• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.24.1-24.6
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• 2016

We determined the optimum dietary protein level in juvenile barred knifejaw Oplegnathus fasciatus in cages. Five semi-purified isocaloric diets were formulated with white fish meal and casein-based diets to contain 35, 40, 45, 50, and 60 % crude protein (CP). Fish with an initial body weight of $7.1{\pm}0.06g$ ($mean{\pm}SD$) were randomly distributed into 15 net cages (each size: $60cm{\times}40cm{\times}90cm$, $W{\times}L{\times}H$) as groups of 20 fish in triplicates. The fish were fed at apparent satiation level twice a day. After 8 weeks of feeding, the weight gain (WG) of fish fed 45, 50, and 60 % CP diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed 35 and 40 % CP diets. However, there were no significant differences in WG among fish fed 45, 50, and 60 % CP diets. Generally, feed efficiency (FE) and specific growth rate (SGR) showed a similar trend as WG. However, the protein efficiency ratio (PER) was inversely related to dietary protein levels. Energy retention efficiency increased with the increase of dietary protein levels by protein sparing from non-protein energy sources. Blood hematocrit content was not affected by dietary protein levels. However, a significantly lower amount of hemoglobin was found in fish fed 35 % CP than in fish fed 40, 45, 50, and 60 % CP diets. Fish fed 60 % CP showed the lowest survival rate than the fish fed 35, 40, 45, and 50 % CP diets. Broken-line analysis of WG showed the optimum dietary protein level was 45.2 % with 18.8 kJ/g diet for juvenile barred knifejaw. This study has potential implication for the successful cage culture of barred knifejaw.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 1990

방어의 유결절증(類結節症) 신속진단(迅速診斷)을 위(爲)한 면역형광항체법(免疫螢光抗體法)의 유용성(有用性)을 검토(檢討)하기 위하여 원인균(原因菌)으로 면역(免疫)된 항혈청(抗血淸)에서 면역(免疫)글로브린 G(IgG)를 분리(分離)하여 FITC표식(標識) 항체(抗體)를 정제(精製)하였다. 정제(精製)된 표식항체(標識抗體)는 형광강도(螢光强度)가 1 : 32였으며 이 표식항체(標識抗體)를 이용(利用)하여 1990년(年) 7월(月)부터 10월(月)까지 경남(慶南) 통영군(統營郡) 소재(所在) 방어 양식장(養殖場)을 대상(對象)으로 유결절증진단시험(類結節症診斷試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果) 직접형광항체법(直接螢光抗體法)으로 2시간내(時間內)에 원인균(原因菌)의 신속진단(迅速診斷)이 가능(可能)하고 균검출면(菌檢出面)에서도 평판도말(平板塗抹) 배양법(培養法)보다 효과적(效科的)인 것으로 나타났다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1184-1193
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• 2015

Monitoring for megalocytivirus infection was conducted for ten months from March to December in 2013 in 15 aquatic farms culturing, red sea bream, rock bream, rock fish and black sea bream around Tongyoung coastal area in Korea, to assess spatial and temporal variability of detection prevalence, and to explore possible links with seawater temperature. In nested-PCR targeted major capsid protein (MCP) gene, asymptomatic megalocytivirus infection was detected in the externally healthy farmed fish with a significant prevalence in range from 0 to 58.3% for ten months. Higher prevalence of megalocytivirus (46.7% - 57.1%) was observed in high water temperature season from September to November than that in other months with lower prevalence of 0.0% to 20.0%. Even though an acute infection of megalocytivirus was occurred in rock bream (positive in the first PCR) with high mortality in one of fifteen farms, there was no expansion or transmission of the disease to the rock fish and red sea bream culturing in net cage just proximal to the rock bream cage in which disease outbreaked. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cloned MCP gene isolated asymptomatically infected rock fish revealed that the megalocytivirus in this study was clustered together with the rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) under the subgroup II of the genus megalocytivirus (Iridoviridae), which is known to be the major megalocytivirus strain in Korea. The typical histopathological signs were not found in the spleen of rock fish asymptomatically infected by megalocytivirus. Experimental infection of rock bream with the spleen homogenate of the rock fish infected asymptomatically did not induce any mortality unlike the homogenate of infected rock bream with hih mortlity. However, these results may suggest that the asymptomatic infection of megalocytivirus in other fish species can be a potential risk threatening aquaculture industries as a transmission factor of megalocytivirus to susceptible fish species, especially rock bream.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.447-459
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• 2021

