• Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.252-258
• /
• 2003

The carbon utilizations of Bacillus species and Pythium species were investigated by using a Biolog$^{(R)}$ microplate assay to determine if there are differences in the carbon utilizations of selected strains of these species. It may be possible to afford a competitive advantage to bacterial biological control agents by providing them with a substrate that they can readily use as a carbon source, for example, in a seed coating formulation. Microplates, identified as SFP, SFN and YT were used to identify spore-forming bacteria, nonspore-forming bacteria, and yeast, respectively. Bacterial and mycelial suspensions were adjusted to turbidities of 0.10 to 0.11 at 600 nm. One hundred microliters of each of the bacterial and mycelial suspension were inoculated into each well of each of the three types of microplates. L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-melezitose and D-melibiose of the 147 carbohydrates tested were found to be utilized only by bacteria, and not by Pythium species, by Biolog$^{(R)}$ microplate assay, and this was confirmed by traditional shake flask culture. Thus, it indicated that the Biolog$^{(R)}$ microplate assay could be readily used to search for specific carbon sources that could be utilized to increase the abilities of bacterial biological control agents to adapt to contrived environments.

• 전기의세계
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.7-10
• /
• 1973

The characteristics of all the instruments and materials used in atomic industry is changed due to radiation damages by the effects of radiation activities. In this study, when the Carbon Resistor, main element of electrical circuits, is irradiated by Gamma-Ray, variations in its electrical properties have been investigated. The following results are obtained: 1) The resistance value in Carbon Resistor is exponentially increased as the quantity of irradiation by Gamma-Ray is increased, but in case of more than 10$^{6}$ R/hr. of quantity of irradiation it has saturated-state value. 2) The rate of change inrestistance value has been independent on the intensity of Gamma-Ray source when Carbon Resistor is irradiated in the same quantity of irradiation. 3) The resistance value in irradiated Carbon Resistor has not been varied with elapse of time. 4) The more the distance from the Carbon Resistor to the Gamma-Ray source the more greatly the resistance value is decreased and that it has been shown that the more quantity of irradiation by Gamma-Ray, the greater the rate of decrease in resistance value. Through the above results it has been concluded that the measurement values obtained by the high-precision instruments in the radiation field have to be corrected with proper consideration to radiation damages.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.23 no.12
• /
• pp.702-707
• /
• 2013

High-quality ${\beta}$-silicon carbide (SiC) coatings are expected to prevent the oxidation degradation of carbon fibers in carbon fiber/silicon carbide (C/SiC) composites at high temperature. Uniform and dense ${\beta}$-SiC coatings were deposited on carbon fibers by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LP-CVD) using silane ($SiH_4$) and acetylene ($C_2H_2$) as source gases which were carried by hydrogen gas. SiC coating layers with nanometer scale microstructures were obtained by optimization of the processing parameters considering deposition mechanisms. The thickness and morphology of ${\beta}$-SiC coatings can be controlled by adjustment of the amount of source gas flow, the mean velocity of the gas flow, and deposition time. XRD and FE-SEM analyses showed that dense and crack-free ${\beta}$-SiC coating layers are crystallized in ${\beta}$-SiC structure with a thickness of around 2 micrometers depending on the processing parameters. The fine and dense microstructures with micrometer level thickness of the SiC coating layers are anticipated to effectively protect carbon fibers against the oxidation at high-temperatures.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.33 no.5
• /
• pp.397-406
• /
• 2009

We have fabricated source-drain electrodes for OTFTs using a screen-printing technique with carbon-black pastes as conductive paste. And effects of dispersants contents (SOP 10-40%) on the dispersity of carbon-black pastes and characteristics of screen-printed source-drain electrodes for OTFTs using two types of dispersants (DB-2150, DB-9077) were investigated. As contents of both dispersants were increased the dispersity of carbon-black mill-bases was improved, whereas the carbon-black pastes exhibited different dispersion characteristics. For the case of DB-2150, the dispersity of the pastes was improved with increasing dispersant content and the storage modulus G' in their rheology characteristics were reduced. But, for the DB-9077, the storage modulus G' of pastes were increased with dispersant content due to the flocculated network structure formed by interactions among carbon-black powders and dispersants. But, since this flocculated network structure of the pastes using DB-9077 resulted in the conduction path of carbon-black structures, the conductivities of screen-printed electrodes and mobilities of the OTFTs with them were better than those using pastes with DB-2150.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
• /
• v.54 no.12
• /
• pp.558-560
• /
• 2005

The carbon film was deposited by the electrolysis of methanol solution. Carbon films have been grown on silicon substrates using the method of chemical process. From investigations of the Raman spectroscopy and the FTIR spectroscopy, the carbon film deposited by the electrolysis was identified the hydrogenated carbon film with the porous structure. The carbon film deposited by elctrolysis of methanol was identified as the hydrogenated carbon film with porous structure. Deposition parameters for the growth of the carbon films were current density, methanol liquid temperature. We electrical resistance and surface morphology of carbon films formed various conditions specified by deposition parameters. It was clarified that the high electrical resistance carbon films with smooth surface morphology are grown when a distance between the electrodes is relatively wider. We found that the electrical resistance in the films independent of both current density and methanol liquid temperature. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistance in the low resistance carbon films is different from one obtained in graphite..

