• 제목/요약/키워드: Candida utilis

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Artemia와 진주담치 유생에 대한 효모의 먹이효율 (Dietary value of yeast on nauplius of Artemia and Mytilus edulis)

  • 김해영;김중균;허성범
    • 한국양식학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국양식학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문요약집
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    • pp.84-85
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    • 2003
  • 조개류의 먹이생물인 미세조류를 대체할 수 있는 효모를 개발하기 위하여 빵효모 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), Candida utilis, Klyveromyces fragilis 3종류의 효모를 대상으로 그 먹이효율을 실험하였다. 이들 3종류의 효모를 세포벽을 75, 50, 25% 제거한 것과 세포벽을 제거하지 않은 효모로 구분하여 Artemia를 대상으로 먹이효율을 조사한 후 가장 좋은 먹이효율을 보인 C. utilis를 조개류의 대표적 먹이생물인 Isoch교sis galbana 와 함께 진주담치 유생을 대상으로 먹이효율을 조사하였다. Artemia 실험결과 빵효모보다 C. utilis, K. fragilis가 높은 생존율과 성장을 보였으며 세포벽을 제거한 것이 제거하지 않은 것보다 유의적으로 높은 생존율을 보였다. Artemia의 생존율은 75%와 50% 세포벽을 제거한 것이 25%에 비해 유의적으로 높은 생존율을 보였다. 성장은 유의적이지는 않지만 전체적으로 세포벽을 많이 제거할수록 성장과 생존율은 높은 경향이었다. 이와같이 Artemia의 경우는 세포벽을 제거한 C. utilis가 더 좋은 먹이효율을 보인 것은 Artemia는 효모의 세포벽을 소화시키지 못하기 때문으로 판단 할 수 있다. 진주담치 유생의 먹이로 C. utilis를 공급한 경우 성장에 있어서 세포벽을 제거한 효모를 50% 대체한 실험구의 먹이효율이 가장 좋았으며 세포벽을 벗기지 않은 효모의 경우 I. galbana에 비해 낮은 결과를 보였다. 진주담치 유생에 있어서도 세포벽을 제거한 C. utilis를 공급한 것은 대조구인 I. galbana와 생존율에 있어 유의성이 없었다. 그리고 25% 세포벽을 제거한 것을 공급한 실험구는 유의적으로 낮은 생존율을 보였다. 각장 성장의 경우 75% 세포벽을 제거한 것은 대조구인 I. galbana와 유의성이 없었다. 세포벽을 제거한 C. utilis와 I. galbana를 1:1로 혼합하여 공급한 실험의 경우 생존율에 있어서는 세포벽을 50%, 75% 제거한 C. utilis를 50% 첨가한 실험구는 대조구인 I. galbana 100%를 공급한 것과 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 성장의 경우는 I. galbana 에 세모벽을 75% 제거한 C. utilis를 1:1로 혼합한 실험구에서 각장 179.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 각고 150.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$로 가장 높았고 대조구인 I. galbana 100%와는 유의적인 차이를 보였다.

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Evaluation of Different Yeast Species for Improving In vitro Fermentation of Cereal Straws

  • Wang, Zuo;He, Zhixiong;Beauchemin, Karen A.;Tang, Shaoxun;Zhou, Chuanshe;Han, Xuefeng;Wang, Min;Kang, Jinhe;Odongo, Nicholas E.;Tan, Zhiliang
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.230-240
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    • 2016
  • Information on the effects of different yeast species on ruminal fermentation is limited. This experiment was conducted in a $3{\times}4$ factorial arrangement to explore and compare the effects of addition of three different live yeast species (Candida utilis 1314, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1355, and Candida tropicalis 1254) at four doses (0, $0.25{\times}10^7$, $0.50{\times}10^7$, and $0.75{\times}10^7$ colony-forming unit [cfu]) on in vitro gas production kinetics, fiber degradation, methane production and ruminal fermentation characteristics of maize stover, and rice straw by mixed rumen microorganisms in dairy cows. The maximum gas production (Vf), dry matter disappearance (IVDMD), neutral detergent fiber disappearance (IVNDFD), and methane production in C. utilis group were less (p<0.01) than other two live yeast supplemented groups. The inclusion of S. cerevisiae reduced (p<0.01) the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3$-N), isobutyrate, and isovalerate compared to the other two yeast groups. C. tropicalis addition generally enhanced (p<0.05) IVDMD and IVNDFD. The $NH_3$-N concentration and $CH_4$ production were increased (p<0.05) by the addition of S. cerevisiae and C. tropicalis compared with the control. Supplementation of three yeast species decreased (p<0.05) or numerically decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate. The current results indicate that C. tropicalis is more preferred as yeast culture supplements, and its optimal dose should be $0.25{\times}10^7$ cfu/500 mg substrates in vitro.

