• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.315-332
• /
• 2008

To elucidate the distribution of broad-leaved evergreen plants of the central part of the Yellow Sea, we surveyed 136 islands of Incheon from May 2006 to March 2008. In the present survey, twelve broad-leaved evergreen species were found on 77 islands, which included 28 inhabited and 49 uninhabited islands. Among them, the most popular plants were the following: Euonymus japonicus Thunb., Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb., Camellia japonica L., and Cyrtomium falcatum (L.f.) C. Presl. These plants were found growing on Baengnyeong Island, the northmost island among those surveyed, near $N 37^{\circ}60^{\prime}$. On the other hand the following four species are found up to Deokjeok-myeon only, near N $N 37^{\circ}10^{\prime}$: Hedera rhombea (Miq.) Bean,, Quercus acuta Thunb. ex Murray for. acuta, Neolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz., and Trachelospermum asiaticum (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai. However, these plants are usually found growing in the southern or southwestern coastal region of the Korean Peninsula. Thus the distribution of the broad-leaved evergreen plants growing on these high latitude islands might be influenced by a warm current of the Yellow Sea. The distribution of broad-leaved evergreen plants on each island is described.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.258-266
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the actual conditions, to find problems, and to present an improvement plan of interior landscape in the subway stationis. Moreoiver, it will presume the possibilties to develop the subway and ways to utilie underground space effectively. The results are summarized as follows A light intensity was recorded 0-100 Lux as the lowest light and 500 Lux below as the highest in 61 subway stations. An average temperature of 12 $^{\circ}C$and an air humidity of 38% were recorded over a 4 month period from January to April, but includes a drastic variaton between -8.5$^{\circ}C$ and 21.5$^{\circ}C$. Soil acidity of pH 7 below and soil moisture of 1-2 wet degree were apeared in subway stations mostly. Plant forms consisted of artificial flower & flower. Plant species were recorded at a total of 54 species and appeared in the order of Araucaria heteropylla, Ophiophogon jaburan, Aspidistra elatior cv. 'Asahi' and Hedera helix. Plant height was, for the most part, below 0.5m. Plant species that was fined of conditions were Palm, Camellia japonica, Araucaria heterophylla as a high plant, dracaena fragrans, dracaena deremensis cv. Wakneckii as a middle plant, and Ophiopogon jaburan, Hedra helix, ytomium falcatum, Aspidistra elatior cv. Asahi as a low plant. It used to water materials such as small pool, small cascade, water cycles and natural materials such as natural rock, small rock, sand, bark and animal materials such as squirrels, birds, goldfish as an object for plants in the subway stations. From these actual conditions, First of all, It must make up physical environments such as light, temperature humidity, soil for plant growth, and is important to chooce suitable indoor plants and draw up systematic management in the subway environments. Also, it change plants frequently and uses variable objects for subway stationi individuatism, Moreover, indoor plants with strong environmental adaptation abities such as shade tolerance, drought tolerance and cold tolerance need to develope variable species possibly. If these improvements occur, utilization and amenity of subway stationis will increase, according to the use of interior landscape.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.414-420
• /
• 2015

Antifungal activities of crude extractum of Nanshancha Seed Cake (NSC), to inactivate postharvest pathogens were investigated. Highest inhibitory rate was found against C. musae, C. gloeosporioides and C. papaya P.Henn, which was much stronger than that by tea saponin. Compared to tea saponin, effects of NSC extractum was relatively weak and similar on C. gloeosporioides Penzig and P. italicum. In an in vivo study, best controlling effects by NSC extractum was found with banana anthracnose disease development, which showed no inhibitory effects by tea saponin. NSC extractum controlled in vitro C. musae growth through directly inhibiting germination rate and germ tube elongation, and causing distortation, rupture and indentation of C. musae mycelium. In banana fruit subject to C. musae inoculation, higher PAL, POD, GLU and CHT activity was observed in banana fruit treated with crude NSC extractum than that of water control fruits. Current study proved the best controlling effects of crude NSC extractum in C. musae in vitro and in vivo development, which through direct inhibition of C. musae growth and increasing defense system of the banana fruit.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.47 no.1
• /
• pp.90-99
• /
• 2020

