• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2020

The worldwide shortage of water resources is a major environmental issue. Using pure water for drinking and domestic purposes is a bigger issue than other environmental issues. Industrialization and Urbanization have even polluted rainwater. In China, when it rains, rainwater is stored on the roof or other sources of storage for daily use resulting in pollution. Several studies have been conducted to treat rainwater. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of constructed wetlands by using ACF as a medium. So, this study aims to treat rainwater in Wuhan city through a Composite Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands. First, rainwater was stored in the tank while it flows out of the roof, further it is processed in constructed wetlands. The constructed wetlands is consisted with plants Calamus and Chives, adding ACF (prepared from luffa) has achieved great results in this study. Results show that the pollutants have been removed to a considerable level, there were significant differences in removal rates under different HRT at 6h, 9h and 12h respectively. Therefore, Composite Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands is recommended for total nitrogen and Ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.205-214
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• 2016

Objectives This paper was aimed to review the preceding research on the origins, changes and constructive principle of Taeeumjowi-tang.Methods We reviewed Jema Lee's original works including Dongyisusebowon and relevant books to analyze Taeeumjowi-tang-related items. To compensate insufficient evidence of literature, we also refocued physiological and pathological pecularities of Taeeumin and relevant symptomatology.Results and Conclusions 1) The origins of Taeeumjowi-tang should be Mahwang-tang, Saengmaek-san, Seokchangpowonji-san, and Gondam-san. 2) Taeeumjowi-tang went through Saengmaek-san, Sanyakhwawi-jeon, Bopyesaengmaek-tang, Gilgyungsaengmaek-san, and Bopyewon-tang before it was built as the final version. 3) Taeeumjowi-tang consists of a) big blue lilyturf (麥門冬) and Omija (五味子) which are directly of help to exhale and disperse qi-fluid of Lung, b) balloon-flower (桔梗) which helps circulation of qi-fluid from Head to Lung, c) adlay (薏苡仁) and dry nut (乾栗) which are directly of help to raise up qi-fluid of Wiwan, d) ephedra (麻黃) which helps circulation of qi-fluid from Wiwan to skin, e) calamus (石菖蒲) which directly helps the psychological function of Ear, and f) radish seed (蘿葍子) which slightly eliminate the excessive function of Small intestine, treating Wiwanhan symptomatology in Taeeumin.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2009

1. Objects : This paper was written in order to understand of Taeumjowitang(太陰調胃湯). 2. Methods : We analysis prescription's combination of Taeumin's experior diseases through pathology and new prescription in DongyiSuseBowonSasangChoBonKywun(東醫壽世保元 四象草本卷), DongyiSuseBowon GabObon(東醫壽世保元 甲午本), DongyiSuseBowon ShinChukBon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本). 3. Results and Conclusions : 1) The origin of Taeumjowitang(太陰調胃湯) is BoPyeSaengMacTang(補肺生脈湯) which is combination of SaengMacSane(生脈散) and SanYakHwaWiJun(山藥和胃煎). 2) BoPyeSaengMacTang(補肺生脈湯) was changed to GilGyungSaengMacSan(桔梗生脈散) in DongyiSuseBowon GabOBon(東醫壽世保元 甲午本). GilGyungSaengMacSan(桔梗生脈散) was changed to HanDaYulSoTang(寒多熱少湯) and Taeumjowitang(太陰調胃湯) in DongyiSuseBowon ShinChukBon(東醫壽世保元 辛丑本). 3) Taeumjowitang(太陰調胃湯) is combination of BoPyeWonTang(補肺元湯) which help Exhale Dispersing Qi of Lung, and adlay(薏苡仁), dry nut(乾栗) and radish seed(羅葍子) which help Stomach Qi, calamus(石葍蒲) which regular Qi, ephedra(麻黃) which is exhale experior cold Qi.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2003

The feasibility as floricultural crops and water garden plant materials of Korean native water plants was investigated. Propagation type, growing and flowering time were observed for development as water garden, interior aquarium plant and water purification materials. Flowering time of the water plant was 7 species in May, 28 species in June, 49 species in July, 55 species in August, 47 species in September, and 17 species in October. Beautiful flowering water plants were Nymphaeaceae, Nymphoides peltata, Nymphoides indica, Monochoria korsakowii, Iris pseudacorus, Iris laevigata, and etc. Ornamental leafy water plants were Ceratopteris thalictroides, Ludwigia ovalis, Myriophyllum verticillatim, Limnophila sessiliflora, Blyxa aubertii, Blyxa echinosperma, Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata and Eleocharis acicularis etc. Isoetes japonica, Isoetes coreana and Isoetes sinensis were propagated by spore. Blyxa aubertii, Blyxa echinosperma, Myriophyllum verticillatim, Nuphar japonicum, Nelumbo nucifera, Ottelia alismoides, Sagittaria aginashi, Trapa japonica, and Trapa natans were propagated by seed. Persicaria amphibia, Ceratophyllum demersum (hornwort), Myriophyllum verticillatim, Myriophyllum spicatum, Oenanthe javanica, Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata and Acorus calamus were propagated by division. And Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata and Phragmites japonica were propagated by runner. Ceratophyllum demersum (hornwort), Myriophyllum verticillatim, Myriophyllum spicatum, Limnophila sessilifera were propagated by adventitious bud. Ceratopteris thalictroides was propagated by leaf cutting. The 35 genera, 68 species of water plants were available for horticultural use. The 45 species such as Iris laevigata, Eleocharis acicularis, Menyanthes trifoliata, Nymphaea minima, Nuphar pumilum, Nymphoides coreana, Nymphoides peltata, Nymphoides indica, Nymphaea tetragona (water lily), and Typha latifolia could be use for water garden plant. The 21 species such as Limnophila sessilifera, Vallisneria asiatica, Ceratophyllum demersum and Hydrilla verticillata available for indoor aquarium. The 19 species such as Ottelia alismoides, Oenanthe javanica, Limnophila sessilifera and Blyxa echinosperma could be culture in container. The 27 species such as Trapa japonica, Trapa incisa, Phramites commuris (reed), Phragmites japonica, and Zizania latifolia were usable for water purification plant materials.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.1547-1553
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• 2011