발효 미생물에 따른 인삼꽃의 항산화 활성 (Antioxidant Activity of Panax ginseng Flower-buds Fermented with Various Microorganisms)

  • 김경희;김다미;변명우;윤영식;육홍선
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.663-669
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    • 2013
  • 인삼과 마찬가지로 많은 사포닌을 함유하고 있는 인삼꽃의 이용 가치를 증진시키기 위한 연구의 일환으로 Bacillus subtilis(BS), Lactobacillus plantarum(LP), Lactobacillus casei(LC), Candida utilis(CU), Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain CHY1011(Y1), Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain ZP 541(Y2), 혼합발효(M) 등의 여러 유용 미생물을 이용하여 인삼꽃을 발효시킨 후 미생물별 인삼꽃 발효물에 대한 항산화 활성 변화를 탐색하였다. 총 페놀함량 측정 결과 무발효 추출물은 인삼꽃 발효물에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 높은 값을 보였으며, 발효 균주 중에서는 BS로 발효한 발효물이 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. DPPH radical 소거활성 및 ABTS radical 소거활성 측정 결과 BS 발효물이 유의적으로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으나, FRAP value(10 mg/mL)는 무발효 추출물의 활성이 가장 높게 나왔으며 BS 발효물과는 유의차를 보이지 않았다. 환원력 측정 결과, 대체적으로 무발효 추출물에 비해 미생물 발효물에서 높은 활성을 나타내었으며 LC 발효물이 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 따라서 여러 유용미생물을 이용한 인삼꽃 발효의 경우 Bacillus subtilis를 이용하여 발효할 경우 다른 균주들을 이용하는 것보다 항산화 활성 증진에 우수한 효과를 나타낼 것으로 사료되며 다른 생리활성 증진 효과에 대한 연구가 좀 더 진행되어져야 할 것이다.

글루타치온 고함유 정미성 효모추출물 개발 (Development of a Flavor-Enriched Yeast Extract with a High Glutathione Content)

  • 배인영;구승현;유현재;김종민;배현아;전은정;오언;이대희;허병석;이현규
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.549-553
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구에서는 다양한 효모 배양액을 자가소화 시킨 후 관능검사를 통해 1차적으로 8종(S. cerevisiae 3종, C. utilis 4종 및 Z.rouxii 1종)을 선별하였다. 이 중 정미성과 균체 성장율을 고려하여 C. utilis인 SEM-Y8을 선정하여 고글루타치온 생산을 위한 균주 개량을 수행하였다. 두 번의 UV 처리를 통해 SEM-Y8보다 글루타치온 생성능이 2.0배 증가된 SY8-M2-1 개량 효모 균주를 얻었으며, 선택배지(4.0% yeast extract, 1.5% glucose, 0.04% $NH_4H_2PO_4$, 0.04% L-cystein)를 사용함으로써 글루타치온 함량을 1.5배 더 향상시킬 수 있었다. 이상의 조건에서 얻어진 고글루타치온 함유 효모추출물은 마늘과 양파엑기스보다 우수한 감칠맛과 부드럽고 깊은 맛을 나타내었으며, SEM-Y8 대비 3.2배 향상된 라디컬 소거능을 나타내었다.

Yeast Single-Cell Protein Production Using Potato Processing Waste Water

  • Park, Eung-Yeal;Crawford, Don-L.;Korus, Roger-A.;Heimsch, Richard-D.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제1권3호
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    • pp.212-219
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    • 1991
  • Four species of yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis, Saccharomycopsis flbuligera, and Schwanniomyces castellii were evaluated for their ability to bioconvert potato processing waste water into microbial protein and the resulting single-cell proteins were evaluated as protein sources for rainbow trout, using in vitro analyses. The studies indicated that Schwanniomyces castellii, which utilizes starch dircetly and converts it into cell mass efficiently, was suitable for the bioconversion. In the single-stage continuous bioconversion, the yield S. castellii cell mass, which contained approximately 37% protein, was 77%, at dilution rate 0.25 $h^{-1}$. Reduction of total carbohydrate was 81%. During batch fermentations, cell mass yield was about 72% and total carbohydrate reduction was 81%. Among the yeasts tested, S. castellii possessed the most fragile cell wall and had a favorable amino acid profile for salmonid fish; protein score of 86% (Met). In an in vitro pepsin digestibility test 80% digestibility (23~38% above control) was observed when cells were pre-heated in a steam bath for 30 min. Results presented should be regarded as being preliminary in nature because they were derived from single experiments.

