• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2003

Purpose: The prognostic significance of peri-operative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 determination in patients with gastric cancer has been controversial. This study was performed to evaluate the significance of CEA and CA19-9 as clinical predictors of prognosis. Materials and Methods: The correlations between peri-operative serum CEA/CA19-9 levels and clinicopathologic factors were evaluated retrospectively in gastric cancer patients who had undergone curative surgery during the period from January 1995 to December 1998 at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine. Results: The positive rates for CEA and CA19-9 were $17.9\%$ and $18.4\%$, respectively. The CEA positivity was related to the depth of invasion (P=0.040), lymph-node metastasis (P=0.000), and stage (P=0.001). The CA19-9 positivity was significantly related to the depth of invasion (P=0.000), lymph-node status (P=0.000), and stage (P=0.000). The positive rate of combined assay of pre-operative CEA and CA19-9 was $30.0\%$ There were statistically significant correlations with stage, depth of invasion, or degree of lymphnode metastasis in the combined assay. The survival rates according to the positivity of CEA and to the positivity of CA19-9 were clearly different (P=0.000). Conclusion: It should be stressed that even a simple blood test prior to surgery could be useful in establishing the depth of invasion, the status of lymph-node involvement, and the prognosis. For improved survival, an aggressive lymphadenectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered for patients with positive levels of pre-operative CA19- 9.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.320-324
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• 2018

발효대두 청국장에는 대두단백질이 발효에 의해 분해 형성된 다양한 펩타이드류가 들어 있다. 청국장 추출물이 처리된 유방암세포의 microarray data와 잘 알려진 유방암 전이 마커를 합쳐서 새로운 연결망이 제조되었으며 이를 이용해 전이 마커와 발현 차이가 있는 단백질 사이의 상호작용을 체크하였다. 연결망 분석을 통해 PLAU (plasminogen activator, urokinase, uPA)와 ERBB2 (epidermal growth factor receptor 2)를 실제 전이 가능성을 보여주는 유전자로 선택하였다. MCF7 암세포를 청국장추출물로 처리하고 PLAU와 ERBB2 발현정도를 측정하였다. 청국장 추출물은 PLAU와 ERBB2 발현을 상당히 억제하였다. 청국장 추출물을 처리한 암세포에서 염증 마커인 NO의 생산이 감소하였다. 인간 유방암세포에서 PLAU와 ERBB2 발현을 특이적으로 감소시키는 펩타이드를 찾아내는 것은 흥미로운 일일 것이다.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.122-126
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• 2016

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis occurs in approximately 5% of patients with cancer. The most common cancers involving the leptomeninges are breast, lung cancer and melanoma. However, gastric adenocarcinoma has been rarely reported with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis. The presenting manifestations are usually headache, visual disturbances and seizures. We report a case of leptomeningeal metastasis that presented as a gastric cancer. A 75-year old man was transferred to our hospital for further evaluation and treatment after being diagnosed with adenocarcinoma through endoscopic biopsy during a regular health examination. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) showed AGC, stage IA (cT1N0M0), while an endoscopic examination showed AGC, Borrmann type 2. The patient is currently under observation after undergoing radical subtotal gastrectomy with gastroduodenostomy and subsequent administration of oral chemotherapeutic agents. As an abdominal CT response assessment performed after surgery revealed new metastasis to the liver, the patient received palliative chemotherapy as recurrence was suspected. After receiving chemotherapy in the order of DP (Cisplatin + Docetaxel), FOLFIRI (5-FU + Leucovorin + Irinotecan), an abdominal CT response assessment showed complete response. Since decreased mentality maintained throughout the follow up period based on outpatient clinic, brain MRI was performed and revealed multiple leptomeningeal metastasis. The Patient died 2 days after the diagnosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1677-1682
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• 2015

Cancer progression is attained by uncontrolled cell division and metastasis. Increase in tumor size triggers different vascular channel formation to address cell nutritional demands. These channels are responsible for transferring of nutrients and gaseous to the cancer cells. Cancer vascularization is regulated by numerous factors including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). These factors play an important role during embryonic development. Members included in this group are VEGFA, VEGFB, VEGFC, PIGF and VEGFD which markedly influence cellular growth and apoptosis. Being freely diffusible these proteins act in both autocrine and paracrine fashions. In this review, genetic characterization these molecules and their putative role in cancer staging has been elaborated. Prognostic significance of these molecules along with different stages of cancer has also been summarized. Brief outline of ongoing efforts to target hot spot target sites against these VEGFs and their cognate limitations for therapeutic implications are also highlighted.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2006

목적: 위암 병기 4기는 다른 병기에서와 같이 여러 T인자 및 N인자로 구성되어 있으며, 특히 원격 전이가 존재하는 경우가 포함되어 있다. 4기에 속하는 위암 중 원격 전이군(M1)의 경우는 근치적 절제가 불가능한 경우로서 비 원격 전이군(M0)과 함께 동일 병기로 분류되어 있어 원격 전이 유무에 따라 환자의 생존율에 의미있는 차이가 있을 수 있다는 가능성을 가지고 비교 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1992년 6월부터 2005년 12월까지 본원에서 위암으로 수술한 1,630명 가운데 위절제술이 가능했던 4기 환자 308명을 대상으로 원격 전이 유무에 따른 여러 임상병리학적 인자들의 특성과 생존율을 비교 분석하였으며 추적기간의 중앙값은 43개월(범위, $1{\sim}154$개월)이었다. 결과: M0군의 5년 생존율은 35%, M1군은 16%로 M0군의 생존율은 M1군에 비해 의미 있게 높았으며(P=0.0000), M0군 중 T1-3N3M0군과 T4N1-2M0군간의 생존율은 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론: 현재의 TNM 분류법상 4기로 구분되는 예들을 비교 분석한 결과 M0군은 M1군에 비해서 통계적으로 유의하게 예후가 좋으므로 M0군은 stage IVa로, M1군은 stage IVb로 세분류하는 것이 타당하겠다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권20호
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• pp.8651-8656
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• 2014

