• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.193-198
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• 2010

This study aimed at presenting the improvement plan for estimation of the repair and replacement cycle to analyze these current problems by considering the repair and replacement cycle theoretically and examining estimation status of home and abroad, and then drawing implication and problem based on brainstorming and expert opinion. The findings of a study is as follows. First, the problem is, for the domestic, that there is no clear standard of division to the cycle of repair and replacement and the repair and replacement cycle considering capability to deal with the change by construction method, development of the function of material and the number of years of progress is not being applied. That is, an estimation of economical repair and replacement cycle which considers the case that a large scale repair with the level of remodeling is done between 25 years and 35 years is necessary. For estimating the repair and replacement cycle, foreign country is providing this according to the use or the level of function of a building, but it is not the case for the domestic. A characteristic of each building should be reflected and the standard of estimation of the repair and replacement cycle to new construction material or method should be prepared to improve this. In addition, the method of classification of the subject item for the repair and replacement is necessary to be reorganized to be able to apply the standard of initial construction item of a building. Also, it is considered that a service standard which can reset the repair and replacement cycle based on status of a building with escape from the existing definite setup of the repair and replacement cycle through the management of background data of the repair and replacement is going to be necessary.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.345-356
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• 2022

A severe flooding occured at a small urban catchment in Daejeon-si South Korea on July 30, 2020 causing significant loss of property (inundated 78 vehicles and two apartments) and life (one casualty and 56 victims). In this study, a retrospective analysis of the inundation event was implemented using a physically-based urban flood model, H12 with high-resolution data. H12 is an integrated 1-dimensional sewer network and 2-dimensional surface flow model supported by hybrid parallel techniques to efficiently deal with high-resolution data. In addition, we evaluated the impact of the flooding barriers which were installed after the flood disaster. As a result, it was found that the inundation was affected by a combination of multiple components including the shape of the basin, the low terrain of the inundation area located in the downstream part of the basin, and lack of pipe capacity to drain discharge from the upstream during heavy rain. The impact of the flooding barriers was analyzed by modeling with and without barriers on the high-resolution terrain input data. It was evaluated that the flood barriers effectively lower the water depth in the apartment complex. This study demonstrates capability of high-resolution physically-based urban modeling to quantitatively assess the past inundation event and the impact of the reduction measures.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.4357-4366
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• 2023

MARS-KS, a domestic regulatory confirmatory code of Republic of Korea, had been developed by integrating RELAP5/MOD2 and COBRA-TF. The integration of COBRA-TF allowed to extend the capability of MARS-KS, limited to one-dimensional analysis, to multi-dimensional analysis. The use of COBRA-TF was mainly focused on subchannel analyses for simulating multi-dimensional behavior within the reactor core. However, this feature has been remained as a legacy without ongoing maintenance. Meanwhile, MARS-KS also includes its own multidimensional component, namely MULTID, which is also feasible to simulate three-dimensional convection and diffusion. The MULTID is capable of modeling the turbulent diffusion using simple mixing length model. The implementation of the turbulent mixing is of importance for analyzing the reactor core where a disturbing cross-sectional structure of rod bundle makes the flow perturbation and corresponding mixing stronger. In addition, the presence of this turbulent behavior allows the secondary transports with net mass exchange between subchannels. However, a series of assessments performed in previous studies revealed that the turbulence model of the MULTID could not simulate the aforementioned effective mixing occurred in the subchannel-scale problems. This is obvious consequence since the physical models of the MULTID neglect the effect of mass transport and thereby, it cannot model the void drift effect and resulting phasic distribution within a bundle. Thus, in this study, the turbulence mixing model of the MULTID has been improved by means of the inter-channel mixing model, widely utilized in subchannel analysis, in order to extend the application of the MULTID to small-scale problems. A series of assessments has been performed against rod bundle experiments, namely GE 3X3 and PSBT, to evaluate the performance of the introduced mixing model. The assessment results revealed that the application of the inter-channel mixing model allowed to enhance the prediction of the MULTID in subchannel scale problems. In addition, it was indicated that the code could not predict appropriate phasic distribution in the rod bundle without the model. Considering that the proper prediction of the phasic distribution is important when considering pin-based and/or assembly-based expressions of the reactor core, the results of this study clearly indicate that the inter-channel mixing model is required for analyzing the rod bundle, appropriately.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.368-372
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• 2008