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Antimicrobial Activity of Garlic Heated under Different Conditions, Time of Heating, and pH

  • Kim, Eun-Hee;Kang, Seung-Sik;Kang, Dong-Hee;Kyung, Kyu-Hang
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.771-775
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    • 2009
  • Antimicrobial activity of garlic (pH 6.0) heated at $120^{\circ}C$ reached its maximum at 45 min of heating and maintained the level for the rest of heating time (300 min) when tested against Candida utilis ATCC42416. The principal antimicrobial compound was allyl alcohol (AA), a highly volatile compound without sulfur in its molecule. The concentration of AA in heated garlic gradually increased to over 2,000 ppm for the first 90 min and stayed at the level without appreciable changes in spite of further heating. Other antimicrobial compounds secondary to AA were lowly volatile sulfur compounds including diallyl polysulfides (diallyl trisulfide, diallyl tetrasulfide, and diallyl pentasulfide) and heterocyclic sulfur compounds (4-methyl-1,2,3-trithiolane, 5-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrathiane, and 6-methyl-1,2,3,4,5-pentathiepane). When the pH of the garlic extract was lowered before heating, considerably more secondary antimicrobial sulfur compounds were formed and the antimicrobial activity was stronger than the pH unadjusted garlic. Lowly volatile sulfur compounds contributed a significant part of antimicrobial activity of heated garlic only during the early period (45-120 min) of heating regardless of pH treatment.

한국산 야생효모에 관한 연구 4 (Studies on the Wild Yeasts in Korea(IV))

  • 박명삼
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.157-166
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    • 1973
  • Fermented feed using rice, barley, wheat, and defatted rice brans as the raw materials were prepared by 3 species of wild yeasts which were selected among 35 strains of yeasts isolated, and their analytical values were examined. The results were as follows : 1. The three yeasts were identified as H.amomala var. anomala (No.225), Candida utilis (No.400), and Irpex-cellulase(consors) (no.403-A). 2. The optimum pH, and sugar concentration of these yeasts in liquid culture were pH 5.0 and Bllg. 10.deg. each. The optimum temperature was 30.deg.C for No.225 and No.403-A, 25.deg.C for No.400. The No.225 and No.403-A grow at higher temperature than 37.deg.C and 40.deg.C each. 3. The No.225 yeast had a large vegetative cell and strong sugar fermentability. The No.225 and 403-A could assimilate cellobiose, xylose, $KNO_2$ and $KNO_3$. These properties were fit for bran fermentation. 4. The No.403-A microorganism was a yeast-like microbe and showed cellulase activity which might help the propagation of other yeasts on the brans. 5. The analytical data of fermented feed indicated the following order of usable value ; rice-wheat-barley bran 4:4:2, rice-wheat bran 5:5, rice-barley bran 5:5, rice-defatted rice bran 5:5. 6. the fermented feed were prepared by mixing brans, 0.3% ammonium sulfate and 5%(w/w) inoculum of yeast suspension in 4% glucose solution. Water content 70-80%, fermentation temperature 25-30.deg.C, and fermentation time 2-3 days were given. 7. The rice-wheat bran 5:5 and rice-barley bran 5:5 fermented feed showed 11, 17-11.45% protein increase, and the rice-barley-wheat bran 4:4:2 and rice-defatted bran 5:5 showed 3.75-6.03% protein increase. 8. The fermented feed prepared in this experiment by the author might work as a nutritive feed using microbial cell body, enzymes produced by microbes and other microbial cell constituents.

