• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.684-691
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• 2008

As part of studies to develop new materials to lower blood glucose levels using crude polysaccharide, this study was attempted to analyze the characteristics of crude polysaccharide obtained from the extracts of a mixed herbal medium(OCM) where Trichloloma matsutake mycelium and Cordyceps militaris mycelium were cultured together and to look into the influence of administering these by concentration upon the blood glucose and serum lipid levels of rats with diabetes which was induced by STZ(Streptozotosin). Experimental group was divided into 6 groups: first, it was divided into normal control group(NC group) and diabetes-induced group, and diabetes-induced group was subdivided into diabetic control group(DC group), acarbose-treated group(PC group), 100 mg/kg/body weight-treated by crude polysaccharide of OCM(UE) group(UE100 group), 200 mg/kg/body weight-treated group(UE200 group), and 300 mg/kg/body weight-treated group(UE300 group). In diabetic-induced groups, after streptozotocin was melted in 0.01M citrate buffer at 50 mg/kg/body weight, when the non-fasting blood glucose level not on an empty stomach was 300 mg/dl or more in blood collected from the tail vein, it was regarded as diabetic induction and then such diabetic-induced experimental animals were used in this experiment. The yield of crude polysaccharide obtained from OCM was found to be 0.31% and the ${\beta}$-glucan content 39.40%. As a result of analyzing NO on immune function, which is known as major physiological activity of crude polysaccharide, high NO viability was shown; when 1 mg/ml LPS was treated at 1 ug/ml, it was found to be 50.77 uM, and when LPS was treated at 10 ug/m, it was found to be 53.78 uM. Also, regarding cancer cells, cell count was decreased by about 26% in proportion to sample concentration, while for normal cells, it was a little decreased in proportion to concentration, however, cell count was maintained in the range of $81.92{\sim}98.16%$ at all concentrations. In case of blood glucose level, it was decreased in all extract-treated groups compared to DC group and in the cases of ALT and AST, they were found to be lower in extract-treated groups compared to PC group and for serum lipid, it was found to be lower in UE100 group compared to PC group. Thus this study tried to utilize these results as fundamental data for development of preventive and therapeutic agents against diabetes as well as functional foods using the crude polysaccharide of mushrooms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2017

Chronic kidney disease can be treated if it is detected early, but as the disease progresses, it becomes impossible to recover. Finally, renal replacement therapy such as transplantation or dialysis should be used. Ultrasonography is used to diagnose kidney cancer, inflammatory disease, nodular disease, and chronic kidney disease. It is used to identify information about degree of inflammation using information such as kidney size, internal echo characteristics. Currently, the degree of disease in the clinic uses the value of glomerular filtration rate. However, even in ultrasound, changes in the degree of inflammation and disease can be observed. In this study, we used ultrasound images to quantify the changes in brightness, size, cortex, and subclinical changes of the kidney with progression of the disease, and compared them with the glomerular filtration rate used in clinical practice. In 105 cases, we performed 35 cases of normal kidney, 35 cases of early kidney disease, and 35 cases of terminal kidney. The brightness of the cortex of the image was obtained and the difference in brightness between the cortex and the proximal portion was obtained by the slope. The graph of the portion which was not smooth due to the ultrasonic characteristics was used as the function regrass. The size reduction was obtained from the original data. The results were as follows: It was proportional to the glomerular filtration rate. It is considered that the algorithm can be applied to the disease if the algorithm study continues.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.346-354
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• 1992

Cancer cells have several tumor-associated antigens on the cell surfaces, and antibodies against these antigens have been developed by many investigators. Radiolabeled antibodies have been used as new methods to diagnose and treat malignant tumors. Especially anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the most popular antibody for these purposes. In this investigation, we tried to label $^{131}I$ and $^{99m}Tc $ to anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies which were developed in the Seoul National University College of Medicine. We found CEA-79 and CEA-92 antibodies had the better immunological characteristics among 8 anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies. And radioiodination of CEA-79 could be performed by chloramine-T method, while radioiodination of CEA-92 by iodogen method. To label these antibodies with $^{99m}Tc $, we used pretargeting transchelation as direct labeling method. At first, $^{99m}Tc $ was bound to glucaric acid, and monoclonal antibody was reduced by $\beta-mercaptoethanol$. When these were incubated together. $^{99m}Tc $ bound to glucarate was switched to monoclonal antibody because of higher affinity. We established conditions of several steps in this method. Anti-CEA monoclonal antibodies labeled with $^{131}I$ and $^{99m}Tc $ are expected to be used valuably in the detection and treatment of malignant tumors.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1978