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.25-30
• /
• 1973

The Aspergilli can be isolated from many of damaged domestic fowl's lung which were collected at fowl slaughter house from July to August 1973, during two months at Dapsimri, Dongdaemoon-ku, Seoul city. The survey of incubation condition for carbon source and nitrogen source were summerized as follows: 1. One of the Aspergillius fumigatus group were isolated from damaged domestic fowl's lung. 2. In the preparation of isolation media, adding the 4 gs of silkworm pupa and Meju to Czapek's agar medium is more preferable than Austick's media (2% malt extract agar) 3. In survey of incubation condition, the growth rate and sporulation shown that higher differences according to varieties and amounts of C-source. And in the case of 20% C-source concentration shown that low growth rate than lower concentration of C-source. 4. In N-source, the growth rate indicated that some difference according to varieties of N-source, difference of growth rate demonstrated almost not shown at various amounts differences of mycelium and sporulation was only detected reversely.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.822-828
• /
• 2004

Nopaline-type Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58 cannot utilize octopine (Oct) as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources. This strain harbors two plasmids; a virulent plasmid, pTiC58, and a megaplasmid, pAtC58. From strain NT1, which is a derivative of C58 harboring only pAtC58, we isolated spontaneous mutants that utilize Oct as the sole nitrogen source. These Oct-catabolizing mutants, however, could not utilize the opine as the sole carbon source. In contrast, strain UIA5, a plasmid-free derivative of C58, could not give rise to such mutants. The mutations isolated from NT1 were mapped to socR in pAtC58, which is a negative regulator of the soc operon responsible for the uptake and catabolism of an Amadori opine, deoxyfructosyl glutamine (Dfg). A derivative of UIA5 carrying a clone of the soc operon with a transposon inserted in socR also utilizes Oct as the sole nitrogen source. However, UIA5 harboring the operon with mutations in each of the structural genes in the soc operon, socA, B, C, and D, lost the ability to generate spontaneous Oct-utilizing mutants, suggesting that soc genes in pAtC58 are required for the utilization of Oct as a nitrogen source, and that derepressed expression of these genes allows cells to utilize Oct. In contrast, Oct-catabolizing mutants derived from C58, which grew using Oct as the sole nitrogen source, could also utilize the opine as the sole carbon source. These mutants did not carry any detectable mutations in socR or the region upstream to the gene in pAtC58, suggesting that mutations occurring elsewhere in the genome, most likely in pTiC58, allow the uptake and catabolism of the opine.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.34-46
• /
• 2008

Emissions inputs for use in air quality modeling of Korea were generated with the emissions inventory data from the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), maintained under the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) database. Source Classification Codes (SCC) in the Korea emissions inventory were adapted to use with the U.S. EPA's Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) by finding the best-matching SMOKE default SCCs for the chemical speciation and temporal allocation. A set of 19 surrogate spatial allocation factors for South Korea were developed utilizing the Multi-scale Integrated Modeling System (MIMS) Spatial Allocator and Korean GIS databases. The mobile and area source emissions data, after temporal allocation, show typical sinusoidal diurnal variations with high peaks during daytime, while point source emissions show weak diurnal variations. The model-ready emissions are speciated for the carbon bond version 4 (CB-4) chemical mechanism. Volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions from painting related industries in area source category significantly contribute to TOL (Toluene) and XYL (Xylene) emissions. ETH (Ethylene) emissions are largely contributed from point industrial incineration facilities and various mobile sources. On the other hand, a large portion of OLE (Olefin) emissions are speciated from mobile sources in addition to those contributed by the polypropylene industry in point source. It was found that FORM (Formaldehyde) is mostly emitted from petroleum industry and heavy duty diesel vehicles. Chemical speciation of PM2.5 emissions shows that PEC (primary fine elemental carbon) and POA (primary fine organic aerosol) are the most abundant species from diesel and gasoline vehicles. To reduce uncertainties in processing the Korea emission inventory due to the mapping of Korean SCCs to those of U.S., it would be practical to develop and use domestic source profiles for the top 10 SCCs for area and point sources and top 5 SCCs for on-road mobile sources when VOC emissions from the sources are more than 90% of the total.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 1999.07a
• /
• pp.73-73
• /
• 1999

A large area negative metal ion beam source is developed. Kinetic ion beam of the incident metal ions yields a whole nucleation and growth phenomena compared to the conventional thin film deposition processes. At the initial deposition step one can engineer the surface and interface by tuning the energy of the incident metal ion beams. Smoothness and shallow implantation can be tailored according to the desired application process. Surface chemistry and nucleation process is also controlled by the energy of the direct metal ion beams. Each individual metal ion beams with specific energy undergoes super-thermodynamic reactions and nucleation. degree of formation of tetrahedral Sp3 carbon films and beta-carbon nitride directly depends on the energy of the ion beams. Grain size and formation of polycrystalline Si, at temperatures lower than 500deg. C is obtained and controlled by the energy of the incident Si-ion beams. The large area metal ion source combines the advantages of those magnetron sputter and SKIONs prior cesium activated metal ion source. The ion beam source produces uniform amorphous diamond films over 6 diameter. The films are now investigated for applications such as field emission display emitter materials, protective coatings for computer hard disk and head, and other protective optical coatings. The performance of the ion beam source and recent applications will be presented.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.277-283
• /
• 1977

1) Higher yield of red color was observed by the isolated strain (Monascus D-7) than the type cultures in steamed rice medium. 2) In a case of Monascus purbigerus IAM 8004, best yield of color was obtained at Lin's submerged culture medium containing 1% wheat bran, 2% starch and 3% corn meal instead of rice powder as carbon source. However, in a case of isolated strain (M. D-7), good result was shown at 1% rice bran and 2% starch as a source of carbon in Lin's medium. 3) Good yields were obtained from both strains in Nishikawa's medium which was added with 3% defatted soybean flour. 4) There were no significant differences in pigment extractability among solvents. Extracted pigment was stable in wide range of pH and heat, whereas relatively unstable in sunlight. 5) Toxicological study of extracted pigment determined $LD_{50}$ at 0.2539g/20g, when injected in mouse. When injected in to mouse in 25% ethanol solution: considering the toxicity of ethanol, the toxicity of pigment itself is believed to be none.