• Architectural research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2006

Campus core is an essential element in a university's physical environment for symbolic importance of high educational philosophy as well as hierarchical significance of campus structure. Yet, as modern expansion develops into and out of campus core, a challenging design and planning problem for a growing university is how to integrate a new development into the existing core structure and how to expand the fast-growing development beyond the core while maintaining a symbiotic harmony between the campus core and the modern expansion. Such challenge addresses four design frameworks for symbiotic development of the campus core and the modern expansion: (1) building grouping with territorial proximity; (2) building design rules for form and texture; (3) open space network with pedestrian walkway; (4) use-programming for on-campus student community. This study aims to explore these issues with in-depth case study of the Princeton University campus in Princeton, New Jersey in the United States. The study concludes that the Princeton campus is a result from successful synthesis of all the complex design elements, especially in relationship between the old and the new; and adds further that the development of a modern university campus requires a comprehensive plan that takes into account the older buildings when conceiving the new in symbiotic relationship along with open space network as well as functional program distribution.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.957-979
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• 2015

The present paper investigates the influence of the orientation of the ground-motion reference axes, the seismic incident angle and the seismic intensity level on the inelastic response of asymmetric reinforced concrete buildings. A single storey asymmetric building is analyzed by nonlinear dynamic analyses under twenty bi-directional ground motions. The analyses are performed for many angles of incidence and four seismic intensity levels. Moreover three different pairs of the horizontal accelerograms corresponding to the input seismic motion are considered: a) the recorded accelerograms, b) the corresponding uncorrelated accelerograms, and c) the completely correlated accelerograms. The nonlinear response is evaluated by the overall structural damage index. The results of this study demonstrate that the inelastic seismic response depends on the orientation of the ground-motion reference axes, since the three individual pairs of accelerograms corresponding to the same ground motion (recorded, uncorrelated and completely correlated) can cause different structural damage level for the same incident angle. Furthermore, the use of the recorded accelerograms as seismic input does not always lead to the critical case of study. It is also shown that there is not a particular seismic incident angle or range of angles that leads to the maximum values of damage index regardless of the seismic intensity level or the ground-motion reference axes.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제67권3호
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• pp.233-244
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• 2018

This study aims at evaluating the performance of repairing technique with CFRPs in recovering cyclic performance of damaged columns in flexure in terms of structural response parameters such as strength, dissipated energy, stiffness degradation. A 2/3 scaled substandard reinforced concrete frame was constructed to represent the substandard RC buildings especially in developing countries. These substandard buildings have several structural deficiencies such as strong beam-weak column phenomenon, improper reinforcement detailing and poor material properties. Flexural plastic hinges occurred at the columns ends after testing the substandard specimen under both constant axial load and reversed cyclic lateral loading. Afterwards, the damaged columns were externally wrapped with CFRP sheets both in transverse and longitudinal directions and then retested under the same loading protocol. In addition, ambient vibration measurements were taken from the undamaged, damaged and the repaired specimens at each structural repair steps to identify the effectiveness of each repairing step by monitoring the change in the natural frequencies of the tested specimen. The ambient vibration test results showed that the applied repairing technique with external CFRP wrapping was proved to recover stiffness of the pre-damaged specimen. Moreover, the lateral load capacity of the pre-damaged substandard RC frame was restored with externally bonded CFRP sheets.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.127-136
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• 2016

As the great urban migration continues to drive the growth of cities worldwide, global companies are seeking new approaches to the urban workplace and corporate campus. In light of environmental and economic imperatives to develop taller and denser central business districts, a key challenge is merging contemporary workplace concepts, which emphasize large, open floors and high levels of connectivity, with high-rise typologies with smaller floor plates set around center cores. This paper traces the evolution of the corporate campus and emerging design strategies for translating contemporary workplace models into a vertical campus typology that allows companies to realize the benefits of urban locations, while contributing to a more sustainable future.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2013

For the past seven years, the increase in the energy consumption of universities in Korea has been 3.7 times higher than the overall increase in the energy consumption across Korea (22.5%). This is an example that shows that universities have been a massive source of greenhouse gases. Such an increase has been attributed to the new and expanded construction of architectural structures on campus. Many people argue that the increasing number of buildings may cause waste of energy and loss of efficiency. Therefore, this study was conducted as a preliminary study to derive energy efficiency measures for new university buildings. The two aspects of energy-saving as required by the eco-friendly structure certification standards have been applied to analyze the use of new/renewable energy and the energy consumption of new university buildings that have applied light density and light engineering methods. Based on these results, the major sources of energy of existing buildings and new university buildings were compared to comparatively discuss how effectively they improve energy performance.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

In response to climate change under a university level, this study has intended to find carbon-neutral campus development measures for Chungbuk National University (CBNU), which is composed of such facilities as education, research, and residential buildings. To reach this goal, we reviewed related literatures to find development measures for carbon neutral campus, employed a survey method asking students to show their preference and suitability toward provided measures, and statistical analyses to find appropriate measures using factor analysis. We have found the following results. First, based on literature review, we have identified several concepts regarding carbon-neutral city and has found the elements of carbon-neutral campus development. Second, we have drawn carbon-neutral campus development measures of CBNU through factor analysis. Finally, based on the characteristics and the present carbon-neutral campus conditions of the CBNU, we presented development measures.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.255-266
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• 2003

