• Membrane Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.10-16
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• 1999

In this study, polyetherimide with pellet state was sulfonated with a chlorosulfonic acid. The volume ratio of carbon tetrachloride (CCI$_4$/1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) was 5/1. Therefore, sulfonated polyetherimide of anionic charge and more hydrophilicity were produced. The optimum reaction conditions of sulfonation were that PES/CSA mole ratio was I/I, temperature were lO$^{\circ}$ and reaction time were 3hr. SPEls having ion capacity in the range of 0.2-1.2meq/mg were synthesized. Through FT-IR, sulfonic acid peak was shown at 1020cm$^{-1}$ and 1170cm$^{-1}$ Polymer dispersity index was broad and we confirmed that PEl was hydrophilzed in the measure of contact angle.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 1966

The systems of bromobenzene with chlorine and iodine monobromide in carbon tetrachloride have been investigated at $25^{\circ}$ by means of ultraviolet spectrophotometric measurements. The results indicate the formation of one to one molecular complexes, $C_6H_5Br{\cdot}Cl_2$ and $C_6H_5Br{\cdot}IBr$, in solution. The equilibrium constants obtained at $25^{\circ}$ for the formation of these two complexes are 0.0485 and $0.183l{\cdot}mole^{-1}$, respectively. Comparison of these results with those reported in the literature on other complexes of similar type shows that the relative stabilities of the complexes decrease in the following orders: $ICl>IBr>I_2>Br_2>Cl_2$Benzene > bromobenzene > chlorobenzene.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.169-173
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• 1965

The results of ultraviolet spectrophotometric investigations on the system of chlorobenzene with iodine, chlorine and iodine monobromide in carbon tetrachloride at $25^{\circ}$ indicate the formation of one to one molecular complexes, $C_6H_5Cl{\cdot}I_2,\;C_6H_5Cl{\cdot}Cl_2\;and\;C_6H_5Cl{\cdot}IBr.$ The equilibrium constants obtained at $25^{\circ}$ for the complex formations are 0.106, 0.0400 and 0.109 $lmole^{-1}$, respectively. These results combined with those reported in the literature reveal the following order as the relative stabilities of complexes with aromatics and with halogens or interhalogens, respectively. $ICl>IBr>I_2>Br_2>Cl_2$. Benzene>Chlorobenzene.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.42-45
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• 1979

The experimental procedures of Beckmann rearrangement mostly involve the use of vigorous conditions such as strongly acidic reagents (conc. HCl, $H_2SO_4$, $PCl_5$, etc.) or elevated temperatures, which frequently cause isomerization of ketooximes prior to rearrangement.We have effected the Beckmann rearrangement on $5{\alpha}$-cholestan-3-one oxime using the carbon tetrachloride-triphenylphosphine reagent under mild, neutral conditions to give 3-aza-A-homo-$5{\alpha}$-cholestan-4-one. This new, mild, facile and rapid general method of Beckmann rearrangement is presented, and compared with the classical (more conventional) Beckmann reagent of polyphosphoric acid.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.92-97
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• 2020

A previous pharmacogenomic analysis identified cromolyn, an anti-allergic drug, as an effective anti-fibrotic agent that acts on hepatocytes and stellate cells. Furthermore, cromolyn was shown to be a G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) agonist. However, it has not been studied whether anti-fibrotic effects are mediated by GPR35. Therefore, in this study, the role of GPR35 in hepatic fibrosis was investigated through the use of lodoxamide, another anti-allergic drug and a potent GPR35 agonist. Long-term treatment with carbon tetrachloride induced hepatic fibrosis, which was inhibited by treatment with lodoxamide. Furthermore, CID2745687, a specific GPR35 antagonist, reversed lodoxamide-mediated anti-fibrotic effects. In addition, lodoxamide treatment showed significant effects on the mRNA expression of collagen Iα1, collagen Iα2, and TGF-β1 in the extracellular matrix. However, a transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) shedding assay revealed lodoxamide not to be a potent agonist of mouse GPR35 in vitro. Therefore, these results showed anti-fibrotic effects of lodoxamide in mice and raise concerns how lodoxamide protects against liver fibrosis in vivo and whether GPR35 is involved in the action.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.84-89
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• 1996

