• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제59권
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• pp.527-535
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• 2020

This study reports the preparation of the Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB) enzyme immobilization on silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Si-MNPs@CalB) using various cross-linkers and demonstration of rapid catalytic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl alkyl esters. CalB enzymes were coupled with different cross-linker silanes on the Si-MNPs surface. Among these cross-linkers, Cl-functionalized silane was better at immobilization of CalB than the others. Catalytic hydrolysis of p -nitrophenyl alkyl esters was demonstrated against Si-MNPs@CalB as a function of the length of alkyl chain (C₄, C₈, C₁₂, and C₁₆). From the Michaelis-Menten equation and Lineweaver-Burk plots, various enzyme kinetic parameters (i.e., K_m, V_max, and K_cat) were calculated. Catalytic hydrolysis was faster in shorter alkyl chain of p-nitrophenyl alkyl esters with Si-MNPs@CalB in the order C₄>>C₈>C₁₂>>C₁₆. Furthermore, the reusability and optimum catalytic activity of Si-MNPs@ CalB were evaluated as a function of the number of reuses and with different pH values.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.314-325
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• 1991

식이지방의 수준에 따라 n6 와 n3 불포화지방산이 혈장 지질조성에 미치는 영향과 또 그 기전이 다른지를 연구하고자 Sprague Dawley 종 수컷쥐에게 저지방(LF, 10% Cal)식이와 고지방식이(HF, 40% Cal)를 각각 6주동안 투여하였으며, 사용된 기름은 포화지방산 급원으로는 쇠기름, n6 linoleic acid(LA) 급원으로 corn oil, n3 ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid(LL) 급원으로 perilla oil, n3 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA)와 docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) 급원으로 fish oil이었다. Ultracentrifugation 방법으로 VLDL fraction을 분리하여 thin layer chromatography에 의해서 화학적조성을 구하였다. Plasma cholestere 수준은 LF 와 HF 모두 n6 LA에 의해서는 오히려 증가되었고 n3 LL과 n3 EPA에 의해서는 감소되었으며, HF 에서 n3 EPA가 가장 cholesterol 저하효과가 있었다. HDL-Chol 농도는 n6 LA에 의해서 증가되었으나, HF 경우 n3 EPA에 의해서 유의성있게 감소되었다. Plasma TG 농도는 n3 EPA에 의해서 가장 감소되었고 간의 lipogenic enzyme 활성을 억제하였으며 VLDL fraction의 TG상대적양(%)이 유의성 있게 낮아졌다. 이때 LF 군에서는VLDL fraction의 apo-B의 상대적양(%)이 감소되지 않았으나 HF군에서 n3 EPA에 의해서 유의성 있게 낮았다. 그러므로 n3 EPA의 hvpotriglyceridemic effect는 간에서 lipogenesis를 억제하여 plasma VLDL로 TG 분비가 억제되었을 것이며, HF일 경우는 간에서 apo-B 생성도 억제되었다. 관상동맥성심장질환의 예방적 차원에서 평상시에도 쇠기름과 corn oil 보다는 n3 PUFA가 풍부한 들기름이나 생선을 더욱 이용하는 것이 바람직하다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.607-622
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• 2004

Recently epidemiologic studies have indicated that the patients with periodontitis may have increased risk of ischemic cardiovascular events, and have suggested the important roles of blood cytokines and acute reactant proteins in the systemic infection and inflammatory response. Periodontitis and coronary heart disease (CHD) may share the common risk factors and the genetic mechanism associated with interleukin(IL)-1A, B and RA genotype may be involved in the production of IL-1. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between angiographically defined CHD and periodontitis as chronic Gram-negative bacterial infection and to determine whether the IL-1 gene polymorphism is associated in both diseases. Patients under the age of 60 who had undergone diagnostic coronary angiography were enrolled in this study. Subjects were classified as positive CHD (+CHD, n=37) with coronary artery stenosis more than 50% in at least one of major epicardial arteries, and negative CHD (-CHD, n=30) without significant stenosis. After recording the number of missing teeth, periodontal disease severity was measured by means of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographic bone loss around all remaining teeth. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from the 4 deepest periodontal pockets and assessed for cytokine ($IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, IL-1ra, tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, and prostaglandin $E_2$). Additionally, blood CHD markers, lipid profile, and blood cytokines were analyzed. IL-1 gene cluster genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme restriction using genomic DNA from buccal swab, and allele 2 frequencies of IL-1A(+4845), IL-1B(+3954), IL-B(-511), and IL-1RA(intron 2) were compared between groups. Even though there was no significant difference in the periodontal parameters between 2 groups, GCF level of $PGE_2$ was significantly higher in the +CHD group(p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed the positive relationship among PD, CAL and coronary artery stenosis(%) and blood $PGE_2$. There was also significant positive relationship between the periodontal parameters (PI, PD, CAL) and the blood CHD markers (leukocyte count, C-reactive protein, and lactic dehyrogenase). IL-1 gene genotyping showed that IL-1A(+3954) allele 2 frequency was significantly higher in the +CHD group compared with the -CHD group (15% vs. 3.3%, OR 5.118,p=0.043). These results suggested that periodontal inflammation is related to systemic blood cytokine and CHD markers, and contributes to cardiovascular disease via systemic inflammatory reaction. IL-1 gene polymorphism might have an influence on periodontal and coronary heart diseases in Korean patients.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.254-263
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• 2021

