• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제4권5호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2010

This study examines the combined effects of caloric restriction on body composition, blood lipid, and satiety in slightly overweight women by varying food density and aerobic exercise. Twenty-three women were randomly assigned to one of two groups for a four-week weight management program: the high-energy density diet plus exercise (HDE: n = 12, $22{\pm}2$ yrs, $65{\pm}7$ kg, $164{\pm}5$ cm, $35{\pm}4%$ fat) and low-energy density diet plus exercise (LDE: n = 11, $22{\pm}1$ yrs, $67{\pm}7$ kg, $161{\pm}2$ cm, $35{\pm}4%$ fat) groups. Subjects maintained a low-calorie diet (1,500 kcal/day) during the program. Isocaloric ($483{\pm}26$ for HDE, $487{\pm}27$ kcal for LDE) but different weight ($365{\pm}68$ for HDE, $814{\pm}202$ g for LDE) of lunch was provided. After lunch, they biked at 60% of maximum capacity for 40 minutes, five times per week. The hunger level was scaled (1: extremely hungry; 9: extremely full) at 17:30 each day. Before and after the program, the subjects' physical characteristics were measured, and fasting blood samples were drawn. The daily energy intake was $1,551{\pm}259$ for HDE and $1,404{\pm}150$ kcal for LDE (P > 0.05). After four weeks, the subjects' weights and % fat decreased for both LDE (-1.9 kg and -1.5%, P < 0.05) and HDE (-1.6 kg and -1.4%, respectively, P < 0.05). The hunger level was significantly higher for HDE ($2.46{\pm}0.28$) than for LDE ($3.10{\pm}0.26$) (P < 0.05). The results suggest that a low-energy density diet is more likely to be tolerated than a high-energy density diet for a weight management program combining a low-calorie diet and exercise, mainly because of a reduced hunger sensation.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2015

본 연구는 비만 여성을 대상으로 1일 300~400 kcal의 섭취 열량을 제한하는 프로그램(대조군)과, 열량의 제한은 없이 음양 체질에 따라 식품의 종류를 선택하는 프로그램(실험군)을 8주간 실시하여 체중 감량 효과를 비교하였고, 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 대조군과 실험군 모두 체중감량 프로그램 참여 후 유의적인 체중 변화가 있었으며, 대조군은 평균 1.1 kg, 실험군은 2.8 kg의 체중이 감량되었고, 실험군 내에서는 음체질이 3.3 kg, 양체질이 2.3 kg 감량을 보였다. 프로그램 참여 후 대조군과 실험군 모두 체지방, 체질량지수, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레가, 실험군은 체지방, 체질량지수, 가슴둘레, 허리둘레, 엉덩이둘레가 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 실험군이 대조군에 비해 감소폭이 더 큰 경향을 보였다. 2. 대조군의 경우, 1일 섭취 열량이 프로그램 실시 전 2,061.0 kcal에서 실시 후 1,588.4 kcal로 약 17%가 감소하였다. 반면, 실험군은 프로그램 실시 전 1,679.6 kcal 에서 체중감량 프로그램 실시 후 1,810.6 kcal로 약 7% 증가하는 상반된 결과가 나타났다. 영양소 섭취 상태를 살펴보면 대조군은 체중 감량 프로그램 실시 후 지방과 단백질, 당질, 나트륨, 콜레스테롤, 나이아신, 비타민 $B_1$, 아연, 인, 칼슘의 섭취가 각각 유의적으로 감소하였다. 실험군은 탄수화물과 식이섬유, 칼슘, 인, 철분, 비타민 A, 비타민 $B_2$, 비타민 C의 섭취량이 유의하게 증가하였다. 3. 대조군과 실험군 모두 프로그램 실시 전 음양 식품의 섭취빈도에 차이가 없었으나, 프로그램 실시 후 실험군에서 양체질인은 음성식품을, 음체질인은 양성식품을 섭취하는 빈도가 유의하게 증가하였다. 4. 프로그램 실시 후 대조군은 헤모글로빈 수치가 유의적으로 감소하였으나, 실험군은 헤모글로빈 수치가 유의적으로 증가하였고, 혈당, 혈중 총 콜레스테롤과 중성지방이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이상과 같이 본 연구에서는 체질식이를 섭취한 경우, 체중감소가 더 효과적으로 나타나고, 영양소 섭취상태도 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 앞으로 식습관과 질병의 연관성 및 질병에 따른 체질식품의 효과 유무에 대해 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2001년도 Proceedings of International Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea
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• pp.213.2-214
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• 2001

