• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.145-151
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• 1999

There is an experiment in the elementary science textbook which a burning candle hold upright in a water tank and a beaker is converted over the burning candle, the candle flame goes out and the water rises into the beaker. Some reference books including teachers' guide for the elementary school teachers explain the reason why water rises that oxygen is "used up", so water rises the same volume of consumed oxygen into the beaker. But this explanation is only partially correct. In this study, discrepancies of the explanation that oxygen is "used up" are analyzed. Water rises by two major reasons. One is that water can rise to the level about l/3 of the volume of consumed oxygen. The other is that the beaker is converted over the burning candle which produces hot CO2 and water vapor, and the candle's flame heats the air around it to expand, after the candle flame goes out, the air in the beaker cools and water vapor changes to liquid water, so, air pressure in the beaker is reduced, and the water is pushed into the beaker by great air pressure outside. 1 demonstrate a inquiry teaching method of the candle experiment.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.471-486
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• 2014

This study introduces a new type of symbolic data, a candle chart-valued time series. We aggregate four stock indices (i.e., open, close, highest and lowest) as a one data point to summarize a huge amount of data. In other words, we consider a candle chart, which is constructed by open, close, highest and lowest stock indices, as a type of symbolic data for a long period. The proposed candle chart-valued time series effectively summarize and visualize a huge data set of stock indices to easily understand a change in stock indices. We also propose novel approaches for the candle chart-valued time series modeling based on a combination of two midpoints and two half ranges between the highest and the lowest indices, and between the open and the close indices. Furthermore, we propose three types of sum of square for estimation of the candle chart valued-time series model. The proposed methods take into account of information from not only ordinary data, but also from interval of object, and thus can effectively perform for time series modeling (e.g., forecasting future stock index). To evaluate the proposed methods, we describe real data analysis consisting of the stock market indices of five major Asian countries'. We can see thorough the results that the proposed approaches outperform for forecasting future stock indices compared with classical data analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제11권11호
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• pp.4291-4295
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• 2010

This paper presents a LED lighting decoration system with a LED candle color control that can independently change its color. The proposed processing was applied to the control of a LED candle that is composed of red, green, blue(RGB) LEDs. In order to go our of use switching device, we developed the LED candle drived luminescence and we will comercialize the result.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.291-302
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• 2004

The CuO/$3AL_2O_3{\cdot}2SiO_2$ catalyst impregnated ceramic candle filters for nitrogen oxides removal were prepared by porous mullite($3AL_2O_3{\cdot}2SiO_2$) support and CuO catalyst deposited on this support to achieve uniformly dispersed CuO deposition, which are impregnated into the pores of available alumino-silicate ceramic candle filter. The CuO/3$AL_2O_3{\cdot}2SiO_2$ catalyst impregnated ceramic candle filters were characterized by XRD, BET, air permeability, pore size, SEM and catalytic tests in the reduction of NOx by NH$_3$. The observed effects of CuO/3$AL_2O_3{\cdot}2SiO_2$ impregnated ceramic candle filters in SCR reaction are as follows : (1) when the content of CuO catalyst increased further, activity of NO increased. (2) NO conversion at first increased with temperature and then decreased at high temperatures (above 40$0^{\circ}C$), possibly due to the occurrence of the ammonia oxidation reaction. (3) In pilot plant test for 3 months, NO conversion was greater than 90%.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to reduce the fire of the same type by analyzing the form which is mainly generated based on the result of the fire investigation through the experiment to reproduce, since the candle fire is repeated every year with the same type. Methods: For the analysis of candle flame, 4 kinds of methods such as acrylic recharge test, FOMEX acrylic recharge test, general combustible recharge test, and natural fire extinguishing test of candle were conducted. Results: It was confirmed that continuous burning is difficult to be achieved without contact of combustible materials around. Conclusion: In order to prevent a candle fire, it is important to check the safety of the surrounding area. It is also considered to introduce safety regulations such as finishing with a fireproof material such as a silver foil at the terminal end.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.1077-1083
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• 2007

