• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2000

To measure the fuel consumption rate of a vehicle, a car is tested on chassis dynamometer following given driving mode. But the fuel consumption rate measured by this method may be somewhat different from that measured in on-road driving conditions. It may be due to not considering road grade in driving modes. In this study, new driving modes which include road grade are proposed, and the simulation program to estimate the real driving fuel consumption rate of a vehicle is developed. On-road car tests to verify the simulation program are carried out and the results of the simulation are analysed and compared with those of the experiments.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

컴퓨터와 레이싱 게임을 하다보면 플레이어 자동차가 처음부터 끝까지 순위를 앞서가거나 퍼지카(Fuzzycar)가 매일 이기게 되면 대부분의 플레이어들은 몇 번만으로 그 게임에 대하여 금방 관심을 멀리 할 것이다. 이것을 해결하고 레이싱 게임에서 많은 재미를 위해서 무엇보다 중요한 것은 순위를 결정하는 일이다. 본 논문에서는 레이싱 게임에 재미를 주기 위해서 퍼지카를 만들어 플레이어와 대결하게 하였다. 선행 퍼지카는 플레이어 자동차보다 앞서 달리고 있기 때문에 뒤에 오는 플레이어 자동차의 속도와 거리의 변화로 인하여 플레이어 자동차와의 대상 행동을 식별하여 퍼지카가 기억하고 있는 기억 내용을 변경하지만 실제의 행동은 실행하지 않는다. 퍼지카가 의사결정을 하려면 타이머가 부여된 상태에서 기억한 내용을 가지고 순위 경쟁을 위한 행동을 한다. 또한 후행 퍼지카도 기억 내용은 다르지만 앞 내용과 같은 방법으로 작동한다. 실험에서는 실제의 값을 테스트 프로그램에 적응하여 순위 경쟁을 위한 결과를 도출하였다. 단순한 if-then 보다는 fuzzy logic을 이용한 방법이 퍼지카의 다양한 행동을 모델링한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

This research is based on the information compiled on the occurrence of maritime casualties onboard ships registered under Central American Region (CAR) flag States. Due to nonexistence of writing reports in anyone of the countries that are integrating this Region, the information was compiled by the author through personal communication with the people involved in the casualties. The information was compiled by typing up the text and digitizing on the computer for the respective data base. For each casualty occurred, the following information was compiled, date and type of the casualty, position of the ship at the time of the casualty, dimension of the ship, number of people affected by the casualty, and cause and consequences of the casualty. Based on the number of people affected (death and disappear) by the casualties occurred was calculated the mortality rate by 100,000 persons and then compared with the Japanese mortality rate. Furthermore were analyzed the CAR maritime authorities competences and then were compared to that the Japanese counter part. In addition, the implementation rate of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Labor Organization (ILO) conventions ratified by the CAR countries were analyzed. The objective of this research was to compiled and analyze the occurrences of maritime casualties happened on board the ships registered under the CAR Flag States, in order to determine the causes of these accidents. The results of the analysis enable us to better understand of the maritime safety situation of the ships that are registered under the CAR flag States. In order to reduce the occurrence of maritime casualties are proposed a series of measures based on the differences found then the comparison between CAR and Japan. Based on the results of this research, is possible to conclude that the inaccessibility of atmospheric information and the lack of safety measures onboard has been the main cause of the maritime casualties happened in the Pacific side of the CAR.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.643-656
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• 2019

