• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.168-173
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• 2015

Bangpungtongseong-san(BPTSS, Fangfengtongsheng-san in Chineses) is a traditional herbal formula comprising 18 medicinal herbs. In the present study, we performed the simultaneous analysis for four compounds of BPTSS and examined anti-allergic effects in human keratinocytes and mouse splenocytes. The column for separation of four compounds was used Luna C18 column and maintained at 40℃. The mobile phase for gradient elution consisted of two solvent systems. The analysis was carried out at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with PDA detection at 254 and 280 nm. To evaluate production and expression of Th2 chemokines, ELISA and RT-PCR were conducted in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells with or without BPTSS or silymarin, a positive control for skin inflammation. To measure Th2 cytokines, primary mouse splenocytes were treated with BPTSS and performed ELISA for interleukin (IL)-4, 5, 13. Calibration curves were acquired with r2>0.9999. The contents of geniposide, liquiritin, baicalin, and glycyrrhizin in BPTSS were 5.06 ㎎/g, 7.33 ㎎/g, 27.56 ㎎/g, and 7.81 ㎎/g, respectively. BPTSS reduced TARC and RANTES production and mRNA expression in TNF-α and IFN-γ-treated HaCaT cells. BPTSS inhibited IL-4, 5, and 13 production in mouse splenocytes. Our data will be a helpful information to upgrade quality control and anti-allergic effects of BPTSS.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2014

A column solid phase extraction procedure based on modified polyurethane foam (PUF) by a newly synthesized Schiff base ionophore, named 2,2'-{iminobis[propane-3,1-diylnitrilo(1E)prop-1-yl-1-ylidene]}diphenol, was developed for preconcentration step of trace amounts determination of copper ions in water samples by atomic absorption flame spectroscopy. The influence of parameters on the adsorption process such as sample pH, amount of modified PUF packed in the column, type and volume of stripping reagent and its flow rate were investigated and optimized. Under optimum experimental conditions, the calibration graph was linear in a relatively wide range ($0.005-210{\mu}g/ml$) with a limit of detection $0.002{\mu}g/ml$ of copper. The proposed method allows achieving to a concentration factor of >133. The capacity of a column (1.6 cm i.d.) packed by 6 g of PUF modified by 12 mg of the Schiff base was found to be $247.7({\pm}2.1){\mu}g$ of copper. It was found that the adsorption process was highly selective towards copper ions with respect to some associated metal ions. The presented procedure was successfully applied for determination of copper in some water samples.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1997

The present work is determine to the dose distribution reduced by the insertion of a shielded into a vaginal cylinder around a $\^$60/CO source in brachytherapy, and to the source calibration. It was investigated by measuring the relative dose around a 2.5cm diameter shielded vaginal cylinder in a polystyrene phantom by use of a ionization chamber. Measurements were made with the cylinder unshielded and 0.55cm thick 90$^{\circ}C$ lead shields inserted. Also, the dose distribution compared measurement value with calculation value according to the device manufacturer and the multiple-divided dose tables. A reduction in dose was observed on the unshielded side of the cylinder which increased with distance from the source and it does 4.4％ within 1cm from the surface of the cylinder. On the shielded side of the cylinder, the dose at the surface is reduced to about 20.4％ of its value without the shield. The effective attenuation factor entered for the 90$^{\circ}C$ lead shielded cylinder was average 0.2 in a $\^$60/CO moving source. In comparision with the dose calculation mathods, the multiple-divided dose tables are difference less than ${\pm}$4.1％ with measured data in a $\^$60/Co source.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.575-582
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• 2018

This article compared accuracy of 5 types of radionuclide activity meters that are being used in medical institutions and proposed the correction factor for each radionuclide activity meters type, using Ge-68/Ga-68 radiation sources for scanner setting, regular scanner correction, attenuation correction, and normalization. The calibration constant between baseline values and measured values by CRC-15R, CRC-15 PET, CRC-712M, CRC-15 Beta, and CRC-25PET was 0.99999(P<0.0001), which showed very high linearity. In the accuracy test, CRC-15R, CRC-15 PET, CRC-712M, CRC-15 Beta, and CRC-25PET model showed -3.232%, -1.342%, -2.815%, -2.913%, and -3.089% respectively.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4A
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• pp.323-329
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• 2011

Most current design codes of concrete structures adopt the partial safety factor format to assure the proper safety margin or reliability against various limit states as a practical design tool. The safety factors, load and resistance factors and so on, are determined based on the theory of structural reliability, which takes into account the statistical uncertainties of both loads and resistances. The establishment of statistical models for load and resistance should be preceded the application of reliability theory. In this paper, especially the influence of the statistical variations of resistance models, which are described in terms of strength of concrete, strength of reinforcements and sectional dimensions and so on, are examined and the probabilistic models for resistance of reinforced concrete members were developed. The statistical data were collected on local tests and experiments in Korea and the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique was used. The results of this paper may be useful and valuable in calibration of design code in this country.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.572-579
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• 2017