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Utilization of Potato Starch Processing Wastes to Produce Animal Feed with High Lysine Content

  • Li, Ying;Liu, Bingnan;Song, Jinzhu;Jiang, Cheng;Yang, Qian
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.178-184
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    • 2015
  • This work aims to utilize wastes from the potato starch industry to produce single-cell protein (SCP) with high lysine content as animal feed. In this work, S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine hydrochloride-resistant Bacillus pumilus E1 was used to produce SCP with high lysine content, whereas Aspergillus niger was used to degrade cellulose biomass and Candida utilis was used to improve the smell and palatability of the feed. An orthogonal design was used to optimize the process of fermentation for maximal lysine content. The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows: temperature of 40℃, substrate concentration of 3%, and natural pH of about 7.0. For unsterilized potato starch wastes, the microbial communities in the fermentation process were determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Results showed that the dominant population was Bacillus sp. The protein quality as well as the amino acid profile of the final product was found to be significantly higher compared with the untreated waste product at day 0. Additionally, acute toxicity test showed that the SCP product was non-toxic, indicating that it can be used for commercial processing.

Enzyme-assisted extraction of Ecklonia cava fermented with Lactobacillus brevis and isolation of an anti-inflammatory polysaccharide

  • Lee, Won-Woo;Ahn, Ginnae;Wijesinghe, W.A.J.P.;Yang, Xiudong;Ko, Chang-Ik;Kang, Min-Cheol;Lee, Bae-Jin;Jeon, You-Jin
    • ALGAE
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    • 제26권4호
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    • pp.343-350
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    • 2011
  • Fermentation and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) improve nutritional and functional properties of foods by increasing the extraction of active compounds, ingestion rates, and body absorption. In this study, we investigated whether applying the EAE process improves the extraction and isolation efficiency of a polysaccharide from fermented Ecklonia cava (FE), which inhibited NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that the FE using the fungi Candida utilis and two different bacteria, namely Lactobacillus brevis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae increased protein and carbohydrate contents in comparison with those in non-fermented E. cava (NE). Aqueous extracts of fermented E. cava increased extraction yields and carbohydrate content, compared with the aqueous extract of NE. In addition, treating LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with aqueous extracts resulted in reduced NO production compared to that in LPS-treated cells. Ten EAEs of L. brevis-fermented E. cava (LFE) improved NO inhibitory effects in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells and the Viscozyme extract (VLFE) from the resulting extracts showed the highest NO inhibitory effect. We found that the >30 kDa fraction of VLFE led to markedly high inhibition of LPS-induced NO production as compared to that in the <30 kDa fraction. The crude polysaccharide isolated from >30 kDa fraction (VLFEP) consisted of fucose and markedly decreased NO production induced by LPS stimulation. VLFEP could be useful as an anti-inflammatory agent to suppress macrophage activation.

가압살균한 양배추즙액의 미생물번식 저해작용 (Antimicrobial Activity of Autoclaved Cabbage Juice)

  • 한덕철;경규항
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.74-79
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    • 1995
  • $121^{\circ}C$에서 15분간 가압살균한 양배추즙액은 미생물번식 저해작용을 나타내기도 하였는데 이 가압살균한 앙배추즙액의 미생물번식 저해작용에 대한 미생물의 감수성은 미생물마다 차이가 있었다. 대체로 그람양성세균 중에서 젖산균은 내성이 컸던 반면 기타 그람양성세균은 내성이 낮았다. 효모의 번식도 대체로 크게 저해를 받았으며 그람음성세균은 비교적 저해정도가 적었다. 가압살균한 기타 다른 채소도 미생물번식 저해작용이 관찰되었다. 희석하지 않은 가압살균한 앙배추즙액에서는 번식 하지 못하였던 S. aureus와 C. utilis가 가압살균한 양배추즙액을 물로 희석한 경우 번식한 것을 보면 번식저해의 원인이 영양분 부족때문은 아닌 것으로 판단된다. 양배추즙의 가열 조건을 달리한 경우의 미생물번식을 보면 $100^{\circ}C$에서 20분, 30분 가열시에는 번식 저해효과가 없었고, $121^{\circ}C$에서 5분, 10분, 15분 가열하였을 때는 번식저해효과가 있었다. 양배추즙을 가열시 발생하는 저해물질은 가열온도가 높고, 가열시간이 길수록 더 많이 생성되었으며, 가압살균한 앙배추즙액에 의한 미생물번식 저해작용은 cysteine과 glutathione에 의해 어느 정도 반전되었다. 가압살균한 양배추즙액을 음이온교환수지처리하면 미생물번식 저해작용이 없어졌으나 이는 양배추의 항미생물성 물질이 높은 pH에서 불안정하였기 때문에 나타난 현상이었다.

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