• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.203-219
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• 2006

One of the most promising ways through which a steel moment frame may attain high energy dissipating capability is to trim off a portion of the beam flanges near the column face. This type of moment connection, known as Reduced Beam Section (RBS) connection, has notable superiority in comparison with other moment connection types. As the result of the advantages of RBS moment connection, it has widely being used in practice. In spite of the good hysteretic behaviour, an RBS beam suffers from an undesirable drawback, which is local and lateral instability of the beam. The instability in the RBS beam reduces beam load-carrying capacity. This paper aims to investigate key issues influencing cyclic behaviour of RBS beams. To this end, a numerical analysis was conducted on a series of steel subassemblies with various geometric properties. The obtained results together with the existing experimental data are used to study the instability of RBS beams. A new slenderness concept is presented to control an RBS beam for combined local and lateral instability. This concept is in good agreement with the numerical and experimental results. Finally, a model is developed for the prediction of the magnitude of moment degradation owing to the instability of an RBS beam.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.445-460
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• 2021

This study experimentally explored the behaviour of 12 concrete filled steel tube (CFST) and steel tube columns subjected to lateral cyclic loading. The L/D ratio was 12.3 while D/t ratios were 45.4, 37.8 and 32.4, classifying these 12 specimens into 3 groups. Each group included 3 CFST and 1 steel tube columns and were tested to failure. The experimental results indicated that CFST specimens reached the state of 'collapse prevention' (drift 4%) prior to the occurrence of local buckling. Strength degradation of CFST specimens did not occur up to the failure by buckling. This showed the favourable characteristic of CFST columns in preventing collapse of structures subjected to earthquakes. The high energy absorption capability in the post collapse limit state was appropriate for dissipating energy in structures. Compared to steel tube columns, CFST columns delayed local buckling and prevented inward buckling. Consequently, CFST columns exhibited their outstanding seismic performance in terms of the increased ultimate resistance, capacity to sustain 2-3 additional load cycles and significantly higher drift. A simple and reasonably accurate model was proposed to predict the ultimate strength of CFST columns under lateral cyclic loading.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권 5호
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• pp.323-334
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• 2022

In order to study the axial compression performance of basalt-fiber reinforced recycled concrete (BFRRC) filled circular steel tubular short columns, the axial compression performance tests of seven short column specimens were conducted to observe the mechanical whole-process and failure mode of the specimens, the load-displacement curves and the load-strain curves of the specimens were obtained, the influence of design parameters on the axial compression performance of BFRRC filled circular steel tubular short columns was analyzed, and a practical mathematical model of stiffness degradation and a feasible stress-strain curve equation for the whole process were suggested. The results show that under the axial compression, the steel tube buckled and the core BFRRC was crushed. The load-axial deformation curves of all specimens show a longer deformation flow amplitude. Compared with the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement ratio and the basalt fiber dosage, the BFRRC strength has a great influence on the peak bearing capacity of the specimen. The RCA replacement ratio and the BFRRC strength are detrimental to ductility, whereas the basalt fiber dosage is beneficial to ductility.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.393-405
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• 2023

In this paper, the energy absorption capability of a novel cruciform composite lattice structure was evaluated through the simulation of compression tests. For this purpose, several test samples of Polylactic acid cellular reinforced with continuous glass fibers were prepared for compression testing using the additive manufacturing method of material extrusion. Using a conventional path design for material extrusion, multiple debonding is probable to be occurred at the joint regions of adjacent cells. Therefore, an innovative printing path design was proposed for the cruciform lattice structure. Afterwards, quasistatic compression tests were performed to evaluate the energy absorption behaviour of this structure. A finite element model based on local material property degradation was then developed to verify the experimental test and extend the virtual test method. Accordingly, different combinations of unit cells' dimensions using the design of the experiment were numerically proposed to obtain the optimal configuration in terms of the total absorbed energy. Having brilliant energy absorption properties, the studied cruciform lattice with its optimized unit cell dimensions can be used as an energy absorber in crashworthiness applications. Finally, a cellular structure will be suitable with optimal behavior in crush load efficiency and high energy absorption.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2024

