technique for increasing farmland carbon stock. Results: Rs rate in the carbonized biomass (CB) section was $226.7mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$, which was 18.1% lower than the $276.9mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ from the red pepper residue biomass (RB) section. The Rs rate of the control was $184.1mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$. In the following year, Rs in the CB section was $204.0mg\;CO_2\;m{-2}h^{-1}$, which was 38.2% lower than the $330.1mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ from the RB section; the control emitted $198.6mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$. Correlation between Rs and soil temperature ((Ts) at a depth of 5 cm) was $R^2=0.51$ in the RB section, which was higher than the other experimental sections. A comparison of annual decomposition rates between RB and CB showed a large difference, 41.4 and 9.7%, respectively. The results showed that carbonization of red pepper residues reduced the rates of decomposition and Rs. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that the Rs rate can be reduced by carbonization of residue biomass and putting it in the soil and that the Rs rate and Ts (5 cm) were positively correlated. Based on the results, it was determined that approximately $1.2t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ were sequestered in the soil in the first year and $3.0t\;C\;ha^{-1}$ were stored the following year. Therefore, approximately $1.5t\;C\;ha^{-1}year^{-1}$ are expected to be stocked in the soil, making it possible to develop farmlands into carbon pools.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2016

Background: Direct impact of inorganic carbon (i.e., carbon dioxide ($CO_2$)) on the periphyton community is important to understand how and to what extent atmospheric conditions can affect the structure and dynamics of these communities in lotic systems. We investigated the influence of elevated $CO_2$ concentration on the periphyton community in the artificially constructed channels during the winter period. The channels made of acrylic paneling were continuously supplied with surface water discharged from a small reservoir, which was supported with ground water, at a flow rate of 5 L/min, and water temperature ranging $4-5^{\circ}C$. The effects of elevated $CO_2$ concentrations (790 ppm) were evaluated in comparison with the control (395 ppm $CO_2$) by analyzing pH, water carbon content and nutrients in water, periphyton composition and biomass, chlorophyll-a, ash-free dry-matter at 2-day intervals for 10 days. Results: After the addition of $CO_2$, significant decreases of pH, $NH_3-N$, and $PO_4-P$ (p < 0.05) and increases of chlorophyll-a, ash-free dry-matter, and the cell density of periphyton (p < 0.01) were observed, whereas the species composition of periphyton and water carbon content did not change. Conclusions: These results suggest that elevated $CO_2$ in flowing water system with low temperature could facilitate the growth of periphyton resulting in biomass increase, which could further influence water quality and the consumers throughout the food web.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2004

본 시험은 깔짚에 3가지 화학제재($FeSO_4,\;AlCl_3\;+\;CaCO_3$ 및 $KMnO_4$)를 처리하였을 때 육계 생산성에 대한 영향과 계사내 암모니아, 이산화탄소 발생량에 대한 6주 동안의 변화와 저감 효과를 규명하기 위해서 수행하였다. 사양시험은 육계 초생추 총 96수(6처리$\times$4반복$\times$4수)를 공시하여 42일 동안 실시하였다. 화학제재는 깔짚 kg당 $FeSO_4$ $\cdot$ $7H_2O$ 200 g, $AlCl_3$ $\cdot$ $6H_2O$ 200 g + $CaCO_3$ 50 g 및 $KMnO_4$ 비율로 top dressing하였으며 대조구는 화학제재를 첨가하지 않았다. 육계 생산성은 화학제재 처리구와 대조구 간에 유의차가 없었다. 그러나 대조구와 비교한 $FeSO_4$와 $AlCl_3$+$CaCO_3$ 처리구의 암모니아 발생량은 6주째에서 각각 $91\%$와 $53\%$가 감소되었고(P<0.05), $KMnO_4$ 처리구의 암모니아 발생량은 대조구보다 6주째에서 $69\%$ 감소되어 통계적 유의차를 보였다(P<0.05). 깔짚에서 생성된 이산화탄소 발생량은 $AlCl_3+CaCO_3$와 $KMnO_4$ 처리구가 대조구와 비교할 때 6주째에서 각각 $59\%$와 $65\%$ 감소되었다(P<0.01). 결론적으로 깔짚에 화학제재를 처리했을 경우 암모니아와 이산화탄소 가스 발생량은 현저하게 감소되며, 육계생산성에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.569-579
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• 2011

This study evaluated the indoor air quality of 26 government offices located in Seoul. The pollutant samples were taken from Jan. 13th to Jan. 29th and Feb. 20th to Feb. 23rd, 2010 in the offices. The target indoor pollutants for this study were $PM_{10}$, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, total bacteria counts, total volatile organic compounds, radon, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and asbestos which were controlled by the indoor air quality law for the multiple-use facilities management. The results of this study showed that some pollutants of the 38.5% offices exceeded the standards of the air quality guideline. The correlation analysis of the same pollutants between indoor and outdoor represented that $NO_2$ (r=0.629, p<0.05) and $O_3$ (r=0.459, p<0.01) were significant, however, $PM_{10}$ and CO were not. The correlation analysis between different pollutants showed that CO and TVOC (total volatile organic compounds: r=0.724; p<0.01), CO and $NO_2$ (r=0.674; p<0.01), HCHO and humidity (r=0.605; p<0.01), $CO_2$ and TVOC (r=0.534; p<0.01), TBC (total bacteria counts) and Asbestos (r=0.520; p<0.01) were significant. The energy-saving system of government buildings in winter caused under-ventilated and poor air quality. This study suggests that the concentrations of radon and $CO_2$ should be used as an indicator for monitoring indoor air quality and maintaining effective ventilations.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.58-68
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• 2011

