• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2010

Typha orientalis' stem (TOS) is traditionally used as an herbal medicine for difficulty in urination, galactophoritis purulenta, whooping cough, and allergic dermatitis. However, its effect in experimental models remains unknown. Here, we report the effect of TOS on the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187-induced inflammatory cytokine production and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in the human mast cell line, HMC-1. TOS inhibited PMA plus A23187-induced cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) and interleukin (IL)-6. Maximal inhibition rate of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 production by TOS (1 mg/ml) was about 44.02%, and 45.20%, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, TOS inhibited the expression of TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-6 mRNA under the same condition. Moreover, TOS partially blocked PMA plus A23187-induced ERK phosphorylation. These results suggested TOS could inhibit the cytokine production through blocking of ERK activity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.440-447
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• 2008

This study investigated the role of Panax ginseng (PG) on the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) + calcium ionophore A23187-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$) activation, phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and inflammatory cytokine production from the human mast cell line, HMC-1. HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and phosphorylation of ERK were observed by Western blotting. The inflammatory cytokine production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PG inhibited the PMA+A23187-induced HIF-$1{\alpha}$ expression and the subsequent production of vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, PG suppressed PMA + A23187-induced phosphorylation of ERK. We also show that the increased cytokines interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ level was significantly inhibited by treatment of PG. In the present study, we report for the first time that PG is an inhibitor of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and cytokines on the mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 1996

A new streptothricin family antibiotic producing Streptomyces spp. SNUS 8810-111 was isolated from a soil sample. Study of its morphological and physiological characters indicated that the antibiotic producing organism was a Streptomyces spp. Taxonomical studies suggested that the organism might belong to the genus streptomyces gougeroti. The organism produced antibiotics most in calcium carbonate-tryptic soy broth. The active principles were recovered from the broth with a cation exchange resin and eluted from the resin with HCI. Cellulose column chromatography gave two active principles.$^1H-^1H$ Homo-COSY study on the first compound revealed four structural components. Total hydrolysis of the antibiotic with HCI allowed isolation of $\beta-lysine$. From these data the antibiotic was found to be streptothricin D. The other compound showed one additional signal in the .$^1H$NMR and the $^{13}C$ NMR spectra. The signal was from a methyl group attached to a nitrogen atom. Comparison of the NMR signals with those of streptothricin D suggested that the compound was N-methyl-streptothricin D which was a new compound in the family of streptothricin antibiotics.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.565-573
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• 2021

인체 내 전자기장의 공간 분포는 고 유전율 재료를 사용하여 비교적 간단하게 조정할 수 있다. 이 방법은 다른 방법에 비해 보완적인 성격이 강하지만 특정 응용 분야에서 강력한 유전체 시밍용 도구로 활용될 수 있다. 기하학적으로 자유로운 형상으로 제조 가능하며 시스템의 어떠한 변경 없이 목적에 따라 제작된 패드를 적용할 수 있다. 특히 초 고자장(ultrahigh magnetic field UHF) MRI에서 높은 작동 주파수로 인해 낮은 감도 (low sensitivity)를 갖는 송신 (B1+) 및 수신 (B1-) 필드의 강도를 높이는 데 사용되는 임상목적의 고 유전율 패드는 잠재적 가치가 상당히 클 뿐만 아니라 그 효과가 클 것으로 예상되는 UHF MRI에 적용된 연구가 적기 때문에 이 연구에서는 티탄산 칼슘의 현탁액으로 제조된 고 유전율 패드를 실험실에서 직접 개발하였으며 UHF 7T 자기공명영상 MRI의 다양한 프로토콜에서 임상적으로 유용한 영상의 신호증가를 확인하였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.537-549
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• 2022

