• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was improving the rheology properties of dentifrice by finding optimum binders polymer system which consists of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), carbomer, and Mg/Al silicate. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to investigate the correlation between polymers and rheological properties of dentifrice and to optimize responses. Rheological properties were measured with oscillatory rheometer. As a result, it was identified that gel strength and yield stress were dependent on contents of CMC and carbomer and CMC caused long stringiness of dentifrice. And springness of dentifrice was dependent on contents of CMC and Mg/Al silicate. Optimum components proportion of polymers and silicate were obtained by responses optimization process. According to determined optimum components proportion, it was possible to observe a dentifrice with improved rheological properties.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.367-372
• /
• 2010

Rabeprazole sodium (RPN) is known to be very unstable at acidic condition or some acidic pharmaceutical excipients such as acrylic acid polymer (carbomer 934) with carboxylic acids. Thus, degradation mechanism of binary blends of rabeprazole with pharmaceutical excipients in a solid state without using solvents at three different ratios (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3) was investigated using Fourier transform infrad (FTIR) spectroscopy. Alkalizer (MgO), neutral hydroxypropymethylcellulose (HPMC 4000) were also tested for comparison. The binary blends were stored under accelerated conditions ($40^{\circ}C$/75% relative humidity) for two weeks. The concentration of thioether rabeprazole from the binary blends with acidic carbomer 934 increased as the rabeprazole concentration decreased. In addition, the degradation half-life of rabeprazole as well as the relative peak area ratios obtained from FTIR spectra of S=O stretching at $1094.1\;cm^{-1}$ decreased consistently as the fraction of carbomer 934 increased due to its sensitivity between the basic benzimidazole nitrogen and carboxylic acid group of carbomer 934. The physical appearance also turned into strong brown color in the presence of carbomer 934. In contrast, there were no significant changes in the degradation kinetics of rabeprazole with MgO and HPMC 4000 in a solid state. This present study demonstrated that the solid-state compatibility test with the aid of HPLC chromatographic and FTIR spectral analyses could offer a valuable methodology to select suitable pharmaceutical excipients and to elucidate the degradation mechanism of RPN for drug formulations at the early formulation stages.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1994.04a
• /
• pp.346-346
• /
• 1994

1. 위장관통과 실험결과 polycarbphil 흑은 carbomer로 코팅한 생체막점착성 마이크로캅셀 모두가 Eudragit RS/RL 마이크로캅셀보다 위 및 소장상부에 다량 존재하는 것으로 보아 Polymer의 생체막점착성에 의해 제제의 위내용배출이 억제되었음을 알 수 있었다. 2. Polycarbophil 흑은 carbomer로 코팅한 생체점착성 마이크로캅셀의 AUC는 Eudragit RS/RL 마이크로캅셀의 결과에 비해 현저히 증가되었다. Polycarbophil로 코팅한 생체막점착성 마이크로캅셀은 carbomer로 코팅한 제제에 비해 Cm의 증가뿐아니라 전체적인 약물흡수의 증가와 높은 혈중농도의 지속을 보여주어 생체막점착성 제제의 이상적인 약물흡수패턴을 보여주었다. 3. 흡수속도효율 (ARE)면에서 생체막점착성 마이크로캅셀이 코팅전의 마이크로캅셀에 비해 약간 떨어졌으나, polycarbophil 코팅제제의 경우 전체적인 흡수양상이 마이크로캅셀에 비해 우수하고 또한 제어방출효율 (CRE)이 현저하게 증가되어 생체막점착성 제제로서의 유용성을 확인할 수 있었다. 4. 위내용배출의 지연효과, AUC, CRE 등을 종합해 볼때, Polycarbophil 로 코팅한 생체막점착성 마이크로캅셀은 투여횟수의 감소 및 생체이용율을 향상시키는 유용한 제제로 평가되었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.339-345
• /
• 1995

For the effective treatment of aphthous stomatitis, the matrix type mucoadhesive patches containing triamcinolone acetonide have been formulated. The drug layer was obtained by drying the polymer gel which was prepared with carbomer 934P, ammoniomethacrylate copolymer, titanium dioxide and polyethylene glycol 400. The effects of the content of additives on physical characteristics of the polymer gel and the drug layer were evaluated. The addition of carbomer increased the yield point and the zero-shear viscosity of polymer gel as well as the thickness, the water absorption ratio, the adhesive time and $T_{50%}$ of drug layer. The adhesive time and the water absorption ratio of drug layer were also improved by the addition of ammoniomethacrylate copolymer, but the addition of titanium dioxide had decreased the zero-shear viscosity of polymer gel and the adhesive time of drug layer.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.96-104
• /
• 1998

