• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.159-184
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the social efficacy of children shown in reflective journal writing of early childhood education teachers focusing on picture book activities. The subjects were 47 3, 4 and 5 year old children in G Child Care Center in the Capital Area. Teachers were asked to do 20 picture book activities and to write a journal according to reflective thinking after each picture book activity. Through the reflective journals collected, this study attempted to interpret and analyze them qualitatively by classifying the journals and yielding text contents according to factors for children's social efficacy such as emotionality, emotion control, interpersonal relationship technique, and social knowledge understanding. From the results of this study, first, it was found that children expressed their emotion naturally and that they learned their unique emotionality while they lived together with their friends. Second, it was found that children perceived and controlled their own emotions by using their sympathy and empathy. Third, it was found that children recognized and accepted that they are different rather than the counterparts are wrong through their differences in each other's thoughts to compose the capability of interpersonal relationship. Fourth, it was found that children improved themselves by their understanding, respecting and accommodating their friends as members of society.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.71-91
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• 2011

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the environmental performance of 29 Chinese provinces by adopting the advanced measurements, integrated pollution intensity index, IPI, which can be computed using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) techniques. This index has the advantage of accounting for multiple resources used, good outputs produced and pollutants emitted simultaneously. The result obtained using the methodology shows the obvious evidence that provinces located around eastern area of China take relatively low levels and these phenomenons have been clearly observed throughout the sample period 1998~2007. The estimated index can be interpreted that the environmental burden in China has been steadily decreased as economic growth. This paper also tries to figure out the relationship among IPI, income levels, economic structures, the level of environmental regulations and FDI inflow. The estimated relationship between IPI and income per capita predicts improving environmental performance with increasing income levels. This explains the improvement in IPI which is simultaneously observed with income increases. According to the 'pollution haven hypothesis', many researches have been concerned the possibility that a large amount of foreign capital has been invested in China to avoid the strict environmental standards in advanced countries. However, the estimated coefficients in all model specifications take negative sign with IPI and highly statistical significant. This is a indication that there are positive impacts of foreign investments on IPI by adopting clean and high technologies from advanced countries.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.123-159
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• 2013

We use a multi-regional dynamic computable general equilibrium model to explain an economic effect of $CO_2$ tax on the national and regional economy of Korea. First, we compare two $CO_2$ taxes: a region-specific $CO_2$ tax and a uniform $CO_2$ tax. In the region-specific tax, the $CO_2$ tax rate in the capital area and the south-eastern region is much greater than those in other regions. GDP loss resulting from the region-specific tax is bigger than that in the uniform tax. Second, we consider three options for tax recycling: consumption tax recycling, labor-income tax recycling, and corporate-income tax recycling. The corporate-income tax recycling has the least GDP-loss effect over the three options. These results support that it is more efficient to use a uniform $CO_2$ tax rate than a region-specific $CO_2$ tax rate and that the corporate-income tax recycling is more desirable in a sense of efficiency than the consumption and labor-income tax recycling options.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.1 s.66
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• pp.37-57
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the body measurements of boys and girls at puberty and to provide the fundamental data for pubescent apparel manufacturers to produce clothing that reflect their physical characteristics. A total of 549 boys and 529 girls aged between 10 and 14 were measured in the capital area from March 4 to April 3, 2004. Data were collected from 35 anthropometric items and 12 photographic items per a person. SPSS Ver. 12 program was used in data analysis including means, standard deviation, t-test and Duncan test. The main results of this study were as follows. They showed the significant difference of their growth in accordance with the increase of their ages. There were also the difference between boys and girls. As for height and length items, boys showed a slow growth at the age of $10{\sim}11\;and\;12{\sim}13$. Those at the age of $11{\sim}12\;and\;13{\sim}14$ showed rapid growth. That is, an active growth was followed by a slow growth and that phenomenon repeatedly occurred. On the other hand, girls showed remarkable growth at the age $10{\sim}11$ and the growth rate gradually slowed down afterward. Regarding circumference items, boys at the age of $11{\sim}12\;and\;13{\sim}14$ showed remarkable growth. This results showed that boys at the age of $11{\sim}12$ had vertical growth and horizontal growth at the same time and for those at the age of $13{\sim}14$, growth was more conspicuous in horizontal direction. Meanwhile, for girls, the growth rate was high at the age of $11{\sim}12$, somewhat later than the age of the growth of height and length. As for breadth-related items and depth-related items, for both sexes two items grew steadily throughout the ages, breadth-related items showed a higher growth rate than that of depth-related items. This study analyzed the body measurements of pubescent boys and girls and the results showed that, for boys, an active physical growth took place at the age of 13 according to previous studies, but the findings of this study suggested that the phenomenon now occurred at the age of $11{\sim}12$, which proved that physical growth took place earlier than before. Also, an active growth was followed by a slow growth. Girls at puberty showed remarkable growth of height at the age of $10{\sim}11$ that is consistent with previous studies and then showed horizontal growth at the age of around 12, having a voluminous body shape.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.125-136
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• 2017

This study focuses on a relative efficiency of 109 operating food companies out of 22 regions in Jeollanam-do. The relative efficiency has been analyzed by 5 input factors(capital, number of employees, annual labor costs, raw material purchase, and site area) and 2 output factors(annual exports and annual production of the companies in Jeollanam-do). This study suggests efficient companies which inefficient companies can benchmark to improve their system in short-mid-long term in phases. The main result of empirical analysis are as follows: Firstly, according to the Traditioanl DEA analysis, 7 companies out of 109 DMU indicate the optimal production scale in score 1 of CCR efficiency value, BCC efficiency value, and scale efficiency value. Secondly, a result from the Tier 1 step of inefficient companies by Post-DEA suggests that it would be better to apply each Tier step to the proper stage of the worst 5 inefficient companies such as Tier 3 step(short-term benchmark)${\rightarrow}$Tier 2 step(mid-term benchmark)${\rightarrow}$Tier 1 step(long-term benchmark) in step. This study expects that the result of the study can reduce the trial and error in inefficient part, lead to improvement, and have a big help in food exporting industry in the end.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.525-534
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• 2019