Listeria monocytogenes infection was considered a rather rare disease and occurs mostly either in newborn babies or in young children. However, there has been increasing reports of this infection in elderly person with various underlying disease. Recently we have experienced two cases of Listeria meningitis; one in a 4-year-old male with an acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and the other in a 43-year-old female with a breast cancer. Both were on various chemotherapeutic agents for their primary diseases when the organism, L. monocytogenes was found in their celebospinal fluid(CSF). The degree of CSF pleocytosis were quite different by cases. The former case showed a marked increase, $3,350/mm^3$, and the latter slight, $410/mm^3$, Both showed a slight decrease of CSF glucose ranging 39 to 43mg/100ml. It seems that a routine CSF analysis bears a limitted value in the diagnosis or Listeria meningitis. A direct smear of CSF with Gram's stain revealed gram-positive bacilli in one case, but none in the other. Bacterial culture of CSF yielded plenty colonies in one case, but a few in the other. It seems that isolation of L. monocytogenes must not be considered very easy, and a negative direct smear does not necessarily mean a negative culture. The two isolates we obtained showed the typical cultural and biochemical characteristics of L. monocytogenes and were found to belong to serotypes 1b and 4b. It was our experience that the identification of this organism was not very much matter because of its distinct characteristics, but the most important matter was how to think of the possibility of this organism at the begining. The two isolates were both susceptible to cephalothin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, tetracycline and gentamicin; intermediate to ampicillin, penicillin and kanamycin; and resistant to cloxacillin.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.407-412
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• 2012

Wild grass is edible, and it grows in the mountains or field areas. Wild grass has diverse biological effects, such as antiobesity, anti-cancer, antioxidant activities and immune stimulation. Currently, many studies are aimed at enhancing the efficacy of medicinal foods on biological activity using a bioconversion technology, including the fermentation process. In this study, the quality characteristics and antioxidative activity of the fermented wild grass was investigated. The antioxidant activity of fermented wild grass was assessed by various radical scavenging assays using DPPH(2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), FRAP(ferric ion reducing antioxidant power), reducing power, and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)). Moisture contents of the fermented wild grass is $49.6{\pm}0.06%$. Contents of crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat were $0.65{\pm}0.01$, $0.65{\pm}0.04$, and $3.3{\pm}0.59%$, respectively. Moreover, fermented wild grass showed that the hunter's color values were 80.36(lightnees), 11.47(redness), and 44.53(yellowness), respectively. Total phenolic contents of the fermented wild grass was $1,185{\pm}159{\mu}g$ GAE(gallic acid equivalent)/g. The antioxidative activities of the fermented wild grass were significantly increased in a dose dependent manner. In addition, fermented wild grass did not show any cytotoxicity up to 500 ${\mu}g/m{\ell}$. However, the anti-adipogenic effect of the fermented wild grass extract was barely detectable. This antioxidant potential is partly due to the phenolic compounds that are present in the fermented wild grass extracts.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.56-62
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• 2016

Background: The two most common skin cancers are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The purpose of this study was to describe the detailed clinical behavior of BCC and SCC in the head and neck region over 19 years at a single institution. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for all patients with non-melanoma skin cancer who had undergone surgical resection over an 18-year period. Patient charts were reviewed for demographic information, tumor size, onset-to-diagnosis, anatomic location, clinical subtype, histologic differentiation, method of surgical treatment, and recurrence. Results: The review identified 265 cases of either BCC or SCC in 226 patients. Of the 226 patients, 80 (35.4%) were men and 146 (64.6%) were women. BCC (n=138, 55.9%) was more frequent than SCC (109, 44.1%). The most frequent age group was 70-to-79 year olds (45 patients, 35.2%) for BCC and 80-to-89 year olds (41 patients, 41.8%) for SCC. By aesthetic units of the face, the most common location was the nasal unit (44 cases, 31.9%) for BCC and the buccal unit (23 cases, 21.1%) for SCC. The most common clinical subtype of BCC was the nodular type (80 cases, 58.0%). Local flaps were most commonly used to cover surgical defects (136 cases, 55.1%). Recurrent rates were 2.2% for BCC and 5.5% for SCC. Conclusion: In our study, many characteristics of BCC and SCC were compared to previously published reports were generally similar, except the ratio of BCC to SCC. Further study can help to establish the characteristics of BCC and SCC.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.741-745
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• 2005