Objective : Oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) is becoming the preferred treatment for degenerative lumbar diseases. As beginners, we performed 143 surgeries over 19 months. In these consecutive cases, we analyzed the learning curve and reviewed the complications in our experience. Methods : This was a retrospective study; however, complications that were well known in the previous literature were strictly recorded prospectively. We followed up the changes in estimated blood loss (EBL), operation time, and transient psoas paresis according to case accumulation to analyze the learning curve. Results : Complication-free patients accounted for 43.6% (12.9%, early stage 70 patients and 74.3%, late stage 70 patients). The most common complication was transient psoas paresis (n=52). Most of these complications occurred in the early stages of learning. C-reactive protein normalization was delayed in seven patients (4.89%). The operation time showed a decreasing trend with the cases; however, EBL did not show any significant change. Notable operation-induced complications were cage malposition, vertebral body fracture, injury to the ureter, and injury to the lumbar vein. Conclusion : According to the learning curve, the operation time and psoas paresis decreased. It is important to select an appropriately sized cage along with clear dissection of the anterior border of the psoas muscle to prevent OLIF-specific complications.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.884-891
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• 2022

Objective: Free-range systems have been increasingly available to the consumer due to increased demand for more sustainable meat-products. In the current study, the effect of free-range (FR) and cage system (CS) was explored on growth performance, meat quality and oxidation products in Italian White breed rabbits during the growing-fattening phase (5 to 13 weeks of age). Methods: Forty rabbits were randomly allotted to two treatment groups according to the rearing system, and each treatment group was replicated five times with four subjects in each replicate (20 rabbits per treatment-group). All rabbits fed the same diet as pelleted, and under FR system, no additional feeds were available to animals. Results: Rearing system had significant effect on rabbit growth performance, where CS group resulted in higher final body weight (p<0.045) and gain (p<0.029) and better feed efficiency (p<0.025) compared to FR rabbits. Most carcass traits were not affected by rearing system; however, a reduction of abdominal fat content (p<0.015) and meat lipids (p<0.034) was observed in FR rabbits. Rearing system had no effects on meat fatty acid profile, whereas meat from FR rabbits resulted less susceptible to lipid and protein oxidation compared to caged animals. Conclusion: In overall, FR system could be suggested as a substitute for conventional caged system because of FR system preserved rabbit meat from oxidation.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2003