Purpose: To study the expression of angiogenin-2 (Ang-2) and its receptor Tie-2 in colorectal cancer and discuss the possible mechanisms behind this process. Materials and Methods: Using the streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical method, paraffin sections from 100 colorectal cancer samples and 10 samples from tumor-adjacent normal tissue (> 2 cm from the edge of the gross tumor) were tested for protein expression of Ang-2, Tie-2, PI3K, and AKT. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blots were further used to measure expression of the 4 genes and proteins in 20 freshly-resected colorectal cancer samples and tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Results: In colorectal cancer tissues, the expression of the Ang-2, Tie-2, PI3K, and AKT genes and their proteins was significantly higher than in tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Protein expression in poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma was higher than that in well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. According to Duke's classification, the protein expression in Stages C and D was significantly higher than that in Stages A and B. In the group with lymphatic metastasis, the protein expression was higher than that without lymphatic metastasis. Conclusions: In colorectal cancer, the expression of the Ang-2, Tie-2, PI3K, and AKT genes and their proteins is markedly higher than those in tumor-adjacent normal tissues. No correlation was observed between protein expression and gender, location, or histologic type. Correlations did exist between protein expression and differentiation level, stage of Duke's classification, and lymphatic metastasis; in colorectal cancer tissues with lower differentiation levels, higher stages of Duke's classification, and lymphatic metastasis, the expression of all 4 proteins was higher. The study of their expression patterns and relationships with aggression and metastasis will provide a valuable experimental foundation for assessing prognosis and targeted therapy of colorectal cancer.

• 대한암한의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.89-103
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• 2010

Background: The greatest threats to the lives of cancer patients consist of both complications due to metastasis and the recurrence of original cancer. However, the existing forms of chemotherapy do not prevent these adverse events adequately because they suppress the patients' immune systems. A new methodology is required. Aim: To provide further validation for cancer immunotherapy (involving the use of traditional oriental herbal medicine). Method: Related articles, in both Korean and English were reviewed. Results: Cancer immunotherapy involving the use of traditional oriental herbal medicine can create inhospitable conditions for cancer cells and strengthen patients' immunological functioning. These effects are a demonstration of the principles of "strengthening healthy qi (扶正)" and "eliminating pathogens (祛邪)". As a result, immunotherapy protects against metastasis and original cancer recurrence by preventing the growth of cancer cells. This is very similar to the concept of a cancer dormancy therapy. Conclusion: It is strongly urged by the authors that more advanced studies be carried out on this promising therapy in the future in order to improve patients' quality of life and increase their survival time.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제67권1호
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• pp.42-46
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• 2009

저자들은 복통으로 내원한 환자에서 발견된 췌장 결절이 수술을 통하여 비소세포폐암의 단일성 췌장전이로 확진 되었던 드문 증례를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.186-191
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• 2017

The role of nodal station No. 14v (along the superior mesenteric vein) in lymphadenectomy for distal gastric cancer remains elusive. A 73-year-old woman underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric cancer, and was referred to our division for additional surgery because of pathologically non-curative resection. A laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D1+ dissection was performed, with a final diagnosis of pT1bN1M0, Stage IB (2 nodal metastases to No. 6). Four months post-surgery, abdominal computed tomography revealed a 14-mm solitary nodule along the superior mesenteric vein. The lesion was excised and pathologically identified as a lymph node metastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium (S-1) was administered for the metastasis. Presently the patient survives without recurrence, 5.5 years after the second operation. Our findings suggest that there is lymphatic flow from the No. 6 to the No. 14v nodal station. Some patients with a No. 6 metastasis may benefit from a No. 14v lymphadenectomy, even in early-staged disease.

• Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women. The patients with advanced breast cancer develop metastasis to bone. Bone metastasis and skeletal-related events by breast cancer are frequently associated with the invasiveness of breast cancer cells and osteoclasts-mediated bone resorption. Forsythia koreana is used in oriental traditional medicine to treat asthma, atopy, and allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of F. koreana extracts on the invasion of breast cancer cells and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Methods: Cell viability was measured by an MTT assay and the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells were detected by a Boyden chamber assay. The formation of osteoclasts and pit was detected using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and calcium phosphate-coated plates, respectively. The activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K were evaluated by gelatin zymography and a cathepsin K detection kit. Results: The fruit and leaf extracts of F. koreana significantly inhibited the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. The fruit extract of F. koreana reduced the transforming growth factor ${\beta}1-induced$ migration, invasion and MMPs activities of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, the fruit, branch, and leaf extracts of F. koreana also inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-induced osteoclast formation and osteoclast-mediated bone-resorbing activity by reducing the activities of MMPs and cathepsin K. Conclusions: The extracts of F. koreana may possess the potential to inhibit the breast cancer-induced bone destruction through blocking invasion of breast cancer cells, osteoclastogenesis, and the activity of mature osteoclasts.