The adsorption characteristics of active carbon used as a cartridge filler of organic vapor respirator were examined by humidity, particle size, challenge concentration and specific surface area. As a result, the 1% breakthrough time of Carbon Tetrachloride($CCl_4$) was decreased with increase of relative humidity, challenge concentration and particle size (0.6～2.0mm) of active carbon. The adsorbed amount of $CCl_4$ was about 1. 1mg/$m^2$ at RH 40% and 0. 5mg/$m^2$ at RH 80% . However in the case of prehumidified active carbon, humidity did not affected to 1% breakthrough time up to RH 40%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2000

Hepatic fibrosis/cirrhosis is characterized by increased production and deposition of collagen, noncollagenous glycaproteins, and proteoglycans, which mainly compose the extracellular matrix (ECM). Recently, activations of macrophages, myofibroblasts and mast cells are thaught ta be associated with the accumulation of ECM. In order to investigate the kinetics of macrophages, myofibroblasts and mast cells and the relationship between these cells and the accumulation of ECM in carban tetrachloride (CCl$_4$)-injected rat liver, we induced liver cirrhosis of rat by an injection of CCl$_4$ for 14 weeks. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 1995

To determine the effect of garlic on acute liver damage caused by $CCl_4$, the values of GOT, GPT, LDH in blood were measured. GOT, GPT, LDH values from mouse treated 2,000mg/kg garlic substance powder were significantly lower than disitlled mouse(positive treatment) after distilled water ingestion only showed big death, but 2,000mg/kg garlic powder treated mouse rarely showed death of liver tissue.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.918-928
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• 1998

The present study was done with two aims. First, to evaluate the radiographic measurements of liver volumes in normal and hepatomegaly dogs induced by carbon tetrachloride. Second, to investigate quantitative tissue echo pattern by ultrasonography. Gray level histogram of the normal liver and the kidney were estimated with carbon tetra-chloride intoxication. In normal, r-square for liver volume to body weight was 0.93372, and this showed direct linear regression. Gray level histograms of the normal liver and the kidney were $19.150{\pm}2.490$(mean${\pm}$SD) and $13.175{\pm}2.686$(mean${\pm}$SD) respectively(p < 0.01). Liver parenchymal echogenicity was more hyperechogenic than kidney cortex echogenicity. Liver/Kidney ratio was $1.504{\pm}0.313$ and it can be used relative comparison of liver and kidney parenchymal echogenicity. In carbon-tetrachloride($CCl_4$) intoxication, changes of liver volume appeared to increase up to 24 hours after administration (p < 0.05), and decreased gradually to normal level after 2~5 days. Gray level histogram of liver parenchyma decreased up to 24hours (p < 0.01) after intoxication and then gradually increased to normal level. But that of kidney cortex had no significant change. Liver/Kidney ratio also decreased by 2 days(p < 0.01) and then gradually increased to normal level. On histopathologic features of hepatic tissues in carbon tetrachloride intoxication, both coagulative necrosis of hepatic cell and hemorrhage of centrilobular & midzonal area were identified. Conclusively, plain radiography is a useful diagnostic method for evaluating liver volume in mild hepatomegaly. Especially, it is considered that an adequate numerical processing of the liver length, depth and thoracic width and depth measurement would be helpful. Using gray level histogram, ultrasonographic evaluation was useful objective methods in early diagnosis of diffuse hepatic disease.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.84-91
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• 2000

The adsorption characteristics of a respirator cartridge is affected by the kind of adsorbent, concentration of organic vapor, humidity and packing density of cartridge. In this study, activated carbon fiber(ACF) instead of activated carbon is used as a adsorbent of cartridges for the removement of organic vapor and the adsorption characteristics were examined. ACF made of cellulose showes high efficiency for the removal of carbon tetrachloride and the adsorption capacity was 0.569g/g ACF at 450 ppm. The relative humidity dose not affected to the adsorbed amount and Langmuir Isotherm was more adequate than Freundlich Isotherm for this adsorption phenomena.