In order to get a better understanding of seismic performance of exterior beam-column joint, reciprocating loading tests with variable loading speeds or axial forces were carried out. The main findings indicate that only few cracks exist on the surface of the joint core area, while the plastic hinge region at the beam end is seriously damaged. The damage of the specimen is more serious with the increase of the upper limit of variable axial force. The deflection ductility coefficient of specimen decreases to various degrees after the upper limit of variable axial force increases. In addition, the higher the loading speed is, the lower the deflection ductility coefficient of the specimen is. The stiffness of the specimen decreases as the upper limit of variable axial force or the loading speed increase. Compared to the influence of variable axial force, the influence of the loading speed on the stiffness degradation of the specimen is more obvious. The cumulative energy dissipation and the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of specimen decrease with the increase of loading speed. The influence of variable axial force on the energy dissipation of specimen varies under different loading speeds. Based on the truss model, the biaxial stress criterion, the Rankine criterion, the Kent-Scott-Park model, the equivalent theorem of shearing stress, the softened strut-and-tie model, the controlled slip theory and the proposed equations, a calculation method for the shear capacity is proposed with satisfactory prediction results.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.455-472
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• 2018

국내의 사용후핵연료가 증가함에 따라 사용후핵연료 저장조는 곧 포화가 될 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 사용후핵연료 건식저장 운영 및 관리 방안에 대해 연구하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 미국에서는 오랜 기간 건식저장을 운영해왔으며 이를 바탕으로 사용후핵연료 건식저장 운영 및 관리 방안에 대해 많은 연구가 수행되고 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서는 경수로 사용후핵연료건식저장 경험이 없으며 관련 관리방안 및 구체적인 기준이 매우 부족한 현실이다. 건식저장기간 동안 주요한 이슈중의 하나는 건식저장용기 열화현상이며 대표적으로 응력부식균열에 의한 부식현상이 있다. 미국에서는 U.S. DOE, U.S. NRC, 그리고 EPRI 주관 아래 건식저장 캐니스터에서의 염화물 응력부식균열에 관한 많은 연구들을 수행하고 있다. 또한 건식저장 캐니스터의 염화물 응력부식균열 현상을 설명하기 위해 SNL에서는 확률론적 응력부식균열 모델을 제시하였다. 본 논문에서는 SNL에서 제시한 확률론적 응력부식균열 모델을 검토하였으며 모델에 제시된 주요인자들을 세세하게 분석하였다. 본 논문은 우리나라에서 스테인리스 스틸로 제작된 캐니스터를 경수로 사용후핵연료 건식저장으로 이용할 경우, 건식저장 운영 및 관리 방안을 구축하는 대에 좋은 참고문헌이 될 것이라 사료된다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제75권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2020

This paper presents a full-scale experimental test to investigate the flexural behavior of an innovative dovetail ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) joint designed for the 5^th Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. The test specimen had a dimension of 3600 × 1600 × 170 mm, in accordance with the real bridge. The failure mode, crack pattern and structural response were presented. The ductility and stiffness degradation of the tested specimens were explicitly discussed. Test results indicated that different from conventional reinforced concrete slabs, well-distributed cracks with small spacing were observed for UHPC joint slabs at failure. The average nominal flexural cracking strength of the test specimens was 7.7 MPa, signifying good crack resistance of the proposed dovetail UHPC joint. It is recommended that high grade reinforcement be cooperatively used to take full advantage of the superior mechanical property of UHPC. A new ductility index, expressed by dividing the ultimate deflection by flexural cracking deflection, was introduced to evaluate the post-cracking ductility capacity. Finally, a strut-and-tie (STM) model was developed to predict the ultimate strength of the proposed UHPC joint.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2020