This study aimed to screen for plants with antimicrobial potential among the evergreen woody species of South Korea that are used for horticulture and landscaping and to provide basic information about plants with proven antimicrobial activity to underpin future research. The plant materials were extracted under various conditions, and the antimicrobial activities of the extracts were evaluated by agar diffusion assay. The screening tests demonstrated that the crude extracts of 43 species had inhibitory effects against S. aureus. The inhibitory activities of four species (Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Camellia japonica, Cleyera japonica, and Quercus salicina) were relatively higher than that of the synthetic antimicrobial agents methylparaben and phenoxyethanol. The highest inhibitory activity was observed with the leaf extracts (extracted with methanol for 30 minutes) of E. sylvestris, based on induction of the largest inhibition zone of 23.3 mm in size. In addition, solvent fractions of E. sylvestris were evaluated. The largest inhibitory zone of 23.1 mm was observed for the n-butanol fraction, which is likely to contain effective compounds that exhibit inhibitory activity against S. aureus. In contrast, n-hexane and residual aqueous fractions showed no antimicrobial activity. Overall, our findings confirm that evergreen woody plants native to South Korea have potential antimicrobial activity.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.19 no.spc
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2011

This study was performed to analyze the improvement of soil physical property and soil biota characteristics through cultivation of green manure crops for a one-year period before creation of a tea plantation as follows. The study revealed that the contents of available phosphate tended to decrease after sod-culture by green manure cultivation and open-pollination, when compared to the level before cultivation. The ratio soil porosity increased by approximately 30% when Crotalaria juncea and Sorghum bicolar L. Moench were cultivated, while the soil bacteria and fungi also increased. In a research on microfauna using a pit fall trap, the population number of the microfauna was 174 of 27 species in the plot of open-pollinated sod-culture and no organic matter application, and 268 of 26 species in the plot of Sorghum bicolar L. Moench. Consequently, the culturing tool of Crotalaria juncea recorded the highest level of species diversity at 2.5, the evenness index at 3.7 and richness at 4.6, with the lowest level of a dominance index. The ecological quotient of microfauna was 0.76 in the plot of Sorghum bicolar L. Moench, and 0.63 in the plot of Crotalaria juncea.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 2010

Vegetation structure and soil condition were analyzed to provide information for effective management of Acer okamotoanum community. Importance value of A. okamotoanum in upper layer was highest as 120.7, and that of Camellia japonica in middle and lower layer was highest as 61.8 and 15.7, while those of A. okamotoanum were 37.5 and 2.6, respectively. Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia which was designated as vulnerable species by Korea National Arboretum began its existence in lower layer. Species diversity and evenness were 0.674 and 0.706 in upper layer, 0.947 and 0.805 in middle layer, and 1.312 and 0.938 in lower layer, respectively. Soil pH of A. okamotoanum community was 5.79. The contents of organic matter, total N, and available $P_2O_5$ were 7.2%, 0.33%, and 51.1ppm, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.345-352
• /
• 1998

A Korean endemic and evergreen small tree ' Dendropanax morbifera $L_{EV}$.(Araliaceae)' is a component of evergreen forest and mainly idstributein sourthern region and islands in Korea. A local population of D. morbifera which is located between evergreen and deciduous forest within 50m x 50m quadrate was investigated to ascertain the change of population structure, emergence and growth dynamics of seedlings and saplings, and pattern of spatial distribution by the temproal and spatial expansion of population . The result of analysis of population structure by Importnace Value(IV), evergreen forest showed a high species diversity of evergreen tree species such as Cinnamomum japonicum, Machilus japonica, Neolitsea serica, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Ligustrum japonicum, and etc, in middle and under story than in upper story where Camelia japonica and Quercus acuta were dominant. And in conterminous deciduous fores, the major component of evergreen forest in this region, Camellia japonica, Quercus acuta, evergreen tree of Lauraceae and etc. were abundant in only under story. IV of D. morbifera differed from among three story. In comparative analysis of emergence and growth dynamics of D. morbifera seedlings and saplings between evergreen and deciduous forest, emergece and density of seedlings were significantly greater in evergreen than in deciduous forest, and growth of height and basal diameter of seedlings and saplings were slightly larger in evergreen than in deciduous forest. The spatial distribution patterns by Moristia's index mapping of indivuduals using a lattice method of XY axis within this population showed that seedlings(age up to 2 years) and saplings (age>2 years and height<1m) both evergreen and deciduous forest were more or less aggregated apart from mature trees, and thougth intermediate trees(height>1m and dbh<10cm) had a aggregated distribution pattern, mature trees(dbh>10cm were uniform. In conclusion , the expansion of D. morbfera population from evergreen to deciduous forest accompanied with a mumber of evergreen woody species, and also, emergence and recruitment, and growth of seedlings were greatly influenced moisture and canopy by around community structure.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.248-256
• /
• 2004

