• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.402-408
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The goal of this study was to compare the adhesion of Candida albicans to the surfaces of CAD/CAM and conventionally fabricated complete denture bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Twenty discs of acrylic resin poly (methyl methacrylate) were fabricated with CAD/CAM and conventional procedures (heat-polymerized acrylic resin). The specimens were divided into two groups: 10 discs were fabricated using the CAD/CAM procedure (Wieland Digital Denture Ivoclar Vivadent), and 10 discs were fabricated using a conventional flasking and pressure-pack technique. Candida colonization was performed on all the specimens using four Candida albicans isolates. The difference in Candida albicans adhesion on the discs was evaluated. The number of adherent yeast cells was calculated by the colony-forming units (CFU) and by Fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS. There was a significant difference in the adhesion of Candida albicans to the complete denture bases created with CAD/CAM and the adhesion to those created with the conventional procedure. The CAD/CAM denture bases exhibited less adhesion of Candida albicans than did the denture bases created with the conventional procedure (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The CAD/CAM procedure for fabricating complete dentures showed promising potential for reducing the adherence of Candida to the denture base surface. Clinical Implications. Complete dentures made with the CAD/CAM procedure might decrease the incidence of denture stomatitis compared with conventional dentures.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the adhesion of Candida albicans according to build angle in 3D printing denture base resin. Methods: The 3D printing was performed by setting the build angle of the disk type specimen designed by CAD program at 0 degree, 30 degrees, 60 degrees, and 90 degrees. Surface roughness was measured using a non-contact 3D microsurface profiler. The specimens were incubated in Candida albicans suspension for 24 hours. The attached Candida albicans were detached by cell scraper. The suspension of detached C. albicans was serially diluted and plated on Trypticase soy broth. After 48 hours of incubation, total colony forming unit was counted. Results: There was no significant difference in surface roughness(Sa) between the test groups, but the interlayer boundary was observed. There was no statistically significant difference in total colony forming units of Candida albicans between the test groups. Conclusion: There was no difference in the average surface roughness and adhesion of Candida albicans between the specimens. It is considered that the setting of the build angle should be set considering the accuracy or strength rather than the roughness of the surface.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.284-294
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• 2006

Statement of problem. Proliferation of Candida albicans is primarily within the plaque on the fitting surface of the denture rather than on the inflamed mucosa. Consequently, the treatment of the denture is equally important as treatment of the tissue. Cleansing and disinfection should be efficiently carried-out as the organisms can penetrate into the voids of the acrylic resin and grow in them, from which they can continue to infect and reinfect bearing tissues. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of photocatalytic reaction to eliminate Candida albicans from acrylic resin denture base, and to investigate the anti-fungal effect with various UVA illumination time. Materials and Methods. The specimens were cured by the conventional method following the manufacturer's instruction using thermal polymerized denture base resin (Vertex RS: Dentimex, Netherlands). $TiO_2$ photocatalyst sol(LT), which is able to be coated at normal temperature, was made from the Ti-alkoxide progenitor. The XRD patterns, TEM images and nitrogen absorption ability of the $TiO_2$ photocatalyst sol(LT) were compared with the commercial $TiO_2$ photocatalyst P-25. The experimental specimens were coated with the mixture of the $TiO_2$ photocatalyst sol(LT) and binder material (silane) using dip-coater, and uncoated resin plates were used as the control group. Crystallinity of $TiO_2$ of the specimen was tested by the XRD. Size, shape and chemical compositions were also analyzed using the FE-SEM/ EDS. The angle and methylene blue degradation efsciency were measured for evaluating the photocatalytic activity of the $TiO_2$ film. Finally, the antifungal activity of the specimen was tested. Candida albicans KCTC 7629(1 ml, initial concentration $10^5$ cells/ ml) were applied to the experiment and control group specimens and subsequently two UVA light source with 10W, 353 nm peak emission were illuminated to the specimens from 15cm above. The extracted $2{\mu}l$ of sample was plated on nutrient agar plate ($Bacto^{TM}$ Brain Heart Infusion; BD, USA) with 10 minute intervals for 120 minute, respectively. It was incubated for 24 hours at $37^{\circ}C$ and the colony forming units (CFUs) were then counted. Results. Compared the characteristics of LT photocatalyst with commercial P-25 photocatalyst, LT were shown higher activity than P-25. The LT coated experimental specimen surface had anatase crystal form, less than 20 nm of particle size and wide specific surface area. To evaluate the photocatalytic activity of specimens, methylene blue degradation reaction were used and about 5% of degradation rate were measured after 2 hours. The average contact angle was less than $20^{\circ}$ indicating that the LT photocatalyst had hydrophilicity. In the antifungal activity test for Candida albicans, 0% survival rate were measured within 30 minute after irradiation of UVA light. Conclusion. From the results reported above, it is concluded that the UVA-LT photocatalytic reaction have an antifungal effect on the denture surface Candida albicans, and so that could be applicable to the clinical use as a cleaning method.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.482-485
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• 2017

