• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

In the power generation industry, various efforts are needed to cope with tightening regulation on carbon dioxide emission. Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is a relatively environmentally friendly power generation method using coal. Moreover, pre-combustion $CO_2$ capture is possible in the IGCC system. Therefore, much effort is being made to develop advanced IGCC systems. However, removal of $CO_2$ prior to the gas turbine may affect the system performance and operation because the fuel flow, which is supplied to the gas turbine, is reduced in comparison with normal IGCC plants. This study predicts, through a parametric analysis, system performances of both an IGCC plant using normal syngas and a plant with $CO_2$ capture. Performance characteristics are compared and influence of $CO_2$ capture is discussed. By removing $CO_2$ from the syngas, the heating value of the fuel increases, and thus the required fuel flow to the gas turbine is reduced. The resulting reduction in turbine flow lowers the compressor pressure ratio, which alleviates the compressor surge problem. The performance of the bottoming cycle is not influenced much.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.896-904
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• 2011

The features of the capture reaction of $CO_2$ by ammonia solution have been investigated along with the effect of temperature on the reaction based upon computer program-utilizing calculation and thermodynamic estimation. The stable region of $CO{_3}^{2-}$ was observed to increase with temperature and the change of the stable region of $CO{_3}^{2-}$ with temperature was greater than the temperature variation of the stable region of other carbonate species. The distribution diagram for $NH_4{^+}-NH_3$ system was constructed and the rise of temperature resulted in the decrease of the stability of $NH_4{^+}$ ion, which was thought to be due to the endothermic nature of its acidic dissociation. Considering the introduction of $Ca^{2+}$ ion in the carbon capture reaction by $NH_4{^+}$, the temperature was observed to be important in the determination of the order of reaction between carbonate ion and these cations. The removal process of $CO_2$ gas by ammonia solution was presumed to occur in open system and the temperature variations of the concentration of carbonate system species along with their total concentration were calculated for the proper control and design of the real process.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.239-251
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 온실가스 배출을 감축하기 위해 메탄올을 추진 연료로 사용하는 선박에 수소 연료전지 시스템이 추가된 하이브리드 시스템 공정을 설계하였다. Case1에서는 메탄올 연료 엔진 시스템을 설계하여, 엔진에 가솔린 대신 메탄올을 연료로 공급했을 때의 배기가스 배출량을 알아보았다. Case2에서는 Case1에 메탄올 개질 시스템을 추가해, 수소연료전지 시스템을 설계하였다. 이 하이브리드 시스템에서는 그레이 수소를 생산하며, 엔진과 연료전지의 출력을 조합하여 선박을 구동한다. 하지만 그레이 수소는 수소를 생산하는 과정에서 탄소를 배출한다는 단점이 있다. 이 점을 보안하기 위해 Case3에서는 CCU시스템을 추가하였다. Case2에서 배출한 Flue gas의 이산화탄소를 포집한 후, 그레이 수소와 합성해 블루 메탄올을 생산하였다. 본 연구에서는 Case study를 통해 개질 온도220℃, 개질 압력500kPa, SCR은 1.0, flow ratio가 0.7일 때 최적의 운전조건임을 알 수 있었다. Case3의 시스템은 Case1에 비해 탄소 배출량을 42% 감소시켰다. 결과적으로, Case3의 하이브리드 시스템을 통해 선박의 이산화탄소 배출을 유의미하게 저감할 수 있을 것으로 예상한다.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2023

Effects of viscoelastic foundation on vibration of curved-beam structure with clamped and simply-supported boundary conditions is investigated in this study. In doing so, a micro-scale laminate composite beam with two piezoelectric face layer with a carbon nanotube reinforces composite core is considered. The whole beam structure is laid on a viscoelastic substrate which normally occurred in actual conditions. Due to small scale of the structure non-classical elasticity theory provided more accurate results. Therefore, nonlocal strain gradient theory is employed here to capture both nano-scale effects on carbon nanotubes and microscale effects because of overall scale of the structure. Equivalent homogenous properties of the composite core is obtained using Halpin-Tsai equation. The equations of motion is derived considering energy terms of the beam and variational principle in minimizing total energy. The boundary condition is assumed to be clamped at one end and simply supported at the other end. Due to nonlinear terms in the equations of motion, semi-analytical method of general differential quadrature method is engaged to solve the equations. In addition, due to complexity in developing and solving equations of motion of arches, an artificial neural network is design and implemented to capture effects of different parameters on the inplane vibration of sandwich arches. At the end, effects of several parameters including nonlocal and gradient parameters, geometrical aspect ratios and substrate constants of the structure on the natural frequency and amplitude is derived. It is observed that increasing nonlocal and gradient parameters have contradictory effects of the amplitude and frequency of vibration of the laminate beam.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2013