This study evaluates the usefulness and capability of surface electrical resistivity technique for identifying the weak zones or subsurface cavities in karst area with limestone formation. Weak zones or cavities near surface can be potentially dangerous and several problems are associated with collapse of roads or buildings accompanied by subsidence phenomena. In this paper, both two and three dimensional resistivity investigation were conducted to investigate subsidence along a road in Yongweol-ri, Muan-gun, South Korea. The results of the resistivity survey using dipole-dipole array provide a clear view of the weathered regolith, the distribution of weak zones or cavities and bedrock. Several low resistivity areas were identified and subsequent drilling led to the discovery of several weak zone or clay-filled underground cavities. The drilling results show excellent correlation with the resistivity images. It is illustrated, the ability of electrical technique to produce high resolution images of subsurface, which are useful for subsidence assessment. Also the results of this study have demonstrated that two and three dimensional electrical resistivity surveys are useful for delineating the subsidence area. Based on resistivity imaging, the map of hazardous zone has been developed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.139-152
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• 2013

Although a series of studies shows the fact that a company's reputation could affect its sales rate and stock price, due to the increased use of SNS, the research related to the online measurement method for the corporate reputation has been relatively insufficient. This study explores a design for a method to quantify the corporate reputation value by reconstructing the discussions in literature review. Concretely, this study divides the corporate reputation value into the corporate identity information and the corporate awareness information, which includes the following five sub-categories: (1) the quality of product and service; (2) the employment environment; (3) the corporate vision; (4) the social responsibility; and (5) the business achievement. Additionally, for the corporate identity assessment, this study considers the following six factors: (1) Agreeableness (Goodness), (2)Capability (Ability), (3)Enterprise (Rise), (4)Chic (Class), (5) Ruthlessness (Authority), and (6)Informality. Based on these categories and factors, this study develops a technique quantifying the corporate reputation value by selecting 'word items' for the reputation search, and after conducting a frequency analysis in a survey. Also, to verify the result, this study exemplifies the reputation of three SI companies in Korea which could be utilized by using the commercialized reputation service. This study firstly attempts the corporate reputation measurement by classifying the identity and the awareness (corporate image and communication) upon a company in detail and enables its real applicabilities by proposing a formula to measure the reputation scores which can be utilized by verified word items from a frequency analysis.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.375-392
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to provide a philosophical reflection on mathematical process consistently emphasized in our curriculum and to stress the importance of sharing creativity and its applicability to the mathematical process with the value of sharing and participation. For this purpose, we describe five stages of changing process in a peer mentoring teaching method conducted by a teacher who taught this method for 17 years with the goal of sharing creativity and examine components of mathematical process and their impact on it in each stage based on learning environment, learning process, and assessment. Results suggest that six principles should be underlined and considered for students to be actively involved in mathematical process. After analyzing changes in the five stages of the peer mentoring teaching method, the five principles scrutinized in mathematical process are the principles of continuous interactivity, contextual dependence, bidirectional development, teacher capability, and student participation. On the basis of these five principles, the principle of cooperative creativity is extracted from effective changes of mathematical process as a guiding force.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.232-243
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• 2018

The construction, development and maintenance of an economically, environmentally and socially sustainable campus involves the integration of measuring tools and technical information that invites and encourages the community to know the actual state to generate positive actions for reducing the negative impacts over the local environment. At the Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Campus $Bogot{\acute{a}}$, a public area with daily traffic of more than 25000 people, the Environmental Management Bureau has committed with the monitoring of the noise pollution and air quality, as support to the campaigns aiming to reduce the pollutant emissions associated to the student's activities and campus operation. The target of this study is based in the implementation of mobile air quality and sonometry monitoring equipment, the mapping of the actual air quality and noise pollution inside the university campus as a novel methodology for a sub-area inside a megacity. This results and mapping are proposed as planning tool for the institution administrative sections. A mobile Kunak$^{(R)}$ Air & OPC air monitoring station with the capability to measure particulate matter $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$, Ozone ($O_3$), Sulfur Oxide ($SO_2$), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Oxide ($NO_2$) as well as Temperature, Relative Humidity and Latitude and Longitude coordinates for the data georeferenciation; and a sonometer Cirrus$^{(R)}$ 162B Class 2 were used to perform the measurements. The measurements took place in conditions of academic activity and without it, with the aim of identify the impacts generated by the campus operation. Using the free code geographical information software QGIS$^{(R)}$ 2.18, the maps of each variable measured were developed, and the impacts generated by the operation of the campus were identified qualitative and quantitively. For the measured variables, an increase of around 21% for the $L_{Aeq}$ noise level and around 80% to 90% for air pollution were detected during the operation period.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 2007