[ $V_2O_5/TiO_2$ ] catalyst impregnated ceramic candle filters are in principle, capable of performing shallow-bed dust filtration plus a catalytic reaction, promoted by a catalytic deposited in their inner structure. Pilot-scale $V_2O_5/TiO_2$ catalyst impregnated ceramic candle filters were prepared, characterized and tested for their activity towards the SCR reaction. The effect on NO conversion of operating temperature, gas hourly space velocity, amount of deposited catalyst, pressure drops and long-term experiment (life of catalytic filter) was determined. The following effects of $V_2O_5/TiO_2$ catalyst impregnated ceramic candle filters in SCR reaction are observed: (1) It increases the activity and widens the temperature window for SCR. (2) When the content of $V_2O_5$ catalyst increases further from 3 to 9wt.%, activity of NO increases. (3) NO conversion at first increases with temperature and then decreases at high temperatures (above $400^{\circ} over), possibly due to the occurrence of the ammonia oxidation reaction.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1639-1648
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• 1996

Protection of gas turbine blade from its erosion and abrasion at high temperature and pressure is the first goal to cleanup the hot gas upstream for IGCC and PFBC. Ceramic filters represent an attractive technology for particle removal at high temperature and high pressure condition. They have demonstrated being a good system for improvement of thermal efficiency and reduction of effluent pollutants in advanced coal-based power systems such as IGCC and PFBC. Ceramic filter elements currently being developed were evaluated in the previous paper. In this paper, we measured the ash size and distribution on cleaning of ceramic candle filter. The results are as follows : in this experimental range, ceramic candle filter was shown to be fully adequate for the removal process of dust under high temperature and pressure. Also filtration efficiency of ceramic candle filter was higher than 98% compared with the regulation limit of particle size in gas turbine inlet.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.143-149
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• 1999

The mounting technology of ceramic candle elements utilizing disk spring was tested in a hot bench unit. Seven SiC candle elements were fixed in three groups by 2, 2, and 3 elements per group. And its performance was investigated in a hot gas stream using oil burned-exhaust gas. The experimental results showed that this mounting method gave a good performance enough to be useful for the particulate removal in the integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC). Some operational characteristics of the groupfilter were observed.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.515-523
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• 2010

Porous SiC candle filter preforms were fabricated by extrusion and ramming process. To fabricate SiC candle filter preform, commercially available F180 mesh ($85\;{\mu}m$) $\alpha$-SiC powder and $44\;{\mu}m$ mullite, $CaCO_3$ powder were used as the starting materials. The candle type preforms were fabricated by vacuum extrusion and ramming process, and sintered at $1400^{\circ}C$ 2 h in air atmosphere. Corrosion test of the sintered candle filter specimens as forming method was performed at $600^{\circ}C$ for 2,400 h in simulated IGCC syngas atmosphere. The effect of forming method on mechanical properties, pore distribution, microstructure and crystalline phase was investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.662-667
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• 2009

Porous SiC candle filter preforms were fabricated by extrusion and ramming process. To fabricate SiC candle filter preform, commercially available 85 ${\mu}m\;{\alpha}-$-SiC powder and 44 ${\mu}m$ mullite, CaC$O_3$ powder were used as the starting materials. The candle type preforms were fabricated by vacuum extrusion and ramming process, and sintered at $1400{^{\circ}C}$ 2 h in air atmosphere. The effect of forming method on porosity, density, strength (flexural and compressive strength) and microstructure was investigated. Also, corrosion test of the sintered candle filter specimens as forming method was performed at $600{^{\circ}C}$ in IGCC syngas atmosphere. The sintered SiC filter which was formed by ramming process has more higher density and exhibit higher strength than extruded filter. Its maximum density and 3-point bending strength were 2.00 g/$cm^3$ and 45 MPa, respectively.