An effective analytical method of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed for the rapid determination of essential oils in the crude extract of Acorus species (Acorus gramineus, Acorus tatarinowii, and Acorus calamus). Major phenypropanoids (${\beta}$,${\alpha}$-asarone isomers, euasarone, and methyleugenol) and ${\beta}$-caryophyllene in Acorus species were used as marker compounds and determined for the quality control of herbal medicines. To extract marker compounds, various extraction techniques such as solvent immersion, mechanical shaking, and sonication were compared, and the greatest efficiency was observed with sonication extraction using petroleum ether. The dynamic range of the GC/MS method depended on the specific analyte; acceptable quantification was obtained between 10 and 2000 ${\mu}g/mL$ for ${\beta}$-asarone, 10 and 500 ${\mu}g/mL$ for ${\alpha}$-asarone, 10 and 200 ${\mu}g/mL$ for methyleugenol, and between 5 and 100 ${\mu}g/mL$ for ${\beta}$-caryophyllene. The method was deemed satisfactory by inter- and intra-day validation and exhibited both high accuracy and precision, with a relative standard deviation < 10%. Overall limits of detection were approximately 0.34-0.83 ${\mu}g/mL$, with a standard deviation (${\sigma}$)-to-calibration slope (s) ratio (${\sigma}$/s) of 3. The limit of quantitation in our experiments was approximately 1.13-3.20 ${\mu}g/mL$ at a ${\sigma}$/s of 10. On the basement of method validation, 20 samples of Acorus species collected from markets in Korea were monitored for the quality control. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were performed on the analytical data of 20 different Acorus species samples in order to classify samples that were collected from different regions.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to offer the basic data for conservation of wetland ecosystem by surveying and analysing the vascular plants distributed in Hwapocheon wetland, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Korea. The numbers of vascular plants were summarized as 292 taxa including 72 families, 192 genera, 262 species, 1 subspecies, 26 varieties and 3 forms. There were 34 taxa of hydrophytes, 23 taxa of emergent plants, 4 taxa of floating-leaved plants, 5 taxa of free-floating plants and 5 taxa of submerged plants. The rare plants were 7 taxa including Aristolochia contorta, Penthorum chinense, Prunus yedoensis(planting), Ixeris tamagawaensis, Hydrocharis dubia, Iris ensata var. spontanea(planting), Acorus calamus and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 2 taxa including Salix koriyanagi and Salix pseudolasiogyne. The specific plants by floristic region were 19 taxa including 2 taxa of grade V, 1 taxa of grade IV, 5 taxa of grade III, 2 taxa of grade II and 9 taxa of grade I. The naturalized plants were 62 taxa including Chenopodium album, Astragalus sinicus, Helianthus tuberosus, Panicum dichotomiflorum and so forth. The plants that were expected to spread nationwide were 14 taxa including Cerastium glomeratum, Bidens frondosa, Tagetes minuta, Festuca arundinacea and so forth. The invasive alien plants were 6 taxa including Rumex acetosella, Sicyos angulatus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Ambrosia trifida, Aster pilosus and Lactuca scariola.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-53
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• 2013

This study is carried out to offer raw data and establish strategy for conservation and restoration of river ecosystem by objective surveying and analysing the flora and vegetation distributed in Hwang river, Gyeongsangnam-do. The flora identified in this site were 406 taxa including 95 families, 252 genera, 360 species, 3 subspecies, 40 varieties and 3 forms. The rare plants were 3 taxa including Sagittaria sagittifolia subsp. leucopetala, Hydrocharis dubia and Acorus calamus. The endemic plants were 4 taxa including Populus tomentiglandulosa, Salix koriyanagi, Paulownia coreana and Weigela subsessilis. The specific plants by floristic region were 17 taxa including Salix siuzevii, Poncirus trifoliata, Potamogeton maackianus and so forth. The naturalized plants were 39 taxa including Phytolacca americana, Chenopodium glaucum, Lepidium virginicum, Oenothera erythrosepala, Xanthium canadense, Lolium multiflorum and so forth. The invasive alien plants were Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida. The whole NI and UI were each 9.6% and 13.9%. The hydrophytes were 27 taxa including Marsilea quadrifolia, Nymphaea tetragona, Ceratophyllum demersum, Trapa japonica and so forth. In the results of growth forms of the hydrophytes, emergent species were 14 taxa, 3 taxa of floating-leaved species, 4 taxa of free-floating species and 6 taxa of submerged species. The dominant vegetations were Salix spp. community, Miscanthus sacchariflorus community, Phragmites japonica community and Phragmites communis community.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2003