Pectin was dissolved in HCl, citric acid, and deionized distilled water (DW, 2%, v/v) and irradiated at different irradiation doses (2.5-50 kGy) by gamma ray to investigate its physicochemical characteristics and biological activity. Viscosity of pectin solution was significantly decreased by irradiation up to 10 kGy, then remained constant thereafter. Gamma-irradiation increased monosaccharide and polysaccharide levels up to 30-40 kDa. Electron donating ability of pectin solution was highest when DW was added and was increased by increasing irradiation dose (p<0.05). ${\beta}-Carotene$ bleaching assay revealed irradiation resulted in development of antioxidantive activity in pectin solution. Growth inhibition of cancer cell lines was observed in irradiated pectin solution in dose-dependent manner, with G36l showing the highest. Results suggested irradiation of pectin solution could be effective for preparation of functional pectin oligomer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.229-238
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• 2021

The selective permeate transport characteristics of iodine ion at follicle cell membrane model in thyroid which irradiated by high energy x-ray(linac 6 MV) was investigated. The follicle cell membrane model used in this experiment was a polysulfonated copolymerized membrane of poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-acrylonitrile:VP-AN). The difference of membrane thickness [2 mole AN%(w/w)], fixed carrier concentration[VP-AN%(w/w)], OH- concentration were occurred at difference of I- concentration and quantity of thyroid hormone, respectively. The tensile strength in fixed carrier concentration[VP-AN% (w/w): 0-62 %] of irradiated membrane was found to be decreased about 1.2-1.8 times than non-irradiated membrane. The I- selective permeate initial flux with increase of membrane thickness [2mole AN%(w/w)], fixed carrier concentration[VP-AN%(w/ w)], OH- concentration in irradiated membrane were found to be decreased about 2.1-4.5 times, about 2.2-2.5 times, about 2.1-2.67 times than non-irradiated membrane, respectively. As a result, the quantity of thyroid hormone was decreased at irradiated membrane than non-irradiated membrane. The decrease of thyroid hormone was occurred at hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, thyroid cancer, and so on. As the thyroid hormone in cell membrane model were abnormal, cell damages were appeared at cell.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 2021

Objectives: Acute exposure to high concentrations of chemicals can occur when a chemical accident takes place. As such exposure can cause ongoing environmental pollution, such as in the soil and groundwater, there is a need for a tool that can assess health effects in the long term. The purpose of this study was assessing the health risks of residents living near a chemical accident site due to long-term exposure while considering the temporal concentration changes of the toxic chemicals leaked during the accident until their extinction in the environment using a multimedia environmental dynamics model. Methods: A health risk assessment was conducted on three cases of formaldehyde chemical accidents. In this study, health risk assessment was performed using a multimedia environmental dynamics model that considers the behavior of the atmosphere, soil, and water. In addition, the extinction period of formaldehyde in the environment was regarded as extinction in the environment when the concentration in the air and soil fell below the background concentration prior to the accident. The subjects of health risk assessment were classified into four groups according to age: 0-9 years old, 10-18 years old, 19-64 years old, and over 65 years old. Carcinogenic risk assessment by respiratory exposure and non-carcinogenic risk assessment by soil intake were conducted as well. Results: In the assessment of carcinogenic risk due to respiratory exposure, the excess carcinogenic risk did not exceed 1.0×10-6 in all three chemical accidents, so there was no health effect due to the formaldehyde chemical accident. As a result of the evaluation of non-carcinogenic risk due to soil intake, none of the three chemical accidents had a risk index of 1, so there was no health effect. For all three chemical accidents, the excess cancer risk and hazard index were the highest in the age group 0-9. Next, 10-18 years old, 65 years old or older, and 19-64 years old showed the highest risk. Conclusion: This study considers environmental changes after a chemical accident occurs and until the substance disappears from the environment. It also conducts a health risk assessment by reflecting the characteristics of the long-term persistence and concentration change over time. It is thought that it is of significance as a health risk assessment study reflecting the exposure characteristics of the accident substance for an actual chemical accident.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.29-44
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• 2021

Particulate matter(PM) is one of the leading causes of lung cancer. Recognizing its considerable risk to human health, people change their behaviors when a concentration level of PM is high. The impact of particulate matter on urban activities may vary depending on the lasting days of PM and PM matter alerts. In addition, the level of averting behavior may vary depending on the types and physical characteristics of urban activities and the degree of vulnerability to PM among people. Although the way people respond to PM may vary depending on these various factors, previous research evidence on this is very insufficient. Therefore, this study multilaterally analyzed the impact of PM on the urban activities in Jongno-gu, one of the CBD areas of Seoul. For this, we linked SKT's mobile phone signal data to land use data to extract the daily number of active people by urban activity types and ages. According to multiple regression analysis, the averting behavior varies depending on the type of urban activity, the physical characteristics of the place of activity(inside and outdoor), the lasting days of PM, PM alerts and the age of people. The results of this study can be used as basic data to policy makers who establish policies for adapting to air pollution policies by providing various effects of PM on the urban activities.