본 연구는 산란종계 육성 사료 내의 에너지 및 단백질 수준이 육성기 성장에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 실시하였다 .8일령의 Hy-Line Variety Brown 갈색 산란종계 암평아리 360수를 5개 처리에 처리당 4반복, 반복당 18수씩 완전 임의 배치하여 에너지와 단백질 수준이 다른 실험 사료를 9주간 급여하였다 .실험 기간 중 2주 간격으로 사료섭취량과 공시계의 생체중, 정강이 길이를 개체별로 측정하였고, 성장 균일도를 조사하였다. 실험 종료 시에 반복별로 평균체중에 해당하는 개체를 2수씩 희생시킨 후 우측 경골을 적출하여 경골 중량, 길이, 파쇄 강도 및 경골 내 회분 함량 등을 조사하였다 .실험종료 시, 증체량과 정강이 길이에서는 대조구에 비해 단백질 함량을 증가시킨 처리구에서 유의하게 증가하는 (P<0.05) 결과가 관찰되었다 사료섭취량에서는 처리간에 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 경골 길이 및 중량은 성장 성적의 증가와 상응해 증가하는 결과가 관찰되었고, 경골 강도 및 경골 내 회분 함량 역시 에너지 및 단백칠 수준의 증가에 따라 증가하는 결과 (P<0.05) 가 나타났다. 성장 균일도는 에너지 및 단백질 수준이 높은 처리구에서 실험 종료시인 10주째 증가하는 경향이 관찰되었으나, 처리간에 통계적 유의성 있는 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 본 연구에서 국내의 산란종계 병아리의 육성에서 NRC(1994) 사양표준의 권장 수준보다 대사에너지와 단백질 수준을 높인 육성 사료 또는 종계회사의 권장 수준에 가까운 에너지 및 단백질 수준의 육성 사료가 산란종계 병아리의 성장에 가장 적합한 영양 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 즉 Phase I 은 에너지 2800 ∼ 2950 kcal/kg, 단백질 19% 정도인 T3 구가 육성초기 가장 적합한 영양수준이고, Phase II에서도 T3, 즉 에너지 2800 ∼ 2950 kcal/kg, 단백질 16%수준이 가장 육성중기 병아리 발달에 가장 적합한 영양수준인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.165-175
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• 2017

본 연구는 하절기에 지속적으로 발생하는 고수온, 적조와 같은 피해를 최소화하기 위한 방안으로 해상가두리 ($6m{\times}6m{\times}6m$) 절식 사육을 통해 참돔의 생존율, 성장, 성장 회복 그리고 생리반응을 조사하였다. 6주간의 절식 후 4주간의 먹이 공급을 통한 연구결과 생존율은 섭식구 94.4%, 절식구 98.1%로 나타났다. 체중 성장률은 절식구에서 $-12.4{\pm}3.2%$ 성장을 보여 체중의 유의한 감소를 보였지만, 먹이 공급 후 $36.7{\pm}6.8%$의 빠른 성장 회복을 나타냈다. 혈액분석을 통한 절식구의 영양상태 또한 섭식구에 비해 유의하게 감소하였지만 먹이 공급 후 개시 시 수준으로 빠르게 회복하였다. 또한 스트레스 지표를 분석한 결과 절식기간 섭식구의 Hb, Ht의 수치가 증가하였으며, 섭식구의 급격한 혈액성상의 변화는 하절기 해상가두리 환경에서 절식구보다 섭식구가 스트레스에 더 민감한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 생존율, 성장 회복, 혈액성상을 통한 결과를 토대로, 고수온과 적조에 노출되는 하절기에 피해를 최소화하기 위한 가두리 양식어류 관리 방안으로 일정기간 절식이 활용 가능할 것으로 여겨진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.559-568
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• 2012

White (Lohmann LSL) and Brown (ATAK-S) laying hens, were reared under organic and conventional cage rearing systems, and the effects of the rearing system on performance parameters, egg production, egg characteristics, and immune response were investigated. For this purpose, a total of 832 laying hens of two commercial hybrids, i.e., 416 white (Lohmann LSL) and 416 Brown (ATAK-S) layers, were used. The experiment lasted between 23 and 70 wk of age. In this study, the white layers yielded more eggs as compared to the brown layers in both organic and conventional production systems. Egg weight exhibited a similar pattern to that of laying performance. However, the total hen-housed egg number for the white birds in the organic system was fewer than that of white birds in the conventional cage facility; conversely, a contradictory tendency was observed for the brown birds. Livability of the white layers in the organic system was remarkably lower (14%) than that of the brown line, whereas the white line survived better (3.42%) than their brown counterparts in conventional cages. The feed conversion ratio of the white hens was markedly inferior in the organic system as compared to that of the white hens in the conventional system, whereas relatively lower deterioration was reported in brown layers when reared in an organic system. The organic production system increased egg albumen height and the Haugh unit in eggs of the brown layers. The yolk color score of organic eggs was lower than that of conventional eggs for both brown and white hens. The egg yolk ratio of eggs from white layers was found to be higher in organic eggs as compared to those obtained in the conventional system. All organic eggs had heavier shells than those produced in the conventional system. Eggs from brown layers had more protein content than eggs from white layers. Neither housing systems nor genotype influenced egg yolk cholesterol concentration. When compared to conventional eggs, n-3 fatty acid content was lower in organic eggs, and the n-6:n-3 ratio was higher in organic eggs. In conclusion, two hen genotypes showed different responses in terms of performance and egg quality to two different rearing systems. A commercial white strain produced more eggs with higher egg quality as compared to a native brown strain. The brown strain was found to have adapted well to organic production conditions when survival and total egg number was taken into consideration.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 1998