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.113-124
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• 2009

Aging is a multifaceted biological process that affects all organs and organ systems of the body. This review provides an up-to-date analysis of this highly exciting, rapidly changing field of science. The aging process is largely under genetic control but is highly responsive to diverse environmental influences. The genes that control aging are those that are involved with cell maintenance, cell damage and repair. The environmental factors that accelerate aging are those that influence either damage of cellular macromolecules, or interfere with their repair. Prominent among these are chronic inflammation, chronic infection, some metallic chemicals, ultraviolet light, and others that heighten oxidative stress. Other environment factors slow the aging process. Included among these agents are resveratrol and vitamin D. In addition, dietary restriction and exercise have been found to extend human lifespan. The various mechanisms whereby all these agents exert their influence on aging include epigenetic modification, chromatin maintenance, protection of telomeres, and anti-oxidant defense, among others. The complex process of aging remains under continued, intense investigation.

• 지질동맥경화학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Vascular dementia is the most common neuropsychiatric syndrome and is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cognitive dysfunction. Vascular dementia is associated with various environmental, genetic, and lifestyle risk factors. Recent research has focused on the association between vascular dementia and dietary patterns, suggesting that dietary regulation leads to better control of energy metabolism, improvements in brain insulin resistance, and the suppression of neuroinflammation. Intermittent fasting is a calorie-restriction method known to be more effective in promoting fat loss and regulating the impairment of glucose metabolism as compared with other dietary restriction regimens. Herein, the authors review the effects of intermittent fasting with regard to vascular dementia based on recent evidence and propose that intermittent fasting could be a therapeutic approach for ameliorating vascular dementia pathology and preventing its onset.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.23-36
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• 1973

This study was designed to compare the effect of dietary intakes on different quality protein & levels of caloric consumption supplemented by sugar at the level of 26% of total caloric intakes. 30 males and same number of females of Albino rats, aged 30-40 days were devided into following six groups, 5 rats each. ACO Group: Ad libitum, Casein, no sugar group ACS Group: Ad libitum, Casein, 26% sugar supplemented group RBO Group: 50% restriction,Bean, no sugar group RBS Group: 50% restriction, Bean, 26% sugar supplemented group RAO Group: 50% restriction, Anchovy, no sugar group RAS Group: 50% restriction, Anchovy, 26% sugar supplemented group The rats were kept in individual cage and given 6 different diet for 12 weeks. The result of this study were elucidated as follow. Body weight gained and organ weight showed no significant differences between sugar supplemented group and the others. It was noteworthy that the shrinkage of female sex organ supplemented by sugar in the diet showed lower degree than that of compared groups in this study. In other word, degree of shrinkage due to protein-caloric restriction was decreased by sugar supplementation. Nitrogen Metabolism and total nitrogen retention were not observed any significant differences between sugar supplemented group and the others. Dental caries showed higher incidence for sugar supplemented groups. Hematology and bone growth showed no differences in this study. The similar results on the metabolic effects concerned the above view Points were obtained in the different protein groups such as bean & anchovy as protein sources in the diet. Caloric restriction Produced a lower growth-rate, lower body weight and poorer long bone growth. But composition of bone ash, concentration of nitrogen, calcium and blood glucose, liver fats and liver water content maintenanced at the same levels of standard group.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1222-1228
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• 2017