Determination of the wood content in wood plastic composite (WPC) is crucial to form reliable WPC market. WPC with simple formulation consisting of only two components (wood flour and polypropylene) was examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for determining wood content in the WPC. TGA method using derivative peak temperature (DTp) of polypropylene under low heating rate ($5^{\circ}C/min$) showed more reliable calibration curve and lower error factor compared to method of using the percentage of weight loss of wood flour. In addition, AMS using bio-based carbon content showed greater reliability for the determination of wood content in the WPC in comparison with the TGA method.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.107-111
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• 2018

Currently, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and titration methods are used for assay tests of tramadol hydrochloride injection and raw material in the Korean Pharmacopoeia XI (KP XI). Titration has also been used in the British Pharmacopoeia (BP 2013) for the assay test of tramadol hydrochloride, and the HPLC assay for tramadol hydrochloride raw material has been used in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP 39). In this study, we developed an alternative HPLC assay method for tramadol hydrochloride injection that is up to date and specific, and employs the same method as tramadol hydrochloride capsules. Validation of the HPLC method was conducted to determine linearity, precision, accuracy, system suitability, and robustness. The linearity of the calibration curves in the desired concentration range was good ($r^2$ > 0.9999). RSDs of intra-day precision obtained were 0.05-0.08 % and inter-day precision obtained were 0.08-0.19 %. Accuracy was obtained with recoveries in the range of 98.16 % and 100.90 %. As a result of the system's suitability, the RSD of both retention time and the peak area obtained were 0.07 %. The values of the plate number and tailing factor of tramadol hydrochloride obtained were 7076 and 1.16, respectively. Because of the intermediate precision and robustness of the developed assay, it is expected to become a valuable tool for revising the Korean Pharmacopoeia (KP XI).

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.757-772
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• 2013

In this study, a combination of sorbent tube (ST)-thermal desorption (TD)-gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) was used for quantitative analysis of liquid phase standards of 10 BVOC ((1) (+)-${\alpha}$-pinene, (2) (+)-${\beta}$-pinene, (3) ${\alpha}$-phellandrene, (4) (+)-3-carene, (5) ${\alpha}$-terpinene, (6) p-cymene, (7) (R)-(+)-limonene, (8) ${\gamma}$- terpinene, (9) myrcene, and (10) camphene). The results of BVOC calibration yielded comparatively stable pattern with response factor (RF) of 23,560~50,363 and coefficient of determination ($R^2$) of 0.9911~0.9973. The method detection limit (MDL) of BVOC was estimated at 0.03~0.06 ng with the reproducibility of 1.30~5.13% (in terms of relative standard error (RSE)). Emissions of BVOC were measured from four types of fruit samples ((1) tangerine (TO), (2) tangerine peel (TX), (3) strawberry (SO), and (4) sepals of strawberry (SX)). The sum of BVOC flux (${\sum}flux$ (BVOC) in ng/hr/g) for each sample was seen on the descending order of (1) TX=291,614, (2) TO=2,190, (3) SO=1,414, and (4) SX=2,093. If the results are compared between the individual components, the highest flux was seen from (R)-(+)-limonene (265,395 ng/hr/g) from TX sample.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.324-337
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• 2010

For the development of load and resistance factor design, reliability analysis is required to calibrate resistance factors in the framework of reliability theory. The distribution of measured-to-predicted pile resistance ratio was constructed based on only the results of load tests conducted to failure for the assessment of uncertainty regarding pile resistance and used in the conventional reliability analysis. In other words, successful pile load test (piles resisted twice their design loads without failure) results were discarded, and therefore, were not reflected in the reliability analysis. In this paper, a new systematic method based on Bayesian theory is used to update reliability index of driven steel pile piles by adding more pile load test results, even not conducted to failure, into the prior distribution of pile resistance ratio. Fifty seven static pile load tests performed to failure in Korea were compiled for the construction of prior distribution of pile resistance ratio. Reliability analyses were performed using the updated distribution of pile resistance ratio and the total load distribution using First-order Reliability Method (FORM). The challenge of this study is that the distribution updates of pile resistance ratio are possible using the load test results even not conducted to failure, and that Bayesian update are most effective when limited data are available for reliability analysis or resistance factors calibration.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

A low power (below than 300 mW) catalytic bead combusible gas sensor is developed and utilized with a computer controlled sampling system for measuring heat content of natural gas. The heat content of gas is proportional to the change in the energy required to exposure to the sample of combustible gas. The heat content of natural gas samples ranging 36.30 - 39.88 $MJ/m^3$ is measured in the range of approximately $1\%$ error, which is comparable to its nominal heat content. Each gas represents a slightly different curve of sensitivity to sensor temperature. Thus all of the sensitivities are not equal to every temperature. In calibration process the choice of a optimum operating temperature is an important factor that influences the overall performance of the measurement system.