A gasification process with pre-combustion $CO_2$ capture process, which converts coal into environment-friendly synthetic gas, might be promising option for sustainable energy conversion. In the coal gasification for power generation, coal is converted into $H_2$, CO and $CO_2$. To reduce the cost of $CO_2$ capture and to maximize hydrogen production, the removal of CO and the additional production of hydrogen might be needed. In this study, a 2l/min water gas shift system for a coal gasifier has been studied. To control the concentration of major components such as $H_2$, CO, and $CO_2$, MFCs were used in experimental apparatus. The gas concentration in these experiments was equal with syngas concentration from dry coal gasifiers ($H_2$: 25-35, CO: 60-65, $CO_2$: 5-15 vol%). The operation conditions of the WGS system were $200-400^{\circ}C$, 1-10bar. Steam/Carbon ratios were between 2.0 and 5.0. The commercial catalysts were used in the high temperature shift reactor and the low temperature shift reactor. As steam/carbon ratio increased, the conversion (1-$CO_{out}/CO_{in}$) increased from 93% to 97% at the condition of CO: 65, $H_2$: 30, $CO_2$: 5%. However the conversion decreased with increasing of gas flow and temperature. The gas concentration from LTS was $H_2$: 54.7-60.0, $CO_2$: 38.8-44.9, CO: 0.3-1%.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.58-67
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• 2023

While extensive research is being conducted to reduce greenhouse gases in industrial fields, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has implemented regulations to actively reduce CO₂ emissions from ships, such as energy efficiency design index (EEDI), energy efficiency existing ship index (EEXI), energy efficiency operational indicator (EEOI), and carbon intensity indicator (CII). These regulations play an important role for the design and operation of ships. However, the calculation of the index and indicator might be complex depending on the types and size of the ship. Here, to calculate the EEDI of two target vessels, first, the ships were set as Deadweight (DWT) 50K container and 300K very large crude-oil carrier (VLCC) considering the type and size of those ships along with the engine types and power. Equations and parameters from the marine pollution treaty (MARPOL) Annex VI, IMO marine environment protection committee (MEPC) resolution were used to estimate the EEDI and their changes. Technical measures were subsequently applied to satisfy the IMO regulations, such as reducing speed, energy saving devices (ESD), and onboard CO₂ capture system. Process simulation model using Aspen Plus v10 was developed for the onboard CO₂ capture system. The obtained results suggested that the fuel change from Marine diesel oil (MDO) to liquefied natural gas (LNG) was the most effective way to reduce EEDI, considering the limited supply of the alternative clean fuels. Decreasing ship speed was the next effective option to meet the regulation until Phase 4. In case of container, the attained EEDI while converting fuel from Diesel oil (DO) to LNG was reduced by 27.35%. With speed reduction, the EEDI was improved by 21.76% of the EEDI based on DO. Pertaining to VLCC, 27.31% and 22.10% improvements were observed, which were comparable to those for the container. However, for both vessels, additional measure is required to meet Phase 5, demanding the reduction of 70%. Therefore, onboard CO₂ capture system was designed for both KCS (Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering (KRISO) container ship) and KVLCC2 (KRISO VLCC) to meet the Phase 5 standard in the process simulation. The absorber column was designed with a diameter of 1.2-3.5 m and height of 11.3 m. The stripper column was 0.6-1.5 m in diameter and 8.8-9.6 m in height. The obtained results suggested that a combination of ESD, speed reduction, and fuel change was effective for reducing the EEDI; and onboard CO₂ capture system may be required for Phase 5.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.6439-6444
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• 2015