Preproenkephalin (PPE) is a precursor molecule for multiple endogenous opioid peptides Leu-enkephalin (ENK) and Met-ENK, which are involved in a wide variety of modulatory functions in the nervous system. Despite the functional importance of ENK in the brain, the effect of brain-derived factor(s) on PPE expression is unknown. We report the dual effect of neural epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like-like 2 (NELL2) on PPE gene expression. In cultured NIH3T3 cells, transfection of NELL2 expression vectors induced an inhibition of PPE transcription intracellularly, in parallel with downregulation of protein kinase C signaling pathways and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Interestingly, these phenomena were reversed when synthetic NELL2 was administered extracellularly. The in vivo disruption of NELL2 synthesis resulted in an increase in PPE mRNA level in the rat brain, suggesting that the inhibitory action of intracellular NELL2 predominates the activation effect of extracellular NELL2 on PPE gene expression in the brain. Biochemical and molecular studies with mutant NELL2 structures further demonstrated the critical role of EGF-like repeat domains in NELL2 for regulation of PPE transcription. These are the first results to reveal the spatio-specific role of NELL2 in the homeostatic regulation of PPE gene expression.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.399-415
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• 1999

세포내 유리칼슘(free calcium, $Ca^{2+}$)은 세균에서 고등동물에 이르기까지 거의 모든 세포에서 세포 고유작용을 조절하는 중요한 세포내 신호전달체계(signal transduction system)의 매개체이다. 타액선 세포에서 부교감 신경 자극으로 타액분비가 증가될 때에도 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 증가가 가장 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 췌장(pancreas)의 경우 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 이외에도 인접세포를 전기적 화학적으로 연결해주는 gap junction이 외분비 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능설이 제시되었다. 타액선 세포에서도 세포막에 고농도의 gap junction이 존재하고 있으며 gap junction을 통해 인접세포들이 전기적, 화학적으로 연계되어 있어 gap junction이 타액선 세포의 기능을 직접적으로 조절할 가능성을 내포하고 있다. 따라서 gap junction이 타액선의 타액분비 작용에도 중요한 역할을 하며 이러한 작용이 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 조절하여 이루어질 것이라는 가정하에 이를 확인하는 실험을 시행하였다. 흰쥐 악하선에서 유리되는 타액양을 측정하기 위해서 악하선으로 혈액을 공급하는 동맥에 가는 관을 삽입하여 생리 식염수를 관류하면서 타액선관을 통해 타액을 채취하였다. 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도는 분리한 악하선 acini 내에 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 형광물질인 fura-2를 축적시키고 형광 분석기를 사용하여 형광강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. CCh 투여로 타액 분비가 증가하였을 때 gap junction을 봉쇄하는 약물인 octanol(1 mM)을 투여하면 타액분비가 봉쇄되었으며 이는 가역적 반응이었다. 2. CCh투여로 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 증가하였을 때 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 CCh 투여전의 상태로 감소되었다. 3. Octanol은 CCh에 의하여 유발된 초기 $Ca^{2+}$ 증가를 억제하지는 못한 반면에 후기 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 감소시켰다. 4. 세포막 $Ca^{2+}$ 통로를 열어주는 약물인 thapsigargin($1{\mu}M$)을 투여하여 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도를 증가시킨 후 1mM octanol을 투여하면 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도가 thapsigargin 투여 전의 상태로 감소하였다. 5. 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone(TBQ)의 투여로 세포막을 통한 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 주기적 변동인 $Ca^{2+}$의 oscillation이 유발되었는데, 이때 1mM octanol을 투여한 경우에 $Ca^{2+}$농도의 oscillation이 정지하여 역시 gap junction을 봉쇄하면 TBQ에 의해서 유발된 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 주기적 변동이 사라지고 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도의 감소가 나타남을 확인하였다. 6. Gap junction을 봉쇄하는 또 다른 약물인 glycyrrhetinic acid($100{\mu}M$)도 CCh 자극으로 인한 타액분비를 억제하였다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 gap junction은 흰쥐 악하선 세포로부터의 타액분비 조절에 중요한 역할을 하는데, 이는 gap junction이 세포막 $Ca^{2+}$ 통로를 조절함으로써 수용체 자극으로 유발된 세포내 $Ca^{2+}$ 농도 변화에 영향을 미친 결과인 것으로 추측된다.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 2007

