• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.291-297
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• 2015

The Homeobox B13 (HOXB13):Interleukin 17 Receptor B (IL17BR) index of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer (ER (+) BC) patients may be a potential biomarker of recurrence/ metastasis. However, effects of microRNA (miRNA) binding to the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of HOXB13 and IL17BR and its function on recurrence/metastasis in ER (+) BC remains elusive. The aims of this study were to determine the expression of miRNAs that bind to 3' UTR of HOXB13 and IL17BR in ER (+) BC patients and asess the effects of these miRNAs on recurrence/metastasis. The expression profiles of HOXB13 and IL17BR were evaluated using RT-PCR in tumors and normal tissue samples from 40 ER (+) BC patients. The expression level of 4 miRNAs, which were predicted to bind the 3' UTR of HOXB13 and IL17BR using TargetScan, microRNA.org and miRDB online databases, were further evaluated with RT-PCR. Our findings demonstrated that high miR-1266 levels might be significant prognostic factor for recurrence/metastasis occurrence (3.05 fold p=0.004) and tamoxifen response (3.90 fold; p=0.2514) in ER (+) BC cases. Although we suggest that modulation of miR-1266 expression may be an important mechanism underlying the chemoresistance of ER (+) BC, advanced studies and validation are required.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 2023

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In addition, lymph node metastasis in CRC is considered an important prognostic factor for predicting disease recurrence and patient survival. Recent studies demonstrated that the microbiome makes substantial contributions to tumor progression, however, there is still unknown about the microbiome associated with lymph node metastasis of CRC. Here, we first reported the microbial and tumor-infiltrating immune cell differences in CRC according to the lymph node metastasis status. Materials and Methods: Using Next Generation Sequencing data acquired from 368 individuals diagnosed with CRC (N0, 266; N1, 102), we applied the LEfSe to elucidate microbial differences. Subsequent utilization of the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis enabled the identification of particular genera exerting significant influence on patient survival outcomes. Results: We found 18 genera in the N1 group and 3 genera in the N0 group according to CRC lymph node metastasis stages. In addition, we found that the genera Crenobacter (P=0.046), Maricaulis (P=0.093), and Arsenicicoccus (P=0.035) in the N0 group and Cecembia (P=0.08) and Asanoa (P=0.088) in the N1 group were significantly associated with patient survival according to CRC lymph node metastasis stages. Further, Cecembia is highly correlated to tumor-infiltrating immune cells in lymph node metastasized CRC. Concolusion: Our study highlights that tumor-infiltrating immune cells and intratumoral microbe diversity are associated with CRC. Also, this potential microbiome-based oncology diagnostic tool warrants further exploration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.5
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• pp.1246-1257
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• 2021

Purpose To assess the predictive factors and describe the imaging features of mediastinal lymph node (MLN) metastases in patients with head and neck cancer. Materials and Methods We compared the clinical features and disease characteristics (sex, age, site of primary tumor, histologic type, history of prior treatments, TNM stages, and metastasis in cervical LNs) of patients with head and neck cancers between the MLN metastasis and no MLN metastasis groups. We also evaluated the chest CT (distribution and maximum dimension of the largest LN) and PET/CT (maximum standardized uptake value) features of MLN metastases based on the MLN classification. Results Of the 470 patients with head and neck cancer, 55 (11.7%) had MLN metastasis, involving 150 mediastinal stations. Hypopharynx cancer, recurrent tumor, T4 stage, N2/N3 stages, and M1 stage were found to be significant predicting factors for MLN metastasis. The most common location of MLN metastasis was ipsilateral station 2 (upper paratracheal LNs, 36.4%), followed by ipsilateral station 11 (interlobar LNs, 27.3%) and ipsilateral station 10 (hilar LNs, 25.5%). Conclusion Metastasis to MLNs should be considered in patients with head and neck cancer, especially in cases that are associated with a hypopharyngeal cancer, recurrent tumor, and high TNM stages.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.197-201
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• 2001

Purpose: There are variants of gastric cancer assoclated with predominantly peritoneal spread of with haematogenous metastases. Perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery is considered as a rational therapeutic modality to prevent peritoneal spread. We evaluated the influence of early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy on the prognosis of resectable advanced gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: From 1990 to 1995, 246 patients with biopsy proven advanced gastric cancer were enrolled in the study. Among them 123 patients received early postoperative intraperitoneal mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil. The survival rate was calculated using by the Kaplan-Meier method and was compared using the log-rank test according to 13 clinico-pathologic factors. Multivariate analysis was performed with the Coxproportional hazards model. Results: Gastric resection plusearly postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy showed an improved survival rate as compared to surgery alone ($54.1\%\;versus\;40.3\%;$ P=0.0325). Depth of tumor invasion, degree of regional lymph vode metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor size, tumor location, extent of gastric resection, and curability of surgery significantly influenced survival. When a multivariate analysis was performed, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, curability of surgery, and extent of gastric resection emerged as the statistically significant and independent prognostic factors. Conlusion: Early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy is one of the independent prognostic indicators of resectable advanced gastric cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1995-1998
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• 2013