지구온난화 방지를 위해 이산화탄소를 제거하는 다양한 방법 중 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장 기술이 가장 유망한 기술로 부각되고 있다. 이산화탄소 포집 및 저장기술이 상용화되기 위해서는 저가의 효율적인 흡수제 개발이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 금속 나노입자를 이용하여 이산화탄소 흡수속도를 촉진하는 연구를 수행하였다. 코발트, 아연, 니켈의 세 가지 금속나노입자를 합성하였으며 나노입자 합성 방법 중 습식법과 건식법에 의한 영향을 비교 분석하였다. pH 변화를 이용한 이산화탄소 흡수 속도 측정 결과 습식법으로 제조한 니켈 금속나노입자가 가장 우수한 이산화탄소 흡수 속도 촉진효과를 보였다. 금속 나노입자를 이산화탄소 포집공정에 적용할 경우 흡수탑의 크기를 작게 하여 경제적인 공정 구현이 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.80.2-80.2
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• 2017

We present chemical and kinematic properties of the Milky Way's halo system investigated by carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars identified from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We first map out fractions of CEMP-no stars (those having no over-abundances of neutron-capture elements) and CEMP-s stars (those with over-enhancements of the s-process elements) in the inner- and outer-halo populations, separated by their spatial distribution of carbonicity ([C/Fe]). Among CEMP stars, the CEMP-no and CEMP-s objects are classified by different levels of absolute carbon abundances, A(C). We investigate characteristics of rotation velocity and orbital eccentric for these subclasses for each halo population. Any distinct kinematic features identified between the two categories in each halo region provide important clues on the origin of the dichotomy of the Galactic halo.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.873-879
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• 2011

Adsorption experiment of carbon dioxide was performed on MCM41 silica impregnated with two kinds of EDA(ethylenediamine) and MEA(monoethanolamine). The prepared adsorbents were characterized by BET surface area, X-ray diffraction and FT-IR. The $CO_2$ capture study was investigated in a U type packed column with GC/TCD. The results of XRD for MCM-41 and amine-impregnated MCM41 showed typical the hexagonal pore system. BET results showed the MCM 41 impregnated amine to have a surface area of 141 $m^2/g$ to 595 $m^2/g$ and FT-IR revealed a N-H functional group at about 1400$cm^{-1}$ to 1600$cm^{-1}$. The $CO_2$ adsorption capacity on EDA and MEA was as follow: MCM41-EDA30 > MCM41 -EDA40 >MCM41-EDA20 >MCM-EDA10 and MCM41-MEA40 >MCM41-MEA30 > MCM41-MEA20> MCM41-MEA10. The MCM41-EDA30 showed the highest adsorption capacity due to physical adsorption and chemical adsorption by amino-group content. The results suggest that mesoporous media with EDA is effective adsorbent for $CO_2$ capture from flue gases.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.385-393
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• 2016

Oxidative and thermal degradation of alkanolamines for a promising $CO_2$ capture technology of absorption might cause decrease in $CO_2$ capture efficiency and formation of hazardous byproducts. In this study, characteristics of a representative absorbent of monoehtanolamine (MEA) were examined for a long term operation using a laboratory scale absorption system. An $CO_2$ absorption system with ID 56 mm and absorption zone height 100 cm was developed for the characterization. Absorption solution of 30 wt% MEA was circulated at 100 mL/min to treat air with 15% $CO_2$ and 1 ppm NO at 10 L/min. Temperatures of absorber and stripper were maintained at $40^{\circ}C$ and $120^{\circ}C$, respectively. For the course of 5 weeks continuous operation, MEA concentration was decreased approximately by 70% and $CO_2$ removal efficiency was dropped from 95% to 65%. Ionic byproducts of $NH_4{^+}$, $NO_2{^-}$, and $NO_3{^-}$ were accumulated up to 48 g/mL, 0.2 g/mL, and 1.5 g/mL, respectively, tracking the variation of MEA concentration. Formation of various organic byproducts were also observed.