In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of water soluble ${\beta}-glucan$ from oat (Avena sativa) against various digestive enzymes such as ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, sucrase, maltase and glucoamylase. Inhibition of these enzymes involved in the absorption of disaccharide can significantly decrease the post-prandial increase of blood glucose level after a mixed carbohydrate diet. The ${\beta}-glucan$ had the highest documented rate of small intestinal sucrase inhibitory activity (2.83 mg/mL, $IC_{50}$) relevant for potentially managing post-prandial hyperglycemia. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of ${\beta}-glucan$ on the level of post-prandial blood glucose in animal model. The post-prandial blood glucose levels were tested two hours after sucrose/starch administration, with and without ${\beta}-glucan$ (100, and 500 mg/kg-body weight). The maximum blood glucose levels (Cmax) of ${\beta}-glucan$ administration group were decreased by about 23% (from $219.06{\pm}27.82$ to $190.44{\pm}13.18$, p<0.05) and 10% (from $182.44{\pm}13.77$ to $165.64{\pm}10.59$, p<0.01) in starch and sucrose loading test, respectively, when compared to control in pharmacodynamics study. The ${\beta}-Glucan$ administration significantly lowered the mean, maximum, and minimum level of post-prandial blood glucose at 30 min after meal. In view of the foregoing, it is felt that our findings suggest that ${\beta}-glucan$ from oat serves to reduce post-prandial blood glucose rise secondary to slower absorption of glucose in the small intestine, via carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes inhibition.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Steamed and freeze-dried mature silkworm powder (SMSP) is a natural food containing a large amount of various functional materials and has various health promoting effects. SMSP is known to increase the life expectancy and healthspan, simultaneously. The accomplishment of extension of healthspan should be possible to achieve by activating various signaling pathways delaying aging in various tissues, not by regulating only a few signaling pathways. Consistent with this notion, SMSP increased the resistant to Parkinson disease by enhancing olfaction and mitochondrial activity in neurons of animal models. In addition, SMSP could enhance the gastrointestinal functions. The animals consumed SMSP showed enhanced alcohol metabolisms, reduced cholesterols in bloods, increased resistance to carcinogens causing liver cancers, and protective effects in alcohol induced stomach ulcers. Furthermore, SMSP was also effective in appearance. The SMSP consumed animals showed reduced skin pigmentations and more hair growth compared with control animals. Taken together, the functional enhancement effects of SMSPs in various tissues and organs, which have been discovered to date, are combined to extend healthspan. Therefore, SMSP can be regarded as calorie restriction mimetics. Further studies in the health promoting effects of SMSP will contribute to identifying new applicable diseases, resulted in increased sales of SMSP and incomes of sericulture farmers.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2019

Aging is a complex and progressive process characterized by physiological and functional decline with time that increases susceptibility to diseases. Aged-related functional change is accompanied by a low-grade, unresolved chronic inflammation as a major underlying mechanism. In order to explain aging in the context of chronic inflammation, a new integrative concept on age-related chronic inflammation is necessary that encompasses much broader and wider characteristics of cells, tissues, organs, systems, and interactions between immune and non-immune cells, metabolic and non-metabolic organs. We have previously proposed a novel concept of senescent (seno)-inflammation and provided its frameworks. This review summarizes senoinflammation concept and additionally elaborates modulation of senoinflammation by calorie restriction (CR). Based on aging and CR studies and systems-biological analysis of Omics big data, we observed that senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) primarily composed of cytokines and chemokines was notably upregulated during aging whereas CR suppressed them. This result further strengthens the novel concept of senoinflammation in aging process. Collectively, such evidence of senoinflammation and modulatory role of CR provide insights into aging mechanism and potential interventions, thereby promoting healthy longevity.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2003

Fat and sugar reduced yellow layer cake system was developed with varied replacement level of 30%, 60%, and 90% for AD(amylodextrin) and 10%, 30%, and 50% for PD(polydextrose). Physicochemical and sensory characteristics were investigated and optimum replacement level was also decided using response surface methodology. Sample groups of PD10AD30 had significantly the lowest specific gravity and viscosity, indicating the stable batter system with high air incorporation. Sample groups with PD10AD90 showed the highest volume index and were not significantly different from those of the PD10AD30. Sensory results indicated that PD30AD30 were significantly the most springy and moist, and the least hard of all sample groups. Sample groups with PD10AD90 had the least adhesiveness value. To establish the optimum substitution level using RSM, the restriction level was set up as moistness over five point, hardness under five points, and adhesiveness under four points. The optimum substitution level was 20% for PD and 88% for AD.