Purpose: Periodontitis is associated with a dysbiosis of periodontopathic bacteria, which stimulate the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis that plays an essential role in the immunopathogenesis of this disease, leading to alveolar bone destruction through receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). IL-23 receptor mRNA (IL-23R) has been identified in periodontitis, and IL-17 receptor A mRNA (IL-17RA) and its protein have not yet been evaluated in patients with periodontitis. In this study was measure IL-23R and IL-17RA in gingival tissue (GT) from patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) and to explore correlations with clinical parameters. Methods: We included 16 healthy subjects (HS), 18 patients with GCP, and 14 with GAP. GT samples were collected during periodontal surgery. Both IL-23R and IL-17RA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The results were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman' rank correlation coefficients using SPSS version 25.0. We found lower IL-23R levels in patients with GCP and GAP than in HS. Contrarily, we observed higher IL-17RA levels in GCP and GAP patients than in HS. Moreover, we found negative correlations between IL-23R in GT and probing depth and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Likewise, a positive correlation of IL-17RA in GT with CAL was found. Conclusions: The results of these findings suggest that the reverse behavior between IL-23R and IL-17RA in periodontitis patients may also be involved with the activation of RANKL, which promotes alveolar bone loss.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.420-430
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• 1991

To compare the hypolipidemic effects of n6 linoleic acid. n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid in rats fed high carbohydrate(70% Cal) diet. male Sprague Dawley rats were fed different experimental diets for 6 weeks. which were different only in fatty acid composition. The dietary fats were beer tallow(BT) as a source of saturated fatty acid (SFA), corn oil(CO) for n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid(LL) and fish oil(FO) for n3 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Plasma total cholesterol(Chol) level was increased by n6 LA but decreased by n3 LL and n3 EPA and most effectively reduced by n3 EPA. HDL-Chol level was raised by n6 LA, but there was no significant change in HDL-Chol levels by n3 LL and was lowered by n3 EPA. Plasma TG level was reduced by n6 LA, but lipogenesis in liver was not affected by n6 LA. However, plasma TG level was lowered by n3 LL and EPA. Both lipogenic enzyme activity and liver TC level were also decreased by n3 PUFA. The relative proportions of TG in VLDL was significantly lowered by n3 EPA. but the proportions of Apo B in VLDL was not changed by n3 EPA. Overall. the hypolipidemic effect was in the order of EPA+ DHA(n3) >LL(n3) >LA(n6) and fish oil and perilla oil rich in n3 PUFA may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.210-220
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• 1996

Oxyfluorfen에 내성(耐性) 벼 3품종(品種)과 감수성(感受性) 벼 4품종(品種) 및 피를 공시하여 $10^{-6}M$ 농도로 처리하여 24시간 암배양(暗培養)하고 광(光)에 0, 2, 4, 6시간 노출 후에 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素)의 활성 차이와 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素)의 isozyme 변화를 조사하였다. 1 내성(耐性) 및 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種) 자체의 APOX, CAL, POX, NR, GR, MDAR 및 SOD의 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素) 활성(活性)은 차이가 없었으나, 감수성(感受性)인 피는 다른 벼품종(品種)들보다 활성(活性)이 아주 낮았다. 그리고 lipoxygenase는 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들보다 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)과 피에서 활성(活性)이 다소 높은 경향이었다. 2. Oxyfluorfen 처리 후 항산화효소(抗酸化酵素)인 MDAR, POX, GR 및 SOD는 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들이 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들과 피보다 활성(活性)이 높았다. 3. Oxyfluorfen 처리 후 POX 동위효소(同位酵素)변화는 처리농도가 증가할수록 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)들에서 C band 활성(活性)이 증가하였으나, 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서는 활성(活性)증가가 없었다. 감수성(感受性) 피에서는 B band가 $10^{-4}M$ 처리에서 활성(活性)이 다소 감소하였다. 4. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 GR, SOD 및 AO 동위효소(同位酵素)는 내성(耐性)과 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)들간에 각 band 활성(活性)은 차이가 없었으나, GR 동위효소(同位酵素)는 $10^{-4}M$ 처리시 감수성(感受性)인 피에서 C band가 소실되었다. 5. Oxyfluorfen 처리에 따른 esterase 동위효소(同位酵素)의 변화는 B, C 및 D band에서 내성(耐性) 벼품종(品種)보다 감수성(感受性) 벼품종(品種)에서 활성(活性)감소가 컸으며, 감수성(感受性)인 피는 $10^{-4}M$ 처리시 A band가 소실되었다.