• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.5157-5163
• /
• 2013

The aim of the study was to evaluate of the knowledge, behavior and health beliefs of individuals over 50 regarding colorectal cancer screening, with a descriptive and cross-sectional design at Karabuk Life and Health Center in Turkey. A total of 160 people meeting set criteria were included in the study. The questionnaire consisted of two parts. The first part was composed of questions on characteristics of participants and the second part of questions derived from the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale. Only 15.0% of participants (n=24) had undergone a fecal occult blood test (FOBT), 11.3% (n=18) had had colonoscopy and 4.4% (n=7) had had sigmoidoscopy. Some 90.6% of the participants had low levels of risk awareness about the colorectal cancer. It was found that the average point of severity subscale of participants over 65 is higher than that of participants under 65 (p<0.05). In conclusion, because of the many barriers and health beliefs for the colorectal cancer screening program, the rate of participation in screening programs is not sufficient. Healthcare providers have important responsibilities for increasing rate of attendance in colorectal cancer screening programs.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.331-338
• /
• 2006

Objectives: The goal of this study is to measure women's willingness to pay for cancer screening and to identify those factors associated with this willingness to pay. Methods: A population-based telephone survey was performed on 1,562 women (aged 30 years or over) for 2 weeks (9-23th, July, 2004). Data about sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, the intention of the cancer screenings and willingness to pay for cancer screening were collected. 1,400 respondents were included in the analysis. The women's willingness to pay for cancer screening and the factors associated with this willingness to pay were evaluated. Results: The results show that 76% of all respondents have a willingness to pay for cancer screening. Among those who are willing to pay, the average and median amount of money for which the respondents are willing to pay are 126,636 (s.d.: 58,414) and 120,000 won, respectively. As the status of education & the income are higher, the average amount that women are willing to pay becomes much more. The amount of money women are willing to pay is the highest during the 'contemplation' stage. Being willing to payor not is associated with a change of behavior (transtheoretical model), the income, the concern about the cancer risk, the family cancer history, the marital status, the general health exam, age and the place of residence. Income is associated with a greater willingness to pay. Old age was associated with a lower willingness to pay. Conclusions: According to the two-part model, income and TTM are the most important variables associated with the willingness to pay for cancer screening. The cancer screening participation rate is low compared with the willingness to pay for cancer screening. It is thought that we have to consider the participants' behavior that's associated with cancer screening and their willingness to pay in order to organize and manage cancer screening program.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.119-127
• /
• 1991

This study was designed to observe the problems in performing the screening for early detection of lung cancer, and the degree to which regular radiographic and cytologic screening contributes to the early detection of lung cancer in asymptomatic volunteers. Through mass media campaign, 346 male volunteers had registered to receive radiographic and sputum cytologic screening every four months. Initial chest x-ray examination showed 83 cases of lesions suggesting tuberculosis. Among them, two cases were proved to be active tuberculosis. The rate of long-term follw-up over two years was about 15%. The screening tests detected two cases of lung cancer, one prevalent lung cancer by sputum cytologic examination, and the other by sputum cytologic examination during follow-up. So the prevalence rate of lung cancer was 0.28% and the incidence rate was 3.1/1,000 person·years. Both were localized lesions; ie, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage I and occult lung cancer, respectively. With these results, we suggest that the maintenance of long-term follow-up seems to be the most important problem to evaluate the effect of early detection of lung cancer. It would require thorough explanation of the risk of smoking in lung cancer and the wide public education on the government's base. It should be done at several hospitals simultaneously to include a large population in the study. Although we couldn't determine the effect of screening for the early detection of lung cancer in this report, new diagnostic procedure other than chest x-ray and sputum cytologic examination would be required, according to the literature, to reduce the mortality of lung cancer by the screening program for the early detection of lung cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.17 no.9
• /
• pp.4313-4318
• /
• 2016