For the large deformation of shear walls under vertical and horizontal loads, there are difficulties in obtaining accurate simulation results using the response analysis method, even with fine mesh elements. Furthermore, concrete material nonlinearity, stiffness degradation, concrete cracking and crushing, and steel bar damage may occur during the large deformation of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. Matrix operations that are involved in nonlinear analysis using the traditional finite-element method (FEM) may also result in flaws, and may thus lead to serious errors. To solve these problems, a planar four-node element was developed based on vector mechanics. Owing to particle-based formulation along the path element, the method does not require repeated constructions of a global stiffness matrix for the nonlinear behavior of the structure. The nonlinear concrete constitutive model and bilinear steel material model are integrated with the developed element, to ensure that large deformation and damage behavior can be addressed. For verification, simulation analyses were performed to obtain experimental results on an RC shear wall subjected to a monotonically increasing lateral load with a constant vertical load. To appropriately evaluate the parameters, investigations were conducted on the loading speed, meshing dimension, and the damping factor, because vector mechanics is based on the equation of motion. The static problem was then verified to obtain a stable solution by employing a balanced equation of motion. Using the parameters obtained, the simulated pushover response, including the bearing capacity, deformation ability, curvature development, and energy dissipation, were found to be in accordance with the experimental observation. This study demonstrated the potential of the developed planar element for simulating the entire process of large deformation and damage behavior in RC shear walls.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.393-398
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• 2021

리튬이온전지의 성능을 최적화하기 위해서는 여러 열화 요소들을 고려한 성능 예측 모델링 기술이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 리튬이온전지의 사이클 노화로 인한 방전 거동 및 사이클 수명 변화를 수학적으로 모델링하였다. 모델링의 신뢰성을 검증하기 위해 0.25C로 사이클 시험을 진행했으며, 30 사이클 간격으로 진행한 RPT (Reference performance test)를 통해 전기적 거동을 파악하였다. 기존의 리튬이온전지의 사이클 수명 예측 모델에 BOL (Beginning of life)에서 일어나는 현상 중 하나인 Break-in 메커니즘을 반영하여 수명예측 정확도를 개선시켰다. 모델에 근거하여 예측된 사이클 수명 변화는 실제 시험 결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.296-305
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• 2006

토양 중 pencycuron의 온도, 수분함량 및 토성에 따른 흡착, 잔류 특성을 구명하고자 실내 및 포장실험과 환경의 영향에 대하여 실험을 수행하였다. 2종 토양에서 진탕 시간과 약제의 흡착량사이에 높은 유의성이 있는 power function의 상관관계가 인정되었다. 흡착속도는 진탕 1시간 이내에 사질식양토에서 최대 흡착량의 60%가, 미사질식양토에서 65%가 흡착되었고, 12시간 후에는 의사평형에 도달하였다. Pencycuron의 농도별 흡착은 Freundlich 등온식에 부합되었으며, 흡착분배계수 $K_d$값은 사질식양토에서 2.31, 미사질식양토에서 2.92었다. 토양 중 유기탄소에 대한 분배계수 $K_{oc}$는 사질식양토에서 292.9이었고, 미사질식양토에서 200.5이었다. 흡착강도 및 비선형도를 성명하는 상수값은 사질식양토에서 1.45, 미사질식양토에서 1.68이었다. 실내 실험에 있어서 pencycuron의 잔류는 1차 반응식에 부합되었고, 반감기는 $12^{\circ}C{\sim}28^{\circ}C$에서 95일${\sim}$20일로, 토양 수분함량이 포장용수량의 $30{\sim}70%$인 토양에서 38일에서 21일로 짧아졌다. 토양 종류에 따른 pencycuron의 반감기는 토성이 현저히 달랐음에도 사질식양토에서 25일, 미사질식양토에서 22일로 나타났다. 포장 실험에서도 pencycuron의 반감기는 사질식양토에서 26일, 미사질식양토에서 23일이었다. 포장에서 10%까지 잔류되는 기간은 미사질식양토에서 57일, 사질식양토에서 69일로 나타났다.