• Title/Summary/Keyword: Carbon Emission Analysis

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Systematic Literature Review of Sustainable Construction Projects for Carbon Neutrality

  • Roshan Bandiwadekar;Jong Han Yoon;Vivek Sharma
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2024.07a
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    • pp.94-101
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    • 2024
  • Construction projects are responsible for significant carbon emissions, accounting for 23% of the world's total emissions. While efforts have been made to reduce these emissions, a comprehensive analysis of these efforts has yet to be conducted, making it difficult to identify research gaps and future directions. This study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic literature review of 208 papers in the Web of Science (WOS) database using Carbon, Emission, and Construction as keywords. The review was categorized into bibliometric and content analysis. The bibliometric analysis reveals that most papers focus on estimating and assessing carbon emissions through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) (34%). The use of construction technologies, such as prefabrication and BIM, which can directly reduce carbon emissions, was limited to only 7% of the reviewed papers. Furthermore, the review revealed that 67% of the studies were conducted in China. Similarly, content analysis revealed the papers' essential findings and limitations in each selected category. Based on these findings, the study 1) suggests the technology applications in tacking, estimating and reducing carbon emissions in the construction supply chain (CSC) and 2) highlights the need for global attention to reducing carbon emissions in construction projects.

Carbon Footprint Analysis of Mineral Paper using LCA Method (전과정 평가기법을 활용한 미네랄 페이퍼의 탄소발자국 연구)

  • Kim, Byoung Jik;Kang, Seong Min;Lee, Jeongwoo;Sa, Jae Hwan;Kim, Ik;Jeon, Eui Chan
    • Journal of Climate Change Research
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.201-210
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    • 2013
  • In recent years, with the rising interest to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the demand for using environmentally friendly product with low greenhouse gas emission is increasing in the printing industry as well. In this study, the carbon footprint of environmentally friendly product mineral paper that uses less plastic and wood than normal printing paper materials was analyzed by utilizing the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique. An analysis utilizing the LCA technique was done per the Korea carbon footprint certification guidelines and, for scope of study, it included the premanufacturing stage and manufacturing stage except for the use and disposal stages. As a result of the study, the emission coefficient of the mineral paper was calculated to be $0.81kg\;CO_2eq/kg$ and the emission from electricity usage of the entire greenhouse gas emission was calculated to be 45.85% ($0.37kg\;CO_2eq/kg$). In order to reduce greenhouse gas emission, required are the efforts to reduce the environmental loads by using energies that have relatively lower environmental loads, such as improvement in electricity usage efficiency and renewable energy, by increasing product completion rates during the manufacturing process of mineral paper.

Field Emission Characteristics of Double-walled Carbon Nanotubes Related with Hydrochloric Acid Treatment (이중벽 탄소나노튜브의 염산처리 시간에 따른 전계방출 특성 평가)

  • Jung, Da-Mi;Sok, Jung-Hyun
    • Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.70-76
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    • 2011
  • High-quality double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were synthesized by catalytic decomposition method at $800^{\circ}C$ using Tetrahydrofuran. The as-synthesized DWCNTs typically have catalytic impurities and amorphous carbon, which were removed by two-step purification process, consisting of thermal oxidation and H2O2, HNO3, HCl treatment. The DWCNT suspension was prepared by dispersing the purified DWCNTs in an aqueous sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solution with horn-type sonication. This was then sprayed on ITO glass to fabricate CNT field emitters. The quality of purified DWCNTs was estimated with X-ray diffraction and Thermal Gravity Analysis. The field emission properties were improved by increasing the process time of HCl treatment.