It is difficult to introduce DNA in non-invasive manner into oral cancer cells as well as primary cells for gene manipulation and expression in vivo. So far, several methods for a gene delivery have been performed to solve this problem. Magnetofection is one of the recent methods for gene transfer, and nanoparticles are applied under a magnetic field for DNA delivery. We investigated whether the magnetofection increases the efficiency of a gene delivery into several oral cell lines. By using a plasmid coding the green fluorescent protein (GFP), the efficiency of gene transfer by magnetofection was compared with those by using the calcium phosphate and the commercial transfection agent. Indeed, the magnetofection increased the green fluorescent signal in cells, suggested that this method apparently enhance the efficiency of gene delivery without any defects in various oral cancer cell lines. Finally, we have shown that magnetofection can be a useful technique for gene delivery to difficult-to-transfect cells to perform a functional study of genes in vivo.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.84.1-84
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• 2003

Magnaporthe grisea, the casual agent of rice blast, forms an appressorium to penetrate its host. Much has been learned about environmental cues and signal transduction pathways, especially those involving CAMP and MAP kinases, on appressorium formation during the last decade. More recently, pharmacological data suggest that calcium/calmodulin-dependent signaling system is involved in its appressorium formation. To determine the role of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) on appressorium formation, a gene (WPLCl) encoding PI-PLC was cloned and characterized from M. grisea strain 70-15. Sequence analysis showed that MPLCl has alt five conserved domains present in other phospholipase C genes from several filamentous fungi and mammals. Null mutants (mplcl) generated by targeted gene disruption exhibited pleiotropic effects on conidial morphology, appressorium formation, fertility and pathogenicity. mplcl mutants developed nonfunctional appressoria and are also defective in infectious growth in host tissues. Defects in appressorium formation and pathogenicity in mplcl mutants were complemented by a mouse PLCdelta-1 cDNA under the control of the MPLCl promoter. These results suggest that cellular signaling mediated by MPLCl plays crucial and diverse roles in development and pathogenicity of M. grisea, and functional conservation between fungal and mammalian Pl-PLCs.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.3-11
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• 1999

At the beginning, researches on the biology of depression or affective illness have focused mainly on the receptor functions and neuroendocrine activities. And the studies of the past years did not break new theoretical background, but the recent advances in the research on the molecular mechanisms underlying neural communication and signal transduction do add some insights to many established ideas. This article will overview some of the more recent advances in the clinical researches of depression. Our major concerns to be presented here include the followings : (1) alterations in the post-synaptic neural transduction ; (2) changes in the neurons of hypothalamic neuropeptides ; (3) decreased peptidase enzyme activities ; (4) associations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis abnormalities with serotonin neurotransmission ; (5) role of serotonin transporter ; (6) changes in the responsiveness of intracellular calcium ion levels ; (7) the inositol deficiency theory of lithium and depression ; (8) the transcription factors including immediate early genes ; (9) recent genetic studies in some families. This brief overview will suggest that changes in DNA occur during antidepressant therapy. These changes at the DNA level initiating a cascade of events underlying antidepressant modality will give us the insights on the molecular biological basis of the pathogenesis of depression and cues for a new class of antidepressants.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2007

A solid state ion sensor module has been developed and evaluated for hydroponic nutrients analysis. The sensor module consisted of five ion-selective electrodes (ISE) fabricated by screen-printing technology. The electrochemical responses of ion sensors for nitrate, ammonium, potassium, calcium, and pH were measured with specially designed 7-channel low voltage signal transducers. The analytical characteristics of the sensors were comparable with those of conventional ISE sensors. The solid state ion sensors exhibit linear relationships over five concentration decades. Detection limit of the sensors were $5.6{\times}10^{-5}{\sim}1.6{\times}10^{-7}M$ depends on ions. Performance test results showed that relative errors of measured ion concentrations were less than 5% for $NO_3{^-},\;K^+,\;Ca^{2+}$ ion, and pH. The concentration of $NO_3{^-},\;NH_4{^+},\;K^+,\;Ca^{2+}$, and pH ion in standard solution and nutrient solutions could be determined by direct potentiometric measurements without any conditioning before measurements.