Dendropanax morbifera Lev.(Araliaceae), Korean endemic and evergreen small tree is a component of evergreen forest and mainly distributed in sourthern region and islands in Korea. The ecological characteristics of 4 natural stands of D. morbifera.(Sundol, Suak, Hannam, and Sangho populations in Cheju island) were studied. In most of the D. morbifera natural stands, the following tree species appeared predominantly: Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii, Carpinus laxiflora, D. morbifera, Quercus glauca, Quercus myrsinaefolia, Camellia japonica, and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum. Two tree species, such as C. cuspidata var. sieboldii and C. laxiflora appeared in the all investigated stands. D. morbifera occupied 17.2% of the upper story, 12.9% of the middle story, and 10.3% of the lower story, respectively. The distribution patterns by Morisita' s Index showed that D. morbifera was distributed randomly in the three stories. The frequency distribution of DBH D. morbifera species showed reverse J-shaped, therefore it seems to remain as a dominant species.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2019.04a
• /
• pp.46-46
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 대한민국 안면도 식재의 동백나무 열매를 연차별로 수집하여 크기 범위의 형질특성을 비교하였다. 열매 길이는 24.1~36.0mm가 74.97%를 차지하였으며, 27.1~30.0mm가 23.47%로서 가장 높은 분포 비율을 나타내었다. 연도별 열매 길이는 2015년과 2017년이 각각 27.1~30.0mm, 2016년이 30.1~33.0mm에서 가장 길었다. 열매 너비 (폭)는 27.1~39.0mm가 74.36%를 차지하였으며, 33.1~36.0mm가 22.90%로서 가장 높은 분포 비율을 나타내었다. 연도별 열매 너비는 2015년과 2016년이 각각 33.1~36.0mm, 2017년이 30.1~33.0mm에서 가장 넓었다. 열매 장폭비는 0.81~1.00%가 64.77%를 차지하였으며, 0.81~0.90%가 33.27%로서 가장 높은 분포 비율을 나타내었다. 연도별 열매 장폭비는 2015년, 2016년, 2017년 모두 0.81~0.90%에서 가장 높았다 따라서 열매는 길이보다 너비 (폭)가 약간 넓은 둥근 모양을 나타내었다. 열매 무게는 5.1~25.0g이 78.31%를 차지하였으며, 15.1~20.0g이 25.37%로서 가장 높은 분포 비율을 나타내었다. 연도별 열매 무게는 2015년, 2016년, 2017년 모두 15.1~20.0g에서 가장 무거웠다. 그리고 열매 형질 사이의 상관관계를 보면 연차별 모두 열매의 너비 (폭)는 길이, 무게와 정의 유의한 상관이 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.328-335
• /
• 2018

'EGCG(epigallocatechin gallate) rich Green Tea extract(EGTE)' was prepared by a convenient chromatographical manner using water and alcohol which was regarded as the most suitable and appropriate process for food manufacturing. The EGCG content in EGTE was estimated above 97%. Analysis of polyphenol components in green tea, i.e., catechin(C), epigallocatechin(EGC), epicatechin(EC), epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG), epicatechin gallate(ECG) and caffeine was performed by HPLC. The optimized HPLC method exhibited a good linearity of calibration curve, accuracy and precision. The long-term stability evaluation of EGTE was carried out with a powdered formulation and solution formulation by estimating the color change and measuring the EGCG content by HPLC analysis for one year. The EGCG content of the powdered EGTE stored in a transparent bottle at room temperature was retained over 97% at the end of the experimental period. The EGCG content of 0.1% water solution of EGTE stored in a transparent bottle at RT were observed to decrease below 30%, whereas that stored at $2^{\circ}C$ retained over 70%, respectively. These results suggested that a powdered formulation could be recommended for the commercialized nutraceutical product of EGTE rather than a solution formulation.