인터넷을 비롯한 SNS의 발달은 렌터카 서비스를 IT기반의 카쉐어링 서비스로 변모시켰다. 카쉐어링 서비스는 비대면 온라인으로 자동차를 빌릴 수 있는 서비스로써 혼술, 혼밥에 익숙한 청년층이 선호하는 서비스가 되었다. 스마트폰을 이용하여 차종과 시각을 예약하고 가까운 지정 주차장에 가서 스마트폰으로 자동차문을 열고 운전을 하며 주행 거리만큼 후불 결재를 하는 아주 편리한 서비스이다. 그러나 운전 면허증이 없는 미성년자가 지인이 빌린 차를 대신 운전할 수도 있고, 카쉐어링 업체에 회원가입 할 때에 등록한 면허의 상태가 차를 빌리거나 운전 중에 면허 정지나 취소로 변동될 수 있으며 심지어는 음주상태인 사람이 차를 빌려 운전을 할 수도 있는 등의 문제점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 방안을 연구하였으며 제안한 방법은 가급적 카쉐어링 서비스 업체의 투자비용과 사용자의 불편함을 줄일 수 있는 방법이며 기존의 방법과 비교 및 분석하였다. 현재 카쉐어링 업체들은 회원 가입시에 휴대폰 본인인증, 본인 면허증등록, 본인 명의결제 정보등록을 철저히 요구하고 있다. 제안한 방법중에 '고객과의 영상통화 및 질의응답' 방법은 부적격한 다수의 운전자들이 돌아가면서 운전하는 것까지 막을 수 있으며 '보호자에게 문자전송' 방법은 간단한 방법이지만 효과적인 예방 방법이다. 제안한 방법이 효율적으로 활용되려면 카쉐어링 업체의 적극적인 운영과 정부의 정책이 뒷받침되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 휠체어 장애인이 마트에서 손쉽게 장을 볼 수 있도록 도와줄 수 있는 자율주행 쇼핑카트 시스템의 개발 방법을 제안한다. 이 시스템은 휠체어 장애인이 직접 쇼핑카트를 끌지 않아도 휠체어 장애인의 움직임 인식하고 자동으로 따라올 수 있도록 개발되었다. 이 시스템은 휠체어 장애인의 움직임을 인식하기 위해 키넥트를 활용하며, 이를 통해 직진, 우회전, 좌회전을 판단하고, 그 결과에 따라 RC-car를 이용하여 쇼핑카트 주행을 제어한다. 이 시스템을 이용함으로써 휠체어 장애인의 쇼핑 불편함을 해소시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제6권12호
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• pp.3683-3693
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• 1999

차량 번호판 인식 시스템의 개발에 있어서, 빛의 양 변화 및 번호판 인쇄 상태가 다양한 자연 환경에서의 높은 인식성능과 시스템 안정성 확보가 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 명암도 변화와 칼라정보를 단계별로 사용하여 이러한 문제를 해결하는 시스템을 제안한다. 다양한 번호판 상태와 종류의 차량영상에 대하여 안정적으로 동작하게 하기 위하여, 먼저 명암도 변화 횟수를 이용하여 다수의 번호판 후보 밴드(띠)를 찾는다. 상당히 어둡거나 밝게 입력된 영상에 대하여도 동일한 인식 성능을 얻기 위하여 후보밴드에 대하여 칼라정보를 이용한 밝기 조정을 수행하고, 정확한 번호판 경계를 추출하기 위하여 번호판 배경색에 근거한 이진화 및 윤곽선 추적을 수행한다. 각 번호판 후보 영역에 대하여 문자추출 및 문자인식을 병행하여 번호판 영역을 확정함으로써 번호판 추출 및 인식률을 높인다. 제안된 방법의 성능을 확인하기 위하여 다양한 환경에서 촬영된 200장의 영상에 대하여 인식 실험을 수행한 결과, 제안된 방법이 차량 번호판의 자동인식에 우수한 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 한국ITS학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국ITS학회 2008년도 제7회 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.211-220
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• 2008

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제29권3D호
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• pp.363-371
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• 2009

자동차 창유리 틴팅암도 규제를 위한 도로교통법 개정이 상당기간 논란이 되고 있다. 이는 과도한 선팅이 안전에 위협을 준다는 가설에 기초한다. 그러나 일부 운전자들은 여전히 이를 불필요한 규제로 보는 시각도 상존한다. 한편, 틴팅차량(Window tinting)이 교통류에 미치는 영향을 직접적으로 자료를 취득하여 분석한 구체적인 실험연구는 전무하다. 본 연구는 시각을 달리하여 과도한 선팅차량이 후미차량에 영향을 끼쳐 용량저해 요인으로 작용할 수도 있다는 가설을 세우고 이를 분석하기 위한 자료수집 방법을 구상하고 실현하여 취득한 현장자료로 가설이 참임을 입증하기 위한 개연성을 확인하는 기초연구를 수행하였다. 틴팅차량 후미를 주행하는 차량의 미시적 운행자료를 정밀하게 측정하는 방안으로 본 연구는 RTK GPS 수신장치를 활용한 방법을 구상하였다. 미시적(Microscopic) 분석을 위해서 차량추종(Car-following) 상태인 세 차량의 상대적 측위 및 속도를 매 0.1초 마다 측정해내는 것을 목표로 설정하였다. 측정된 자료를 이용하여 통행속도, 차두시간(Time headway), 차두거리(Distance headway) 및 가속소음(Acceleration noise)을 분석하였다. 제한적인 현장실험이었으나 분석을 통해 선행차량의 틴팅 수준이 높아질수록 교통류의 불안정성이 높아지는 경향을 실측자료로 확인할 수 있었다. 제시된 RTK GPS 수신장치를 통한 현장자료 수집방법을 활용하여 다양한 도로교통 및 운전자를 고려한 확대연구는 향후 연구로 남긴다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2009