Growth performance and excretions of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were investigated with carp (Cyprinus carpio) with carp (Cyprinus carpio) grower fed a low pollution diets (A and B) and commercial ones (Com-1 and Com-2). A recirculated rearing system (Exp. I) and a floating net cage system (Exp. II) were employed for two feeding trials in which fish having an initial body weight of 152g and 193g were fed for 41 an 39 days, respectively. The highest weight gain, daily growth rate and protein efficiency ratio were found (P<0.05) in fish fed diet A containing 10% fish meal and 2% monocalcium phosphate (MCP) for both experiments. They also showed the lowest feed conversion ratio and daily feeding ration among treatments. Fish fed diet B containing 10% fish meal, 5% fish protein concentrate and 1% MCP showed weight gain and FCR more improved (P<0.05) than those fed commercial diets. In all groups, whole body cmpositions were not greatly different among treatment, and protein and P contents in final fish ranged from 14.3 to 15.6% and from 0.39 to 0.48%, respectively. Fish fed diet A excreted the least N which were 38.3 in Exp. I and 39.6g/kg gain in Exp. II. However, the values found in fish fed two commercial diets amounted to 59.1 and 58.9g, respectively. A significant decrease in P excretion was also found in fish groups fed diets A and B. In Exp. I, a reduction of 53.4% was shown in fish fed diet A, compared to the averaged value (18.5g P/kg gain) of two commercial groups. In Exp. II conducted using the floating net cages, fish fed diet B excreted the least P (8.6g/kg gain) among the treatment, which was followed by fish fed diet A, showing 48.6% reduction compared to the average value (18.5g/kg gain) for fish fed two commercial diets. The present results clearly showed that N and P excretions from fish culture could be significantly reduced by using the low pollution diet.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.886-894
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• 2021

Objective: An experiment was conducted to study the effect of graded concentration of digestible lysine (dLys) on performance of layers fed diets containing sub-optimal level of protein. Methods: Five diets were formulated to contain graded concentrations of dLys (0.700%, 0.665%, 0.630%, 0.593%, and 0.563%), but similar levels of crude protein (15% CP), energy (10.25 MJ ME/kg) and other nutrients. A total of 3,520 hens (26 wk of age) with mean body weight of 1,215+12.65 g were randomly divided into 40 replicate groups of 88 birds in each and housed in an open sided colony cage house. Each diet was offered ad libitum to eight replicates from 27 to 74 wk of age. The performance was compiled at every 28 d and the data for each parameter were grouped into three phases, that is early laying phase (27 to 38 wk), mid laying phase (39 to 58 wk), and late laying phase (59 to 74 wk of age) for statistical analysis. Results: Egg production, egg mass and feed efficiency (feed required to produce an egg) were significantly improved by the dLys level during the early and mid laying phases but not during the late phase. Whereas feed intake was significantly reduced by dLys concentration during mid and late laying phases but not during early laying phase. The egg weight was not affected by dLys concentration in any of the three phases. Conclusion: Based on best fitted statistical models, dietary requirements of dLys worked out to be 0.685%, 0.640%, and 0.586% during early phase, mid phase, and late egg laying phase, respectively. The calculated requirement of dLys for the respective production phases are 727 mg/b/d during the early and mid laying phases and 684 mg/b/d during the late laying phase in diets containing 15% CP.