• Mycobiology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2011

Lignosus rhinocerus is a macrofungus that belongs to Polyporaceae and is native to tropical regions. This highly priced mushroom has been used as folk medicine to treat diseases by indigenous people. As a preliminary study to develop a culture method for edible mushrooms, the cultural characteristics of L. rhinocerus were investigated in a range of culture media under different environmental conditions. Mycelial growth of this mushroom was compared on culture media composed of various carbon and nitrogen sources in addition to C/N ratios. The optimal conditions for mycelial growth were $30^{\circ}C$ at pH 6 and 7. Rapid mycelial growth of L. rhinocerus was observed on glucose-peptone and yeast extract peptone dextrose media. Carbon and nitrogen sources promoting mycelial growth of L. rhinocerus were glucose and potassium nitrate, respectively. The optimum C/N ratio was approximately 10 : 1 using 2% glucose supplemented as a carbon source in the basal media.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2021

The fungal isolate Isaria javanica pf185 has potential as a mycopesticide because it demonstrates insecticidal activity against the green peach aphid and antifungal activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. For commercialization of this isolate, determination of the optimal and least expensive culture conditions is required; however, these data are not currently available. This study describes the conditions for optimal development of conidia and production of metabolites for the biocontrol of the fungal pathogen. The optimal culture conditions were examined using cultures on solid agar and liquid media. High growth temperature enhanced spore formation but reduced antifungal activity in both solid and liquid media. The highest spore yield was obtained in a medium containing glucose as a carbon source and yeast extract as a nitrogen source. Soybean powder and wheat bran were effective nitrogen sources that promoted spore production and antifungal activity of the isolate. These results revealed the basic, cost-effective growth media for commercial production of a biopesticide with insecticidal and antifungal properties for use in integrated pest management.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.455-463
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• 1996

Aluminium nitride (AlN) powder was prepared by using aluminium (III) complexes with dibasic carboxylate ligands(adipato)(hydroxo) aluminium(III) and (hydroxo)(succinato)aluminium (III) as a precursor. The AlN pow-der was obtained by calcining the complexes without mixing any carbon source under a flow of ammonia at 120$0^{\circ}C$ Contary to the conventional carbothermal reduction and nitridiation the process of decarboniza-tion of the residual carbon was not required because of the reaction of ammonia with carbon at temperature >100$0^{\circ}C$. Fine AlN powder was also prepared by calcining a mixture of an (adipato)(hydroxo)aluminium(III) complex and carbon under a flow of nitrogen at 140$0^{\circ}C$ The AlN powders prepared were ultrafine and their morphology was almost the same as that of powders of two precursors.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.79-83
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• 2001

The sludge wastes fermentation process reactors were operated to produce the VFAs(volatile fatty acids) as supplemental carbon sources and to determine the optimum operating conditions. The experiment was carried out by varied mixture ration of 400:0 350:30 300:100 200:200 and operating temperature 2$0^{\circ}C$ 3$0^{\circ}C$ and 4$0^{\circ}C$ The results were as follows: Higher VFAs production rate observed at higher mixed ratio of primary sludge. When the mixed ratio of primary sludge and return sludge were 400:0 350:50 300:100 200:200 respectively. VFAs production are were 829.6mg/l 944.2 mg/l 597.9mg/ml an d441.6 mg/l , respectively. the yield of VFAs increased with temperature, but decreased with initial TSS concentration Because fermented sludge has relatively low nitrogen and phosphorus and relatively high VFAs it can be used as a substitute for external carbon in biological nutrient removal process.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제11권
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• pp.119-122
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• 1969

In the previous paper, two strains of cellulase producing microorganism were isolated from night soil samples using shaking culture. This report deals with the physiological and morphological tests carried out according to the methods of Toyama and Chung. 1. Two strains, Ku-3371 and Ku-4383 which should the best growth in Czapek.s liquid medium, were identified as Trichoderma viride. 2. These strains grew the best at about $30^{\circ}C$ and the optimum pH values of growth in Czapek's liquid medium was 4.0. 3. These mould strains utilized monosaccharide as its carbon source and can utilized sodium glutamate, peptone and nitrate form nitrogen but other inorganic nitrogen compoumd are unable to use as its nitrogen source.