본 연구는 환경디자인을 통한 대학 캠퍼스의 정체성과 이미지 확립에 바람직한 도움이 되고자 캠퍼스 내의 건축물을 대상으로 하는 색채 사용 기준을 제시하였다. 특히 오랜 역사와 고유의 학풍을 지닌 Y-대학교 S-캠퍼스를 대상으로 향후 건축물조성에 사용할 수 있는 색채 팔레트를 제시함으로써, 전통과 현대의 조화를 통해 다가올 미래의 변화를 수용할 수 있으며, 대학의 특성화 및 차별화 된 환경 디자인의 한 기준을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 연구의 진행은 기초조사, 본 조사, 분석 및 색채 팔레트 제안으로 이루어지는데, 기초조사 단계에서는 문헌을 통해 대학교의 역사와 교육 이념 등의 대학교 이미지를 형용사어를 중심으로 조사하였다. 본 조사에서는 다양한 건축 외장재를 수집하여 측색하고, 현재 캠퍼스 내의 건축물 색채 및 사계절에 해당하는 자연 색채를 계절별로 실측 조사하였다. 이 때에는 측색기와 NCS 표준 색채, 디지털 카메라 등이 보조 수단으로 사용되었다. 분석 단계에서는 위에서 수집된 자료들을 바탕으로 Y 캠퍼스의 지향 이미지 색채를 설정하고, 현재 건축물 색채와 자연 색채와의 조화를 고려한 배색 팔레트를 최종 제시하였다. 이를 바탕으로 설정한 최종 대표 색으로 주조 색은 중 명도/중 채도의 화강암을 주재료로 하는 YR 계열 및 무채색에 해당하는 색을 선정하였고, 보조 색은 고 채도와 어둡고 무거운 색을 제외한 P, Lgr, Dl, Dp에 해당하는 주조 색과 비슷하거나 약간 어두운 중 명도, 중 채도에 해당하는 색들을 지정하였다. 마지막으로 강조 색은 한국인 단색감성척도를 사용하여 추출한 Y 대학교가 지향하는 이미지 색채와 캠퍼스의 자연 색을 함께 사용하기로 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻을 수 있는 결과물은 자연 색 체계(NCS System)에 기초하고 색채 조화 원리에 의거한 Y 캠퍼스의 지향 이미지 색채를 설정하고, 현재 건축물 색채 및 자연 색채와의 조화를 고려한 배색 팔레트이다. 또한 건축물, 자연 색, Y대학교 지향 이미지를 바탕으로 향후 종합적인 색채 계획에 필요한 색채 팔레트 메뉴얼 제안이 이루어 질 수 있고, 최종적으로 Y 대학교 캠퍼스 이미지 통합을 위한 연구의 보조적 자료로서의 색채 팔레트 제안이 이루어 질 수 있을 것이다.

• 교육녹색환경연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

This study evaluates the relationship among the evaluation structure of morphological elements, the satisfaction on exterior elements, and the image evaluation for the campus landmarks by campus type. The investigation results are summarized as follows. 1) The university headquarter was nominated as the university landmark, and the main reason for the nomination was the building's historic and locational value. 2) Of the morphological elements of the campus landmark, 'proportion and balance' and 'harmony and order' were deemed important, while 'diversity' was deemed less important. 3) For the satisfaction on the facility's exterior elements, the evaluation structure was different for each university. However, the factor of 'location of the facility' was deemed the biggest factor for satisfaction for all universities, while the facility's 'color and material' were found to be the most dissatisfying factors. 4) The image evaluation on the facility was different for each university. Although there was a strong skeptical image about 'liveliness', there was a very positive image about 'elegance' and 'scale'. 5) On the relationship between the satisfaction on exterior elements and the image evaluation, there was a different evaluation structure for each university. 'Facility's color and exterior material' were the main elements which improved the overall image of the facility. Thus, the study results strongly suggest that an important task is to determine the maintenance direction through the emphasis on the relationship between exterior elements and image satisfaction for each university.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2017

This study was aimed to assess accessibility situation of pedestrian environment of University-C focusing on accessibility of manual wheelchair users and to develop accessibility campus map. During March and April 2016, barrierfree design application situation of pedestrian environment and building entrances were investigated using a structured checklist and a digital distance and slope meter. Major findings are as follow. (1) Except one case, widths of all pedestrian routes (both sidewalk and non-sidewalk routes) exceeded 2 meters. (2) As for sidewalk and driveway contact point condition, there were many spots lacking curb ramp or alterative ramp that are accessible for manual wheelchair users. (3) More than half of non-sidewalk pedestrian routes did not have bollard to separate pedestrian and vehicle flows, and more than 92% of the bollards installed were too close for wheelchair users to pass or too far to prevent vehicle access. (4) More than 59 percent of the building entrances were found impossible for manual wheelchair users to access without any assistance, and one third of the buildings did not have any single accessible entrance. Based on the study findings, campus accessibility map was developed by the researchers and disseminated through university homepage. Using the campus accessibility map, users can plan their accessible paths ahead the trip.

• Journal of East-Asian Urban History
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• 제1권
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• pp.135-154
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• 2019

This paper reveals the influence of urban and social contexts on the early building layout of Japan Women's College (JWC), one of the first women's colleges in Japan. According to the unpublished plans, the main building and other major structures, at the first stage, formed a three-sided quadrangle with site-wide organization, which was similar to contemporary National colleges. This impressive design, however, disappeared in the final plan. Although the school is the largest in student number and in campus ground size compared to other contemporary private colleges at its establishment, the subdivided land acquired in the private land market forced JWC to give up the organic composition of buildings. Under the framework of donation-based finance, it needed to start construction quickly for further support from the public, which prevented the school from acquiring enough time to adjust land ownership. These constitute the major differences with national schools. The founder's emphasis on the physical exercises, which reflected the public interest in physical strength of mothers in the time of wars, gave preference to securing sufficient open space over the order of buildings.