An investigation and forecast on CO2 emission of China: Case studies of Beijing and Tianjin

  • Wen, Lei;Ma, Zeyang;Li, Yue;Li, Qiao
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.407-416
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    • 2017
  • $CO_2$ emission is increasingly focused by public. Beijing and Tianjin are conceived to be a new economic point of growth in China. However, both of them are suffering serious environmental stress. In order to seek for the effect of socioeconomic factors on the $CO_2$ emission of this region, a novel methodology -symbolic regression- is adopted to investigate the relationship between $CO_2$ emission and influential factors of Beijing and Tianjin. Based on this method, $CO_2$ emission models of Beijing and Tianjin are built respectively. The models results manifested that Beijing and Tianjin own different $CO_2$ emission indicators. The RMSE of models in Beijing and Tianjin are 255.39 and 603.99, respectively. Further analysis on indicators and forecast trend shows that $CO_2$ emission of Beijing expresses an inverted-U shaped curve, whilst Tianjin owns a monotonically increasing trend. From analytical results, it could be argued that the diversity rooted in different development orientation and the mixture of different natural and industrial environment. This research further expands the investigation on $CO_2$ emission of Beijing and Tianjin region, and can be used for reference in the study of carbon emissions in similar regions. Based on the investigation, several policy suggestions are presented.

Development of Emission Factors for Greenhouse Gas CO2) from Anthracite Fired Power Plants in Korea (무연탄 화력발전소의 이산화탄소 배출계수 개발)

  • Jeon, Eui-Chan;Myeong, Soo-Jeong;Jeong, Jae-Hak;Lee, Sung-Ho;Sa, Jae-Whan;Roh, Gi-Hwan;Kim, Ki-Hyun;Bae, Wi-Sup
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.440-448
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    • 2007
  • Although the anthracite power plant is an important source of greenhouse gas, research on this type of power plant has not been conducted much. The present study investigated the entire anthracite power plants in Korea and analyzed the emitted gas in connection with GC/FD and a methanizer in order to develop $CO_2$ emission factors. The study also sampled the anthracite to analyze the amount of carbon and hydrogen using an element analyzer, and to measure the calorie using an automatic calorie analyzer. The emission factors computed through the fuel analysis was 30.45 kg/GJ and that computed through the $CO_2$ gas analysis was 26.48 kg/GJ. The former is approximately about 15% higher than the latter. When compared the carbon content factors of anthracite with that of bituminous coal, the value of anthracite was 24% higher Compared with IPCC values, the emission factors by the fuel was 14% higher, and that by the emitted $CO_2$ gas was about 1.2% lower. More research is needed on our own emission factors of various energy-consuming facilities in order to stand on a higher position in international negotiations regarding the treaties on climate changes.

The Estimation of the Energy Consumption and $C0_2$ Emission at the Construction Stage in the Apartment Housing (공동주택 건설단계 공종별 에너지소비량 및 이산화탄소 배출량 산정연구)

  • Kim, Dae-Hee;Kwon, Bo-Min;Choi, Young-Oh;Lee, Kang-Hee
    • Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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    • 2006.11a
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    • pp.328-333
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    • 2006
  • A few methodologies have been recently developed to estimate the environmental affect when various materials and components are used in building life cycle. The direct survey method has limitations to analyze the environmental problems because of the limit of survey scope and cost. Therefore, another indirect method has been developed as alternatives. The indirect method is represented as input-output analysis. This paper aimed at analyzing the estimation the environmental affect of building materials and works at building construction, utilizing the input-output analysis as a indirect estimation method. The results suggested that the building works is overally responsible for the energy consumption and $CO_2$ emission. In other words, Over the 80% of the total consumption and $CO_2$ emission are resulted at the building work.

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Study on Improving Environmental Impact Assessment of Carbon Sink in the Greenhouse Gas Evaluation Criteria for Railway Construction Projects for Carbon Neutrality (탄소 중립을 위한 철도 건설 사업 온실가스 평가항목의 탄소흡수원 분야 환경영향평가 개선 방안 연구)