• Mycobiology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.147-149
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• 2005

The investigation was undertaken to enhance the decomposition process by pre-treatment of rice stubble, having higher concentration of lignin. Air-dried rice stubble was treated with 1.8 liter of 1% NaOH and autoclaved. Six cellulolytic fungi, Trichoderma harzianum, Penicillium citrinum, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria alternata were grown in basal synthetic medium along with delignified rice-residue as carbon source for production of soluble crude protein. Though the loss of cellulose has been observed by all of them but having a considerable status in the presence of T. harzianum and T. harzianum yielded highest percentage of crude protein (27.99%) with biomass of 375 mg, whereas the lowest protein value (17.91%) was recorded in case of A. niger with biomass of 422 mg. Among the imperfect fungi, T. harzianum was the most potent. Effects of incubation period and nitrogen sources on soluble crude protein production by T. harzianum were also undertaken in this study. Fifth day of incubation period and potassium nitrate as nitrogen source among other nitrogen sources was found most appropriate for soluble crude protein production by the mentioned organism.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.394-397
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• 2000

Lab-scale biofilter was evaluated for the removal of styrene from a waste gas stream. Compost and polyurethane form were used as packing material (50 : 50) and activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant was innoculated initially. Nitrogen limitation was observed during the biofilter operation and nitrogen source should be properly supplemented. When ammonium sulfate is used as N-source. 200mg carbon was removed for each mg of nitrogen. The effects of the volumetric styrene loading on the styrene elimination capacity (EC) and the removal efficiency (RE) was also tested. The results showed $EC_{max}$ was 4.8kg $C/m^3{\cdot}day$ and above RE 95% was achieved at EBRT 1min.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2006

Several white-rot fungi are able to produce extracellular lignin-degrading enzymes such as manganese peroxidase (MnP), lignin peroxidase (LiP), and laccase. In order to enhance the production of laccase and MnP using Trametes versicolor KCTC 16781 in suspension culture, the effects of major medium ingredients, such as carbon and nitrogen sources, on the production of the enzymes were investigated. The decolorization mechanism in terms of biodegradation and biosorption was also investigated. Among the carbon sources used, glucose showed the highest potential for the production of laccase and MnP. Ammonium tartrate was a good nitrogen source for the enzyme production. No significant difference in the laccase production was observed, when glucose concentration was varied between 5 g/l and 30 g/l. As the concentration of nitrogen source increased, a lower MnP activity was observed. The optimal C/N ratio was 25 for the production of laccase and MnP. When the concentrations of glucose and ammonium tartrate were simultaneously increased, the laccase and MnP activities increased dramatically. The maximum laccase and MnP activities were 33.7 U/ml at 72 h and 475 U/ml at 96 h, respectively, in the optimal condition. In this condition, over 90% decolorization efficiency was observed.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.100-103
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• 2004

The culture condition and medium composition for the enhanced mycelial growth of Inonotus mikadoi IMSNU 32058 were investigated. The optimal temperature and pH for the mycelial growth were $27^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.5, respectively. Among the complex media tested, the malt extract medium and Phellinus igniarius medium were very good for mycelial growth of I. mikadoi. When Czapek-Dox medium was used as a minimal medium for cultivation of mycelia, xylose, raffinose and carboxymethyl cellulose were very excellent as a carbon and energy source. With respect to carbohydrate, sucrose and glucose were very good carbon sources. In general, organic complex nitrogen sources were better than other inorganic ones. As the organic complex nitrogen sources tested, yeast extract, soytone, proteose peptone and bacto peptone were the best as a source of organic nitrogen. When ammonium sulfate as an inorganic source of nitrogen was used, the enhanced mycelial growth was shown. p-Aminobenzoic acid was proved to be most appropriate source of vitamin. After the mycelia of I. mikadoi was cultivated at $27^{\circ}C$ for 5 days in MEM broth (pH 4.5), the activities of both exomycelial and endo-mycelial enzymes were determined. Among endomycelial enzymes assayed, the specific activity of laccase was much higher than those of other enzymes. When the fungus was grown in MEM broth, exomycelial specific enzyme activity of laccase was comparatively high. However, little or no enzyme activities of protease, chitinase and lipase were found.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.224-228
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• 1973

In the fermentation for preparation of petroprotein by Rhodotorula sp. in $C_{12}{\sim}C_{14}$n-alkane mixture it was investigated how the effects due to the difference of chemical form of the nitrogen sources are, that is, how the inorganic nitrogen sources such as nitrates and ammonium salts and organic nitrogen source such as urea effect on the view of fermentation time and yield and how the ratios of nitrogen to carbon with $NaNo_3$ effect. Then following results were obtained: the time required to maximum growth, when $NaNo_3$ or $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ was used as nitrogen source, was 40 hrs. and 45 hrs., respectively, but when urea was used, it was 66 hrs. much longer than above nitrogen sources. On the view of yield, however, in use of the both inorganic sources, when the yield is represented as consumption of 0.1 N-NaOH, it was 0.36 and 0.38 ml, respectively, but, in the case of urea, it amounted to 0.78 ml. In the effect of the ratios of nitrogen to carbon in medium, when n-alkane mixture was added in 1 % (vol.) and N/C with $NaNo_3$ was 0.2 the best results were obtained and generally the higher the value of the ratio the better growth effects were shown.