Background: This study documented the performance of providers of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) at primary health centers, assessing their compliance with the VIA skills checklist and determinants of non-compliance, and exploring their perceptions of VIA training sessions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among VIA providers in the $Mekn\grave{e}s$-Tafilalet region of Morocco. Structured observation of their performance was conducted through supervisory visits and multiple focus group discussions (FGDs). Results: Performance of all the recommended steps for effective communication was observed in a low proportion of procedures (36.4%). Midwives/nurses had higher compliance than general practitioners (GPs) (p<0.001). All recommended steps for VIA examination were performed for a high proportion of procedures (82.5%). Compliance was higher among midwives/nurses than among GPs (p<0.001) and among providers in rural areas than those in urban areas (p<0.001). For pre-VIA counselling, all recommended steps were performed for only 36.8% of procedures. For post-VIA counseling, all recommended steps were performed in a high proportion (85.5% for VIA-negative and 85.1% for VIA-positive women). Midwives/nurses had higher compliance than GPs when advising VIA-positive women (p=0.009). All infection prevention practices were followed for only 14.2% of procedures, and compliance was higher among providers in rural areas than those in urban areas (p<0.001). Most FGD participants were satisfied with the content of VIA training sessions. However, they suggested periodic refresher training and supportive supervision. Conclusions: Quality assurance of a cervical cancer screening program is a key element to ensure that the providers perform VIA correctly and confidently.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.28 no.1 s.49
• /
• pp.225-243
• /
• 1995

Benzidine Industry in Korea has started after Japan has banned its production in early 1970's, and it has been in operation in Korea for over 20 years. However, it is not known yet whether any bladder cancer has developed from benzidine exposure. This study was done to screen benzidine-exposed workers for bladder cancer, and to examine the feasibility of employing screening test at the workplace. All the workplaces that manufacture or use benzidine for more than 20 years in Korea have been covered in this study, and they include 2 benzidine manufacturing factories, 5 benzidine using factories, as well as 2 benzidine free factories as an outside control. In total, 516 workers were screened with urine stick test and urine cytology test for the evidence of hematuria and abnormal urothelial cells. Each worker was also asked about risk factors and symptoms of bladder cancer including past medical history, smoking, medication and occupational history Benzidine in the air was measured by personal and area sampling. Out of 516 screened workers, 84(16.3%) workers showed positive hematuria in urine stick test, and 7(1.4%) workers showed degenerative cells in urine cytology tests. Those workers with abnormal urine test results who have been exposed to benzidine fo more than 10 years were further screened, and, in total, 23 workers were examined with intra-venous pyelography and cystoscopy. None of those screened had any evidence of bladder cancer When workers with only past hematuria history were included in the positive hematuria group, 96(18.5%) had positive hematuria. On the multiple logistic regression analysis, positive hematuria was significantly associated with benzidine exposure, history of other occupations with elevated bladder cancer risk, pyuria and glycosuria. The association got stronger as direct benzidine exposure was accounted through individual task analysis, and as exposure duration was accounted with tenure analysis. For those with benzidine exposure with more than 10 years of tenure, the odds of having positive hematuria was elevated 2.14(95%C.I is 1.08 to 4.25) times more than for those without exposure. Even though bladder cancer was not detected for several limitations including short observation period, majority of studied workers with short latency, healthy worker effect, and low sensitivity of single screening test in a cross-sectional study, the study results suggest that hematuria screening is a feasible and very useful test for bladder cancer screening among benzidine exposed workers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.19
• /
• pp.8499-8502
• /
• 2014

The incidence rate of breast cancer in developed countries is almost three-fold higher than in developing countries. Iran has had one of the lowest incidence rates for breast cancer in the world, but during the recent decades a marked increase has been seen. The purpose of this study was to investigate some established risk factors of breast cancer in Iranian women. A study of 11,850 women participating in abreast screening program was conducted. The 197 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 11,653 healthy women were compared. Logistic regression was performed to investigate associations of reproductive and anthropometric factors with breast cancer risk. Family history of breast cancer (OR=1.94, 95%CI=1.35-2.78), occupation (OR= 1.65,95%CI=1.20-2.25), education level (OR=0.50,95%CI=0.28-0.91), parity (OR=0.27, 95%CI=0.12-0.59), menopausal status (OR=3.15, 95%CI=2.35-4.21), age at menarche (OR=0.33, 95%CI=0.15-0.70), and age at the first pregnancy (OR=4.10, 95%CI=1.13-14.77) were related to the risk of breast cancer. Decrease in parity may to some extent explain the rising trend of incidence of breast cancer incidence in Iranian women.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.10 no.5
• /
• pp.42-50
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine cervical cancer screening status of nursing students and to examine the effects of their knowledge, preventive behavioral intention on cervical cancer screening. This study targeted 192 nursing students from three universities in G. J City. The data were analyzed through frequency analysis, t-test, χ²-test, and logistic regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. The factors influencing on the cervical cancer screening among nursing students were age, sexual experience, and preventive behavioral intention. In order to improve the cervical cancer screening rate, healthcare professionals must develop phased and sustainable education programs that enhance the intention for cervical cancer screening in schools and medical institutions for students to be provided from school-age years, which is a pre-sexually active period, to college years.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.1791-1796
• /
• 2014