We conclude the following with air pollution data measured from city measurement net administered and managed in Gwangju for the last 7 years from January in 2001 to December in 2007. In addition, some major statistics governed by Gwangju city and data administered by Gwangju as national official statistics obtained by estimating the amount of national air pollutant emission from National Institute of Environmental Research were used. The results are as follows ; 1. The distribution by main managements of air emission factory is the following ; Gwangju City Hall(67.8%) > Gwangsan District Office(13.6%) > Buk District Office(9.8%) > Seo District Office(5.5%) > Nam District Office(3.0%) > Dong District Office(0.3%) and the distribution by districts of air emission factory ; Buk District(32.8%) > Gwangsan District(22.4%) > Seo District(21.8%) > Nam District(14.9%) > Dong District(8.1%). That by types(Year 2004~2007 average) is also following ; Type 5(45.2%) > Type 4(40.7%) > Type 3(8.6%) > Type 2(3.2%) > Type 1(2.2%) and the most of them are small size of factory, Type 4 and 5. 2. The distribution by districts of the number of car registrations is the following ; Buk District(32.8%) > Gwangsan District(22.4%) > Seo District(21.8%) > Nam District(14.9%) > Dong District(8.1%) and the distribution by use of car fuel in 2001 ; Gasoline(56.3%) > Diesel(30.3%) > LPG(13.4%) > etc.(0.2%). In 2007, there was no ranking change ; Gasoline(47.8%) > Diesel(35.6%) > LPG(16.2%) >etc.(0.4%). The number of gasoline cars increased slightly, but that of diesel and LPG cars increased remarkably. 3. The distribution by items of the amount of air pollutant emission in Gwangju is the following; CO(36.7%) > NOx(32.7%) > VOC(26.7%) > SOx(2.3%) > PM-10(1.5%). The amount of CO and NOx, which are generally generated from cars, is very large percentage among them. 4. The distribution by mean of air pollutant emission(SOx, NOx, CO, VOC, PM-10) of each county for 5 years(2001~2005) is the following ; Buk District(31.0%) > Gwangsan District(28.2%) > Seo District(20.4%) > Nam District(12.5%) > Dong District(7.9%). The amount of air pollutant emission in Buk District, which has the most population, car registrations, and air pollutant emission businesses, was the highest. On the other hand, that of air pollutant emission in Dong District, which has the least population, car registrations, and air pollutant emission businesses, was the least. 5. The average rates of SOx for 5 years(2001~2005) in Gwangju is the following ; Non industrial combustion(59.5%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(20.4%) > Road transportation(11.4%) > Non-road transportation(3.8%) > Waste disposal(3.7%) > Production process(1.1%). And the distribution of average amount of SOx emission of each county is shown as Gwangsan District(33.3%) > Buk District(28.0%) > Seo District(19.3%) > Nam District(10.2%) > Dong District(9.1%). 6. The distribution of the amount of NOx emission in Gwangju is shown as Road transportation(59.1%) > Non-road transportation(18.9%) > Non industrial combustion(13.3%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(6.9%) > Waste disposal(1.6%) > Production process(0.1%). And the distribution of the amount of NOx emission from each county is the following ; Buk District(30.7%) > Gwangsan District(28.8%) > Seo District(20.5%) > Nam District(12.2%) > Dong District(7.8%). 7. The distribution of the amount of carbon monoxide emission in Gwangju is shown as Road transportation(82.0%) > Non industrial combustion(10.6%) > Non-road transportation(5.4%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(1.7%) > Waste disposal(0.3%). And the distribution of the amount of carbon monoxide emission from each county is the following ; Buk District(33.0%) > Seo District(22.3%) > Gwangsan District(21.3%) > Nam District(14.3%) > Dong District(9.1%). 8. The distribution of the amount of Volatile Organic Compound emission in Gwangju is shown as Solvent utilization(69.5%) > Road transportation(19.8%) > Energy storage & transport(4.4%) > Non-road transportation(2.8%) > Waste disposal(2.4%) > Non industrial combustion(0.5%) > Production process(0.4%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(0.3%). And the distribution of the amount of Volatile Organic Compound emission from each county is the following ; Gwangsan District(36.8%) > Buk District(28.7%) > Seo District(17.8%) > Nam District(10.4%) > Dong District(6.3%). 9. The distribution of the amount of minute dust emission in Gwangju is shown as Road transportation(76.7%) > Non-road transportation(16.3%) > Non industrial combustion(6.1%) > Combustion in manufacturing industry(0.7%) > Waste disposal(0.2%) > Production process(0.1%). And the distribution of the amount of minute dust emission from each county is the following ; Buk District(32.8%) > Gwangsan District(26.0%) > Seo District(19.5%) > Nam District(13.2%) > Dong District(8.5%). 10. According to the major source of emission of each items, that of oxides of sulfur is Non industrial combustion, heating of residence, business and agriculture and stockbreeding. And that of NOx, carbon monoxide, minute dust is Road transportation, emission of cars and two-wheeled vehicles. Also, that of VOC is Solvent utilization emission facilities due to Solvent utilization. 11. The concentration of sulfurous acid gas has been 0.004ppm since 2001 and there has not been no concentration change year by year. It is considered that the use of sulfurous acid gas is now reaching to the stabilization stage. This is found by the facts that the use of fuel is steadily changing from solid or liquid fuel to low sulfur liquid fuel containing very little amount of sulfur element or gas, so that nearly no change in concentration has been shown regularly. 12. Concerning changes of the concentration of throughout time, the concentration of NO has been shown relatively higher than that of $NO_2$ between 6AM~1PM and the concentration of $NO_2$ higher during the other time. The concentration of NOx(NO, $NO_2$) has been relatively high during weekday evenings. This result shows that there is correlation between the concentration of NOx and car traffics as we can see the Road transportation which accounts for 59.1% among the amount of NOx emission. 13. 49.1~61.2% of PM-10 shows PM-2.5 concerning the relationship between PM-10 and PM-2.5 and PM-2.5 among dust accounts for 45.4%~44.5% of PM-10 during March and April which is the lowest rates. This proves that particles of yellow sand that are bigger than the size $2.5\;{\mu}m$ are sent more than those that are smaller from China. This result shows that particles smaller than $2.5\;{\mu}m$ among dust exist much during July~August and December~January and 76.7% of minute dust is proved to be road transportation in Gwangju.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• 제60권8호
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• pp.390-395
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• 2017