전기 및 탄성파 탐사를 이용한 이산화탄소 지중저장의 모니터링의 기초연구로써, 수포화 암석시료에 $CO_2$주입시 비저항과 P파속도를 측정하였다. 암석시료는 Berea사암이며, $CO_2$는 초임계상태 (10 MPa, $40^{\circ}C$)로 주입하였다. 초임계 $CO_2$주입에 의해 비저항의 증가 및 P파속도와 진폭이 감소하였다. P파 속도 토모그램은 암석시료에 주입한 초임계 $CO_2$의 거동양상을 보여주었다. 비저항과 탄성파속도는 $CO_2$거동 모니터링하는데 유용하다. 그러나 P파 속도는 비저항 변화에 비해 $CO_2$포화도가 20% 이상 일때 변화를 보이지 않았다. 비저항으로부터 $CO_2$포화도 예측은 탄성파 속도로부터 $CO_2$포화도 예측의 어려움을 보완할 수 있다. 비저항과 탄성파 속도의 동시측정에 의해 암석시료에 주입한 초입계 $CO_2$ 거동 및 $CO_2$포화도 분포를 예측할 수 있다.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.685-693
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• 1997

여러 종류의 담체에 담지된 니켈 촉매상에서 메탄에 의한 이산화탄소 개질반응에 대해 연구하였다. 여러 가지 담체중에 천연 제올라이트가 가장 높은 활성을 보여주었고, 염기성 담체에 비해 산성 담체에 담지된 니켈 촉매의 활성이 좋았으며 촉매의 비활성화도 느리게 진행되었다. 천연제올라이트에 담지된 니켈 촉매의 담지율이 증가할수록 활성이 증가하였고, 10wt% 이상으로 담지된 경우에는 활성의 변화가 그다지 일어나지 않았다. 반응물중 메탄과 이산화탄소의 비에 따라 전환율과 생성물의 수율이 크게 영향을 받았으며, $CH_4/CO_2$의 비가 1일 때 가장 높은 수소 및 일산화탄소 수율을 나타내었다. 촉매의 비활성화는 반응중에 생성되는 코크에 침적에 기인하는 것으로 생각되며, 코크는 주로 메탄의 분해에 의해 생성되었고 코크의 형상은 whisker형으로 촉매의 비활성화 속도를 느리게 하였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to provide foundational data for expansion of solar generation in building application, a clean energy, by introducing applicability of solar power generation system on roofs of industrial buildings and computing expected amounts of power and carbon dioxides reduction. As methodologies of this study, after reviewing 120,000 domestic factories to verify the BIPV feasibility for industrial building sthrough theoretical considerations of solar generation system, we calculated BIPV application methods and subsequent expected power generation quantity and carbon dioxide reductions through roof type analysis. we analyzed four cases of expected power generation amounts of solar batteries according to application methods, and when considering that the main type of roofs are slant roofs according to the investigation result about roof forms of domestic industrial complexes, we believe that the module angle of a slant roof around $17^{\circ}$(case3) is most suitable for the application. Finally, we came up with 517,944[TOE] as the corresponding petroleum tonnage based on this computed expected power generation amount and the amount of 1,214,836[$tCO_2$] carbon dioxide reductions by calculating them by energy sources.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.289-295
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• 2019

Effects of various reaction factors such as pressure, time, and temperature on clathrate formation were investigated for hydroquinone with $CO_2$ and $N_2$. Experimental and spectroscopic results indicate that $CO_2$ plays more preferential role in forming hydroquinone clathrates than $N_2$. These results can be used in application of selective $CO_2$ separation from flue gases with the formation of clathrate compounds.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.459-465
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• 1994

Performance of a continuous cocurrent supercritical fluid extraction column for processing of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) was determined. The extract loading increased and the extraction yield decreased as the superficial velocity of AMF increased. The maximum solubility of AMF in $CO_2$ at 4$0^{\circ}C$/3,500 psig was 0.0195g/g. The increase of the carbon dioxide density enhanced the solubility of milk fat and decreased the cholesterol concentration in the extract. Three operation conditions, such as recycle , reflux, and temperature gradient of extraction column, were tested. More short-chain fatty acvids were extracted by the reflux operation . Longchain fatty acids and thehighest ratio fo long-chain unsaturated to saturated fatty acids were also obtained in the raffinate phase with refluex.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.19-23
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• 2003

느타리버섯은 재배사 내의 환경 즉 온도 의해서는 자실체의 갓 색과 수량성, 발이정도, 생장속도, 외형적 특징 등이 변화하며, 이는 자실체의 품질이 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 보인다. 자실체의 생장에서 일어나는 호흡에 의해 발생하는 $CO_2$ 가스에 의해 대가 길고 갓이 작아지는 현상을 보이며, 고농도에서는 기형이거나 사멸될 수 있다. 자실체 조직을 형성하는 균사체는 부위별, 크기별로 약간의 차이를 보인다.