Objective: To study the expression of the mismatch repair proteins hMSH2 and nm23 in sporadic colorectal cancer, determine any inter-relationship, and further investigate any clinical significance. Methods: Expression of hMSH2 and nm23 proteins was assessed in 87 colorectal cancer tissues by SP immunohistochemistry, with analysis of survival using follow-up data. Results: In the sporadic colorectal cancer tissues, nm23 protein expression appeared independent of the histological type (P>0.05), but correlated with the invasion depth and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05). In contrast, hMSH2 protein expression was not significantly correlated with these clinicopathologic features (P>0.05), although it positively correlated with that of nm23 protein in the sporadic colorectal cancers (rs=0.635, P<0.05). Combined expression of the two was found to be related with invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis and prognosis of sporadic colorectal cancer (P<0.05). Conclusion: nm23 protein level was related with the degree of malignancy, and could be used as an index to predict the invasion and metastasis potential. The expression of hMSH2 protein is positively correlated that of nm23 protein, and the combined expression of the two has certain guiding significance for the prognosis of sporadic colorectal cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.3895-3899
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• 2014

C4.4A, a metastasis-associated gene, encodes a glycolipid-anchored membrane protein which is overexpressed in several human malignancies. However, there are few data available on C4.4A expression and its relationship with progression in gastric cancer. Our study was designed to explore the expression of C4.4A in gastric cancer and to correlate it with clinical outcome. C4.4A expression was studied by quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for assessment of correlations with clinicopathological factors. C4.4A mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer as compared with noncancerous tissue (p<0.05)., being observed in 107 (88.4%) of the 121 gastric cancer cases by immunohistochemistry. We found that the expression of C4.4A mRNA was correlated with size of the tumor, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and TNM stage. Moreover, patients with overexpression of C4.4A has a significantly worse survival (p<0.05). Further multivariable analysis indicated that the expression of C4.4A was an independent prognostic indicator for gastric cancer (p<0.05). In conclusion, overexpression of C4.4A correlates with metastatic potential of gastric cancer and C4.4A could be a novel independent prognostic marker for predicting outcome.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2012

Objective : This study reports one case of a patient diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung cancer with bone metastasis. Methods : A 56-year old male patient was diagnosed as squamous cell lung cancer in 1997 and received chemotherapy. The chemotherapy stopped after one cycle because of toxicity and the lung abscess. After four months from the diagnosis, rib metastasis was found and received the radiation therapy for two weeks. After the treatment, adverse effects such as nausea and anorexia appeared. The patient visited K. Korean Medicine Hospital and started the treatment with the allergen removed Rhus verniciflua stokes (aRVS) since December, 1997. Results and Conclusion : During treatment, the patient's quality of life had improved, and he had survived for 14 years after the administration of aRVS. This case suggests that aRVS can be an alternative treatment for the advanced NSCLC patients with bone metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.18
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• pp.8461-8465
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• 2016

Gastric cancer (GC) as the fourth most common cause of malignancies shows high rate of morbidity appropriating the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Developmental pluripotency associated-2 (DPPA2), cancer-testis antigen (CT100), is commonly expressed only in the human germ line and pluripotent embryonic cells but it is also present in a significant subset of malignant tumors. To investigate whether or not DPPA2 expression is recalled in GC, our aim in this study was to elucidate DPPA2 protein expression in gastric cancer. Fifty five GC tumor and their related margin normal tissues were recruited to evaluate DPPA2 protein expression and its probable associations with different clinicopathological features of the patients. DPPA2 was overexpressed in GC cases compared with normal tissues (P < .005). While DPPA2 expression was detected in all GC samples, its high expression was found in 23 of 55 tumor tissues (41.8%). Interestingly, 50 of 55 normal samples (90.9%) were negative for DPPA2 protein expression and remained 5 samples showed very low expression of DPPA2. DPPA2 protein expression in GC was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.012). The clinical relevance of DPPA2 in GC illustrated that high level expression of this protein was associated with lymph node metastasis supporting this hypothesis that alteration in DPPA2 was associated with aggressiveness of gastric cancer and may be an early event in progression of the disease. DPPA2 may be introduced as a new marker for invasive and metastatic GCs.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2004

Recently, we experienced two advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients younger than 17 years of age. The first case was a 15-year, 2-month-old male who had suffered from epigastric soreness for 5 weeks. His grandfather died of gastric cancer at 39 years of age. Under the diagnosis of AGC, he underwent a total gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. There was no evidence of distant metastasis. Pathologic examination revealed a 4.5$\times$4 cm, signet ring cell adenocarcinoma with subserosal invasion and with metastasis in 9 of 42 regional lymph nodes (T2bN2M0). The second case was a 17-year, 11-month-old male who had suffered from epigastric pain for 2 years without familial clustering. Under the diagnosis of AGC, he underwent a distal subtotal gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection. There was no evidence of distant metastasis. Pathologic examination revealed a 3$\times$2 cm, signet ring cell adenocarcinoma with subserosal invasion and with metastasis in 9 of 45 regional lymph nodes (T2bN2M0). The two patients have been alive without recurrence for 27 months and 4 months, respectively. Even among teenagers, patients with abdominal complaints should be subjected to a thorough examination of the gastrointestinal tract.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7219-7222
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• 2014

Background: Early gastric cancer (EGC) is well accepted as having a favorable prognosis, but some patients experience an ominous outcome after curative resection. This study was aimed at evaluating predictive factors associated with prognosis of D2 gastrectomies in patients with early gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 518 patients with early gastric cancer who underwent D2 gastrectomies were reviewed in this study. The clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes were analyzed. The survival rate was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log rank test. Prognostic factors were analyzed using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Results: The 5-year survival rate was 90.3%. Tumor infiltration, lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular invasion were significant prognostic factors for survival. Gender, age, tumor size, tumor location, macroscopic type and histological type were not significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis indicated that lymph node metastasis was an independent poor prognosis factor. Conclusions: Early gastric cancers with lymph node metastasis have a relatively poor prognosis after standard surgery. Even after curative resection, patients with EGC with positive lymph nodes should be closely followed and be considered as candidates for comprehensive therapies.