Objective : The purpose of this report was to provide the information activity and safety of Palmul-tang by analyzing domestic/international papers and theses about Palmul-tang, Methods: Domestic/international papers and theses related to Palmul-tang were reviewed and analyzed, These papers were then classified by year, experimental method and subject, Results: The following results were obtained in this study. 1. The study of Palmul-tang started from 1985 and was continuously increased. The study was mainly forcused on experimental model rather than clinical study. 2. As these studies were classified by subject, papers related to immune intensification were most abundant by 20 papers, Besides there were several papers related to cardiovascular activity, reproductive activity, anti-apoptotic activity and cerebral hemodynamics. 3. Among the papers related to immune intensification. the studies on recovery of fatigue were mostabundant by 10 papers and the studies of on immune cell and cytokine express were six. In addition to. several studies were associated with anti-cancer activity and anti-allergic activity. Recovery of fatigue was determined by measurement of fatigue markers in a living body such as lactate. CPK, pyruvate and triglyceride and assessment of exercise capability of animals such as swimming test. slopped plate test. Rota-rod test, and activity cage test after Palmul-tang treatment. 4. According to experimental data. it is supported that Palmul-tang has been used as Qi and Blood intensifier with immune intensification and recovery of fatigue. 5. The paper related to safety of Palmul-tang was only one paper which is studied on acute toxicity of Palmul-tang with experiment with ICR mouse. There was no study on evaluating safety by observing liver and kidney functions after Palmul-tang treatment Conclusion: Palmul-tang is being used in various ways associating with immune intensification. cardiovascular activity and reproductive activity. However. studies on efficacy and mechanism of Palmul-tang should be conducted at the molecular biology level and studies on safety of Palmul-tang need to be completed at the clinical level.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2015

The use of complimentary indicators, other than radiation dose and risk, to assess the safety of radioactive waste disposal has been discussed in a number of publications for providing the reasonable assurance of disposal safety and convincing the public audience. In this study, the radionuclide flux was selected as performance indicator to appraise the performance of engineered barriers and natural barrier in the Wolsong low- and intermediate-level waste disposal facility. Radionuclide flux showing the retention capability by each compartment of the disposal system is independent of assumptions in biosphere model and exposure pathways. The scenario considered as the normal scenario of disposal facility has been divided into intact or degraded silo concrete conditions. In the intact silo concrete, the radionuclide flux has been assessed with respect to the radionuclide retardation performance of each engineered barrier. In the degraded silo concrete, the radionuclide flux has been explored based on the performance degradation of engineered barriers and the relative significance of natural barrier quantitatively. The results can be used to optimally design the near-surface disposal facility being planned as the second project phase. In the future, additional complimentary indicators will be employed for strengthening the safety case for improving the public acceptance of low- and intermediate-level waste disposal facility.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.50-59
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• 2017

To evaluate the capability of integrated PET-MRI, which has recently been utilized in the clinical practices, on the diagnosis of liver cancer, its utility was assessed by $2{\times}2$ decision matrix. The numbers of abnormal and normal decisions on the liver cancer were 98 and 51 cases, respectively, upon PET-MRI scan results of the subjects, and the numbers of positive and negative decisions were 103 and 62, respectively, upon cytopathologic results. Out of the two tests, 95 cases were shown as true-positive and 3 were false positive, while 62 were true negative and 5 were false negative. Upon the results of PET-MRI test, its sensitivity, specificity, false negative rate, and false positive rate were 95.00%, 95.38%, 0.05%, and 95.15%, respectively. Therefore, it is considered to have the high potential to use the determination of the stage before the surgery, detections of recurrence and remote metastasis, assessment of uncertain remote lymph node metastasis, and so on in the diagnosis of the liver cancer, and also for the clinical utility of PET-MRI to be sufficient by integrated diagnosis and follow up scan with pathological studies.