It was possible to produce W/O/W one step multiple emulsion on the system which satisfied following conditions. 1. 1-5％ of hydrophilic liquid surfactant over HLB20 and lipophilic liquid surfactant which has HLB 3∼5 2. Non wax copolymers as oil thickener 3. More than 0.5％ of carbomer as aqueous thickener 4. The manufacturing process which neutralize the dispersed carbomer (2.0％ in water), after emulsifying. For the selective addition into inner and outer aqueous phase, we melted the glucose in water before emulsifying. Using an Anthrone analysis method, we analyzed the encapsulation yield of glucose in inner water phase. It was possible to raise the water encapsulation yield of the multiple emulsion through the following conditions. 1. Using of anionic hydrophilic surfactant(HLB 40) and lipophilic surfactant (HLB 3∼5) 2. Controlling the ratio of hydrophilic surfactant and lipophilic surfactant 3. Strengthening interface with increase of non wax oil thickener. When the separated adding process of glucose was adopted, approximately 85％ of glucose was added selectively within inner aqueous phase.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.29 no.11
• /
• pp.311-316
• /
• 2024

Anti-histamines are drugs used to relieve allergic diseases such as urticaria. Loratadine is a second-generation ant-ihistamine that works better with fewer side effects such as sleepiness and headaches. However, even if the effect is good, it takes a long time for the effect to take a pill. The method of delivering drugs to the skin is a way to overcome these shortcomings and show quick effects. Therefore, hydrogels containing Loratadine were produced and their properties were evaluated. The content of Loratadine was more than 98%, and the uniformity of the contents was good. When manufacturing hydrogels, the higher the amount of carbomer, the higher the viscosity of the gel. As a result of evaluation of the prepared hydrogel, it was obtained that most of it fell within the range of commercially available gels.

• Polymer(Korea)
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.802-808
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop an aloin-loaded wound dressing with an enhanced healing effect. The cross-linked hydrogel films were prepared with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and carboxyl methyl cellulose (CMC) using a freeze-thawing (F-T) method. Their gel properties, release of drug, in vivo wound healing effect and histopathology were then evaluated. In the wound healing test, this aloin loaded PVA/CMC hydrogel showed faster healing of the wound made in rat dorsum than the aloin carbomer 934 gel or the control (carbomer 934 gel) due to phytochemical activity of aloin and moisture of CMC. In conclusion, the aloin-loaded wound dressing composed of 5% PVA, 5% CMC and 0.125% aloin is a potential wound dressing with enhanced wound healing effect.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1993.11a
• /
• pp.21-24
• /
• 1993

Many attempts have been made to use hydrogel as del ivory systems for various drug and vioactive materials to prolong and control their pharmacological activities. Rectal administration of drugs by using hydrogel bases, such as poloxamer ABA block copolymer (Pluronic F-127) gels, polyacrylic acid (Carbomer 934, 940, or 941) aqueous gels, and polyvilyl alcohol gels, have been reported on the preparation and potential suppository use of new gels(Eudragit L, Eudragit S, and Eudispert) that are block copolymers of methacrylic acid and methyl methacrylate. If) These hydrogel and xerogel preparations, especially Eudispert hv gels, show excellent staying and bioadhesive effects in the lower part of the rectum in rats and rabbits compared with those of polyethylene glycol (PEG)2000 and Witepsol H-15(or S-55) suppositories. Visual and optical microscopic observation of rectal membrances indicated no irritation or abnormality after administration of Eudispert hv tydrogel and xerogel.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.31 no.1 s.49
• /
• pp.85-89
• /
• 2005

An aim of this study is to study the correlation between rheological properties and sedimentation of capsules in aqueous polymer solution with low viscosity. Rheological properties of aqueous polymer solutions were controlled by carbomer (C), acylate/C10-30 alkyl acylate crosspolymer (AC), and ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer (AV). Small amount of polymer C solution had the highest viscosity and yield stress of polymer AV solution was higher than that of polymer C solution in the same viscosity when the concentration of polymer AV exceeded $0.35 wt\%$. Each aqueous polymer solution was tested and the results showed that as viscosity and yield stress increased, the sedimentation ratio of capsules decreased. The viscoelasticity data also showed the same tendency in a shear stress range of 0.1 to 2.0 Pa. These results demonstrated that the rheological properties of polymer solutions had a strong correlation with the sedimentation of capsules. When polymer I and AV were used, there was a synergistic effect and the correlation between rheological properties and sedimentation of capsules was very complicated. It was assumed that the characteristics of polymer structure and interaction between polymers caused this phenomena.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 2007

The rheological properties and surface tensions of polymer solutions and polymer-surfactant mixed solutions were investigated. The polymers used in this study were a homopolymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with an allyl ether of pentaerythritol, an allyl ether of sucrose, or an allyl ether of propylene (CARBOMER), acylate/C10-30 alkyl acylate crosspolymer (AAAC), and ammonium acryloydimethyltaurate/VP copolymer (ADTV). A solubilizing agent PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-40) and an emulsifying agent polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (POLYSORBATE 60) made the micelles intervening between AAAC polymers, resulting in the increase of viscosity. However, HCO-40 made this behavior over the wider range of surfactant concentration than POLYSORBATE 60. From the view point of surface tensions in the same range of surfactant concentration, AAAC/HCO-40 solution showed the area of increasing surface tension with surfactant concentration in contrast to the AAAC/POLYSORBATE 60 solution showing no increasing area.