PURPOSE. This laboratory study aimed to investigate the effect of doping an acrylic denture base resin material with nanoparticles of ZnO, CaO, and $TiO_2$ on biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Standardized specimens of a commercially available cold-curing acrylic denture base resin material were doped with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.8 wt% commercially available ZnO, CaO, and $TiO_2$ nanopowder. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to identify the availability of the nanoparticles on the surface of the modified specimens. Surface roughness was determined by employing a profilometric approach; biofilm formation was simulated using a monospecies Candida albicans biofilm model and a multispecies biofilm model including C. albicans, Actinomyces naeslundii, and Streptococcus gordonii. Relative viable biomass was determined after 20 hours and 44 hours using a MTT-based approach. RESULTS. No statistically significant disparities were identified among the various materials regarding surface roughness and relative viable biomass. CONCLUSION. The results indicate that doping denture base resin materials with commercially available ZnO, CaO, or $TiO_2$ nanopowders do not inhibit biofilm formation on their surface. Further studies might address the impact of varying particle sizes as well as increasing the fraction of nanoparticles mixed into the acrylic resin matrix.

• 대한치과보철학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.90-90
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• 2004

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate antifungal activity of shiitake mushroom yeast and hyphal type of Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: The extract from shiitake mushroom was collected by drying the supernatant after soaking shiitake mushrooms in water or ethanol. The antifungal activity of the extracts against yeast type of C. albicans was investigated by the susceptibility assay using microplate. C. albicans biofilm was formed on 12-well plate using Ham's F-12 medium in CO₂ incubator and treated with the ethanol extract. Furthermore, C. albicans biofilm was formed on denture base resin disk and treated with or without the ethanol extract in the presence of denture cleanser. Live C. albicans in biofilm was counted by cultured colony forming unit value after inoculated on agar plate. Results: Ethanol extract from shiitake mushroom showed stronger antifungal activity against yeast type of C. albicans compared to its water extract. The ethanol extract significantly reduced count of C. albicans in hyphal biofilm (P < 0.05). Also, the ethanol extract showed synergistically antifungal effect with denture cleanser on candidal biofilm on denture base resin disk (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The ethanol extract of shiitake mushroom may be a candidate for preventing candidal stomatitis as well as denture-related stomatitis.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.459-466
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical properties and antibacterial activity of denture base resin with added silver sulfadiazine. Methods: Specimens were made from self-curing denture base resin and silver sulfadiazine as an inorganic antibacterial agent. For physical evaluation of the specimens, surface roughness, surface hardness, and contact angle were measured. Bacterial growth was assessed by optical densityat 600 nm (OD600) and colony forming units (CFU) measurements to confirm antibacterial activity. Results: There was no significant difference in surface roughness, surface hardness, and contact angle in the experimental group containing silver sulfadiazine compared to the control group. In contrast, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in antibacterial activity compared to the control group in terms of OD value. Analysis of CFU confirmed a significant decrease in colonies in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusions: Denture base resin containing silver sulfadiazine, an inorganic antibacterial agent, exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity without physical changes. In conclusion, the use of denture base resin containing inorganic antibacterial agents may be expected in the future.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.47-53
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• 2023