This study was executed by China along with the Tumen river, which formed border of North Korea and China. As a result 91 family, 282 genera, 363 species, 57 variety 4 species, total 424 taxa of vascular plants were identified. The examination area was include the region that had various vegetation such as upper swampy land, seashore dune, a river, a high mountain grassy plain, deciduous tree zone, evergreen coniferous forest zone. The followings are representative plants, which found in an examination area but not in South Korea. Picea koraiensis, Larix gmelini var. principis-ruprechtii, Betula playphylla, Ulmus pumila, Populus koreana, Ledum palustre var. diversipilosum, Rhododendron parvifolium, Salix brachypoda, Phacelurus latifolius, Carex gotoi, Carex capricornis, Calla palustris, Aquilegia flabellata var. pumila, Lilium davuricum, Astragalus membranaceus, Trifolium lupinaster, Ledebourieila seselodeds, Polemonium racemosum, Scutellaria baicalensis, Linnaea borealis, Thladiantha dubia, Inula helenium, Trollius hondoensis, Hypocaeris ciliata, Aconitum kirinense, Aconitum arcuatum, Potentilla viscosa var. macrophylla. And there are 21 rare and endangered species, which Korean Forest Sevice designated, such as Aconitum koreanum, Acorus calamus var. angustatus, Polygonatum stenophyllum, Drosera rotundifolia, Iris setosa, Jeffersonia dubia, Lilium davuricum, Lilium cernum, Paeonia obovata, Penthorum chinense, Phacelurus latifolius, Rosa marretii, Sparganium stoloniferum, Thymus quinquecostatus, Trillium tschonoskii, Utricularia japonica, Tripterospermum japonicum, Vaccinium uliginosum, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, etc. Especially, plants like, Acanthopanax senticosus, Jeffersonia dubia and Lillum cernum which have high values of ornamental, and medical use are in an extinction crisis. High swampy land was formed to upper stream of Tumen river. It showed representative vegitation, like Carex sp., Scirpus radirans, Eriophorum latifolium. Wetlands plant and a dune plant were mixed in down stream area of Tumen river. On a dune, seashore plants, such as Carex kobomugi, Salsola collina, Raphanus sativus var. raphanistroides, Rosa rugosa, Scutellaria strigillosa, Linaria japonica, Phacelurus latifolius were appeared frequently.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2011

Objective : This study was to compare antioxidant activity and HPLC pattern analysis from 4 species of changpo(ch$\={a}$ngp$\'{u}$). Methods : To compare the antioxidant activity and HPLC pattern analysis from the 4 species of changpo, we performed the in vitro anti-oxidative activity assays and HPLC analysis from 70% ethanol extracts of Acorus gramineus Sol. (=AG), A. tatarinowii Schott (=AT), A. calamus L. (=AC) and Anemone altaica Fisch. ex C.A.Mey (=AA) taken in the herbal medicine market of Korea. Results : AG has the most effective anti-oxidative activity among 4 species of changpo. As the HPLC pattern analysis, AT was detected the unknown peak at retention time 14.9 min whereas AG was not showed any peak at the same retention time. These results suggest that AG could be used rather than AT when it need to be prescribed as anti-oxidative medicine. Conclusions : This result can be used as the basic data contributing to the stability of AG according to an appropriate clinical application.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.653-662
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• 2014

This study was determined the hair growth effect and mode of action of a complex extract (abelmo), extracted from various natural plants including Acorus calamus var. angustatus. 30 six-week old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into three treatment groups with ten mice per treatment group repeatedly. The treatment group is a control group, and was classified into saline-applied, minoxidil 5%-applied, and abelmo-applied groups. Hair growth started from the abelmo-applied and minoxidil 5% -applied groups on the 9th day, compared to the saline-applied group. Hair growth rate was 17.06% and 19.15% in those two groups, respectively, and the abelmo-applied group's hair growth rate was higher. The density, length and thickness of hair were significantly higher in the order of abelmo-applied group, minoxidil 5%-applied group and saline-applied group on the 9th day, and hair root was strongly maintained in the abelmo-applied group. The density, length and thickness of hair in the abelmo-applied group were significantly higher by 599.8, 122.2 and 181.8% on the 9th day compared to the saline-applied group, and 166.7, 171.4 and 200.2% on the 12th day, and 136.6, 216.9 and 180.7%, respectively on the 15th day. As for hair follicle and the length of hair shaft from the dosal skin histopathology manifestation, the abelmo-applied group was more excellent than the saline-applied group and minoxidil 5%-applied group. This result actually confirmed the fact that abelmo promotes hair growth and strongly maintains hair root simultaneously.