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death among Vietnamese Americans, yet screening remains underutilized. We investigated the effectiveness of a culturally tailored DVD intervention in promoting CRC screening among unscreened Vietnamese Americans age 50 and over. Materials and Methods: Using a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted a trial comparing twenty-eight subjects who received a mailed DVD in Vietnamese, with twenty-eight subjects who received a mailed brochure in Vietnamese. Subjects completed telephone surveys at baseline, One-month, and one-year. The primary outcome was receipt of screening. Secondary measures were participants' knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about CRC screening. Two focus groups explored the intervention's acceptability and effectiveness. Results: At one year, CRC screening rates of 57.1% and 42.9% were observed in experimental and control group respectively (p=0.42), Subjects in both groups showed increased knowledge about CRC after one month. Focus group findings revealed that the DVD was an effective method of communicating information and would help promote screening. Conclusions: The findings suggest that culturally tailored, linguistically appropriate content is more important than the type of media used. This relatively low intensity, low cost intervention utilizing a DVD can be another useful method for outreach to the often hard-to-reach unscreened population.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2001

Background and Objectives： Total laryngectomy is often required for advanced cases. But this operation induced the many inconvenience of basic daily life. Early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer is very important to prevent from this disastrous condition. In this point of view, mass screening test for early detection of laryngeal cancer is necessary. Screening test using voice has many advantages such as simple, less interventional. Voice collection by Automatic Response System(ARS) is comfortable and easy to got acoustic sample. Thus author tried to got the acoustic parameters which can differentiate normal, benign. and malignant laryngeal diseases and also checked the availability of parameters on neural network system. Materials and Methods: Author has evaluated the voice from 17 laryngeal cancer patients and 45 benign laryngeal disease patients who visited at Department of Otolaryngology, Pusan National University Hospital from May 1998 to April 2001, and 15 normal control. Author chose the sir Parameters (Jitt. vFo, Shim, vAm, NHR, SPI) that was thought to be related with voice collected by ARS among thirty-three parameters analysed by a Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP). Two-step neural network was used for the availability of six parameters. Results: The detection rate of normal voice by ARS voice analysis is 78.5% and detection rate of abnormal voice was 97.1 o/o. Among abnormal voice, the detection rate of benign laryngeal diseases and laryngeal cancers were 82.4 o/o, 70.6% respectively. Conclusion: Author concluded that six parameters and Matlab based neural network software may be effective in development of acoustic screening system for laryngeal cancer and further study should be necessary for development of new acoustic parameters.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.405-415
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the factors of health beliefs, cultural barriers, and intentions of cervical cancer screening behaviors in married immigrant women and provide information for the development of intervention programs. Methods: The subjects were 207 married immigrant women living D and S cities, and G and Y counties. The data were collected from April to June 2019, using a self-report structured questionnaire that was translated into English, Chinese, Vietnamese, and Korean, and analyzed by the SPSS/WIN 24.0 program. Results: As a result of this study, it was found that the intention of cervical cancer screening for married immigrant women were high when they had a job (β=-.17, p=.014), experience of Pap testing within the past year (β=-.28, p<.001), experience of cervical cancer prevention education (β=-.18, p=.008), and a higher perceived sensitivity (β=.18, p=.016). All of these variables together explained 22% of the intention of cervical cancer screening behaviors in immigrant women married to Korean men. Conclusion: In order to increase the cervical cancer screening behaviors in married immigrant women, intervention strategies to increase perceived susceptibility and decrease cultural barriers for immigrant women should be developed.