When exposed to different types of bacteria in the oral cavity, denture based resins are prone to bacteria attachment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical, biological, and antimicrobial properties of denture base resins coated with Peony extract (200, 400, and 600 ㎍/mL). Specifically, the surface properties (microhardness, contact angle, and color change of the coated specimens), cell cytotoxicity (measured using MTT assay), and antimicrobial activity (against S. mutans (Streptococcus mutans) and C. albicans (Candida albicans) using a growth inhibition assay) were evaluated. The polyphenol content was measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrometry. The experimental groups (specimens coated with Peony extract) and a control group (specimens coated without Peony extract) were statistically compared using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests. No statistically significant differences in surface properties or cell cytotoxicity were observed, which demonstrated their biocompatibility. Conversely, a statistically significant difference in antimicrobial activity was observed between the experimental and control groups after 48 h. This confirms the antimicrobial activity of the denture base resin coated with Peony extract and demonstrates that it is a promising dental material for preventing stomatitis.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.703-710
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to confirm the influence of commercially available carbonated water on denture resin by confirming the changes in the denture surface and adhesion of bacteria. Methods: Carbonated water available in the domestic market was used on specimens made of prosthetic resins. The top four products with respect to sales performance was deposited for 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h over the study groups and over one control group. The surface roughness was measured. Candida albicans was inoculated and cultured over these dentures at 37℃ on the study groups of 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h, and the number of colonies formed was measured. Results: As a result of comparing the surface roughness between groups by immersion time, the difference between groups was confirmed at 48 hours. The Trevi group showed a larger Rz than the Samdasoo group. As a result of comparing the surface roughness by time in each group, statistical significance was shown in the Ra value of the Seagram and the Rz value of the Chojung sparkling water (p<0.05). The Ra value of the Seagram was higher for 48 h than for 30 min, and the Rz value of the Chojung sparkling water was higher at 48 h than at 30 min (p<0.05). Candida albicans concentration increased over the course of immersion. Conclusions: It was confirmed that longer the specimen of the denture resin was immersed in carbonated water, more the surface roughness was affected and higher the number of attached bacteria.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.106-111
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of 3 chairside polishing methods and laboratory polishing methods on surface roughness and $C.$ $albicans$ adhesion of polyamide denture base. Materials and methods: Using contact profilometer, the surface of polyamide specimens ($25{\times}15{\times}2mm$) was studied after conventional polishing without finishing and after chiarside polishing with 2 chiarside polishing kits and chairside-pumice polishing following finishing with tungsten carbide bur. To evaluate the adhesion of $C.$ $albicans$, $C.$ $albicans$ suspension was overlayed on the test specimen. And the specimens were incubated for 2 hours. Imprint culture method was achieved and counted the colony on the agar plate. Polished polyamide were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. The statistics were conducted using one-way ANOVA and in case of difference, Scheffe test and Tamhane's T2 test were used. Results: Surface roughness (Ra) of surfaces polished with 2 chairside polishing kits had higher than conventional polishing and pumice polishing. The highest roughness value was $0.32{\pm}0.10{\mu}m$, and the lowest was $0.02{\pm}0.00{\mu}m$. The adhesion of $C.$ $albicans$ on the specimens polished with chairside polishing group and pumice polishing group were increased than conventional polishing group ($P$<.01). Conclusion: Conventional laboratory polishing was found to produce the smoothest surface and the lowest adhesion of $C.$ $albicans$. Two groups polished with Chairside polishing kits were similar with respect to surface roughness. Surface of the specimen polished with pumice is significantly smoother than 2 chairside polishing groups, but the result of $C.$ $albicans$ adhesion is that group polished with pumice was similar with 2 chairside polishing groups ($P$>.01).