The study was carried out by surveying 500 fostered teenagers at youth shelters in the Capital area via onsite visit over about three weeks from April 17 to May 10, 2018; 487 samples out of 500 questioned subjects were used for the final analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, the career decision self-efficacy was verified to have a partial mediating effect between all of self-leadership variables and the career maturity of the fostered adolescents at youth shelters. Second, the career decision self-efficacy was verified to have a partial mediating effect between the action-oriented strategy, which is one of the self-leadership variables, and the career maturity of the fostered adolescents at youth shelters. Third, the career decision self-efficacy was verified to have a partial mediating effect between the natural compensation strategy, which is one of the self-leadership variables, and the career maturity of the fostered adolescents at youth shelters. Fourth, the career decision self-efficacy was verified to have a full mediating effect between the constructive thinking strategy, which is one of the self-leadership variables, and the career maturity of the fostered adolescents at youth shelters.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.182-188
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• 2017

This study analyzes several factors of good instruction that have been studied by precedent studies as well as the dominated perspective of teaching that validates the value of good instruction. For this purpose, the authors explore an understanding of the perspective that lessons ought to pursue. The authors examine the difference in the dominated perspective of good instruction of pre-service teacher and teachers through the study methodology of chi-square, one-way analyses of variance, and post-hoc test. The research subjects were enrolled students and graduates of the Department of Early Childhood Education at colleges in Seoul and the Capital area. The TPI that had been objectively indexed with comprehensive understandings and viewpoints of good instruction was also applied. The study result shows that high schools' dominated perspective is "nursing" and colleges' is "apprenticing", regardless of the kind of school. The article discusses the perspective of good instruction by comparing the results of domestic and foreign studies and this study. Some ideas were suggested for further research.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.285-288
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• 2008

To examine the infection status of freshwater fish with Gnathostoma spp. larvae in Myanmar, we purchased 15 snakeheads, Channa striatus, from a local market in a suburban area of Naypyidaw, the new capital city. Two larval gnathostomes were collected using an artificial digestion technique, and observed by a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The size of an intact larva was 2.65 mm long and 0.32 mm wide. The characteristic morphology of the larvae included the presence of a long esophagus (0.80 mm long), 2 pairs of cervical sacs (0.43 mm long), and a characteristic head bulb with 4 rows of hooklets. The number of hooklets in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th row was 45, 48, 50, and 52, respectively. Based on these morphological characters, the larvae were identified as the advanced 3rd-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spinigerum. This is the first report of detection of G. spinigerum 3rd-stage larvae in the central part of Myanmar. Our study suggests that intake of raw meat of snakehead fish in Myanmar may result in human gnathostomiasis.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.198-204
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• 2009

From leaf mold and reclamation site soil of the Capital area of Korea, 3 poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate: PBSA)-degrading strains were isolated through the clear zone test. The PBSA-degrading activities of the strains were assessed by means of a modified Sturm test using 0.01% of PBSA film as a sole carbon source. After the modified Sturm tests for 40 days at the respective isolation temperatures, the 3 strains degraded 30%, 55% and 43% of PBSA, respectively. The isolated strains were identified to be Burkholderia cepacia PBSA-4, Bacillus licheniformisPBSA-5 and Burkholderia sp. PBSA-6 through the 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. Among them, PBSA-5 degraded both PBSA and Poly(vinyl alcohol). The degradation activity of the PBSA degrading strains appeared to be high at moderate temperatures such as $27^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$, and initial inoculum size of $10^{10}cfu\;mL^{-1}$ degraded PBSA 1.2~1.3 more times than that $10^9cfu\;mL^{-1}$. Addition of 0.1 or 0.5% (w/w) of gelatin, yeast extract and ammonium sulfate raised the PBSA degrading activity, and especially addition of 0.1% (w/w) of gelatin enhanced the PBSA degrading activity by more than 33%. The mixed strains degraded PBSA faster than the single strain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 2010

This study aims to research into a plan for the spatial design on the major facilities in new-town region in Mongolia by using the spatial analytical technique in GIS. In case of Mongolian region, the demand for new-town development is rapidly increasing around Ulaanbaatar, where is the capital. On the other hand, the adequately relevant ground or the spatial-design technique is failing to be applied. This study extracted the region available for developing new down by using spatial analytical technique in GIS, and researched into the spatial-design plan for housing complex, filtration plant, sewage disposal plant, power plant, general park, crematory. The housing complex in the targeted region could be known to be adequate to be positioned around watercourse and road. It could be known to be adequate for filtration plant, which is the source of drinking water, to be located in the upper-stream region of a river, which is secured good quality of water, and for sewage disposal plant to be located in the lower-stream region available for minimizing occurrence of contamination. It is judged to be required for a proposed site of power plant to be located in the upper-stream region, for the park unit, which is space of the living culture, to be repaired and expanded the existing facilities, and for traffic network to be expanded through predicting demand along with new-town development. It is judged to be probably needed to be reflected even the flexible aspect for changing design through surveying the feasibility and economic efficiency on the future spatial design.