Background and Objectives With increasing frequency of car accidents, patients of dizziness caused by car accidents are also increasing. Various types of dizziness or vertigo can occur from car accidents depending on different injury mechanisms. Since accurate diagnosis is important for providing proper treatments, we evaluated clinical characteristics related to vestibular function of patients with dizziness caused car accidents. Subjects and Method In this retrospective case review study that runs from January 2011 to March 2013, a total of 82 patients with dizziness following car accident were enrolled consecutively. We analyzed the final diagnosis of dizziness according to different mechanisms of injury during car accident through clinical record review. Patients who developed dizziness within one month of car accident were included, excluding those who had temporal bone fracture and previous history of dizziness. Results Of the different types observed, 36.6% was head injury, 24.4% whiplash injury, 3.7% complex injury, 2.4% others and the rest was unknown. In the final diagnosis, the different types included 36.6% benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), 23.2% unclassifiable dizziness, 18.3% cervical vertigo, 7.3% labyrinthine concussion, 3.7% BPPV with labyrinthine concussion and the rest was others. Of the different types of dizziness symptoms, 58.5% was headache, 45.1% was audiologic symptoms, and others included earfullness, tinnitus and hearing disturbance. Tinitogram and pure tone audiogram results show that 2.9% (27 people) of patients have tinnitus and 7.3% (6 people) have hearing disturbance. Conclusion An accurate diagnosis and timely management would be very important in forming a proper approach for post traumatic vertigo patients.