  • Hwang, Jin-hoo;Namuun, Tuvshinjargal;Won, Joo-hee;Kim, Min-jeong;Park, Da-hye;Jeon, Seong-woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.43-55
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    • 2023
  • The railway project is an essential green transportation tool that is considered suitable for the domestic and foreign policy direction of carbon neutrality, but there are some limitations, such as damaging important carbon absorption sources during construction. This study analyzed the environmental impact assessment related to carbon absorption sources of greenhouse gas evaluation items conducted during the railway project, and limitations and implications were derived. The analysis of environmental impact assessment guidelines related to railway projects and carbon absorption sources dealt with prediction and reduction methods related to carbon absorption sources, but guidelines, including environmentally friendly railway construction guidelines, lacked descriptions. Since the greenhouse gas environmental impact assessment, 83 railway project environmental impact assessments have been reviewed, but in some cases, carbon absorption-related predictions have not been implemented, or carbon absorption-related reduction measures have been insufficient. In addition, there were cases where there was a limit to calculating emissions and reduction or where the reduction value was insignificant compared to emissions. In order to supplement the environmental impact assessment in the field of carbon absorption sources related to railway construction projects, alternatives such as quantitative emission and low reduction calculation, review of the no net loss system using the total environmental resource system, and linkage with climate change impact assessment are needed.

Analysis of Life Cycle Assessment of Renovation Building Through Case Study (리모델링 건축물의 전과정 탄소배출량 사례 평가 분석)

  • Lim, Hyojin;Jang, Hyeongjae;Tae, Sungho
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2022.04a
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    • pp.47-48
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    • 2022
  • In Korea, construction and development has been continued rapidly since the 1970s, and the reconstruction and renovation market has recently been activated to improve old buildings. Most of the environmental evaluation of reconstruction and renovation projects is focused on the use of operating energy, and It is necessary to analyze carbon emissions throughout the life cycle for a comprehensive evaluation of reconstruction and remodeling projects. Therefore, this study quantitatively predicted carbon emissions from reconstruction and renovation based on ISO 14040s through case analysis for the purpose of evaluating the carbon emissions of renovated buildings from the perspective of the whole life cycle. In additional, the amount of carbon savings of each was analyzed through comparison with existing building.

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FIELD EMISSION FROM TRIODE FIELD EMITTER WITH PLANAR CARBON-NANOPARTICLE CATHODE

  • Park, Kyung-Ho;Seo, Woo-Jong;Lee, Soon-Il;Koh, Ken-Ha
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2002.08a
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    • pp.309-312
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    • 2002
  • Triode field emitters with planar-carbon-nanopaticle (CNP) cathodes were successfully fabricated using the conventional photolithography and the hotfilament chemical vapor deposition. Electron emission from a CNP triode emitter with a 12-${\mu}m$-diameter gate hole started at the gate voltage of 45 V, and the anode current reached the level of ${\sim}120$ nA at the gate voltage of 60 V, respectively. For the quantitative analysis of the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) type emission from a CNP triode emitter, we carried out 2dimensional numerical calculation of electrostatic potential using the finite element method. As it turned out, a radial variation of electric field was very important to account for the emission from a planar emitting layer. By assuming the graphitic work function of 5 eV for CNPs, we were able to extract a consistent set of F-N parameters, together with the radial position of emitting sites.

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Long Term Affecting Factors on Major Water Quality Items of Landfill Leachate (매립장 침출수 주요 수질항목에 대한 장기 영향요소)

  • Chun, Seung-Kyu;Kim, Min Hyuk;Won, Jong Chul
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.24-33
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    • 2021
  • Analysis of long term affecting factors on water quality items of gas emission form (BOD, COD) and leachate emission form (T-N, non-bio-degradable COD (NBDCOD)) was performed for the SUDOKWON 1st Landfill Site (LS1) and 2nd Landfill Site (LS2). As landfill gas was generated, BOD and COD decreased from 6,887 and 20,025 mg/L in 1993 to 49.5 and 670.2 mg/L in 2019, respectively. TN and NBDCOD increased with waste decomposition but gradually decreased after landfill closure because of the precipitation infiltration effect. Due to the drastic decline of carbon in the leachate, the BOD/TN ratios of LS1 and LS2 declined from 13.0 and 17.0 during early stage of the landfill to 0.07 and 0.16 in 2019, respectively; LS2 and NBDCOD/COD increased from 0.25 to 0.65 during the same period. These conditions caused carbon deficiency in denitrification treatment and a chemical post-treatment request for NBDCOD. The different behaviors of gas emission and leachate emission items suggest the necessity of different strategic approaches in the long term perspective.