• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.235-240
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• 2009

The interaction of cadmium (II) ion with quercetin was investigated in aqueous solution at different pH. The quercetin/cadmium stochiometries for cadmium (II) binding have been determined by UV-vis spectrophotometric method. The complexation of Cd(II) ion with 54.72 ${\mu}M$ quercetin (A=1.00793) was formed in 0.2 M $NH_3-0.2$ M $NH_4Cl$ (pH 8.0) buffer solution. 1:1 Cd(II)-complex had a maximum absorbance and showed the bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band of the UV-vis spectra in the alkaline pH when interacted with quercetin in buffer solution. These results suggest that Cd(II)-quercetin complex has the optimal condition of chelation in basic buffer solution.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.2 s.24
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• pp.340-350
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• 1988

This study was carried out to clarify the effect of dietary calcium, casein, and suet on the accumulation of cadmium in mice. It was performed for 30 days, from April 11 to May 10 1988.90 mice were divided into 4 experimental groups and control group with 6 mice each dietary group, and measured survival rate, body weight, and weight ratio of organ to body. The contents of cadmium in liver, kidney, spleen, muscle and skin with hair, and feces were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer after sacrifice by anesthesia. After 30 days, the survival rate of control group was loot,, but 66.7% in group IV(basal diet+Cd+Ca) with single dose of $100{\mu}g$ cadmium and with free-intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium, and group V(basal diet+Cd+suet) with free-intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. The rate of weight gain in the case of single dose of $100{\mu}g$ cadmium was highest in group IV as 42.3% and lowest in group V as 26.0%, whereas in the cases of free intake group W was highest as 24.0% and group II(basal diet+Cd) was lowest as 11.6%. The body weight, in the case of single dose of $100{\mu}g$ cadmium showed no increase until 5th day after acute poisoning. But in the case of free intake group, it showed very slight increase through all the breeding period. The weight ratio of organ to body were lowest in the liver of group II in both occasions. The most of cadmium adminstered. were excreted through feces within 2 days after single dose of $100{\mu}g$ cadmium. The contents of cadmium in each group were significantly higher than those of control group. In the liver, kidney, spleen and muscle, group II showed the highest level in both occasions of $100{\mu}g$ single dose and free intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. In the skin with hair, group ll of the occasion with single dose of $100{\mu}g$ and group V with free intake showed the highest level. And the contents of cadmium in tissue were markedly higher in the occasion of free intake of water containing 50ppm cadmium. From the above results I would conclude that the addition of casein and calcium are effective in the inhibition of intesitnal absorption of cadmium esp. by calcium.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-37
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• 1969

A new organic reagent, 1-isonicotynyl-2-furfurylidene hydrazine synthesized from isonicotinic acid hydrazid and furfural, gives yellow liquid with cadmium (II). Cadmium complex of the reagent is soluble in water with yellow coloration. The complex has a maximum absorption at 363 m${\mu}$ and molar ratio of cadmium to reagent was estimated as 1:1 by continuous variation method and slope method. Molecular extinction coefficient and apparent formation constant of this complex was spectrophotometrically determined. K=4.48 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ (Babko's method) K=1.33 $\times$ 10$^{3}$ (Anderson's method)

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.173-186
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• 2003

The transition metal cadmium is a serious occupational and environmental toxin. To inhibit cadmium-induced damage, cells respond by increasing the expression of genes that encode stress-responsive proteins. The metal-regulatory transcription factor 1 (MTF-1) is a key regulator of heavy-metal induced transcription of metallothionein-I and II and other genes in mammals and other metazoans. Transcriptional activation of genes by MTF-1 is mediated through binding to metal-responsive elements in the target gene promoters. Phosphorylation of MTF-1 plays a critical role in the cadmium-inducible transcriptional activation of metallothionein and other responses. Studies using inhibitors indicate that multiple kinases and signal transduction cascades, including those mediated by protein kinase C, tyrosine kinase and casein kinase II, are essential for cadmium-mediated transcriptional activation. In addition, calcium signaling is also involved in regulating metal-activated transcription. In several species, cadmium induces heat shock genes. Recently much progress has been made in elucidating the cellular machinery that regulates this metal-inducible gene expression. This review summarizes these recent advances in understanding the role of some known cadmium-responsive genes and the molecular mechanisms that activate metal-responsive transcription factor, MTF-1.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.161-167
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• 1996

An investigation was made of possible ways in which one could control the relative rates of cadmium deposition and hydrogen evolution by binary additive systems. Benzyl alcohol was employed as an additives due to its ability to form a hydrophobic film which inhibit the electroreduction of water to form hydrogen. The second additive was chosen to make the cadmium(II) ion less hydrophilic and increase its ability to cross the hydrophobic benzyl alcohol film and be electrodeposited at the cathode. It was shown by voltammetric and current efficiency studies that ion pairing and complexing additives could be used to accelerate the reduction of cadmium in the presence of the benzyl alcohol film. It was also shown that the benzyl alcohol film lowered the dielectric constant of the solution near the electrode enough to obtain ion pairing between the sodium ion and the negative chloride complex of cadmium and accelerate the reduction of the cadmium. This acceleration did not occur in the sulfate solution in the absence of chloride since cadmium(II) is primarily present as a positive aquo complex and ion pairing, if it occured, would not accelerate but would hinder reduction of cadmium.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2010

The interaction of cadmium (II) ion with quercetin, qurecitrin and (+)-catechin was investigated in aqueous solution at various pH. The flavonoid/cadmium stochiometries for cadmium (II) binding to flavonoid have been determined by UV-visible spectroscopy. 1:1 Cd(II)-Flavonoid complex had a maximum absorbance and showed the bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band of the UV-vis spectra in the alkaline pH, that occurs upon complexation, is due to a ligand-tometal charge transfer. The optimal concentration of Cd(II)-flavonoid complexes showed that complexation reaction could be classified in the following way: 55.27 ${\mu}M$ catechin > 54.72 ${\mu}M$ quercetin > 53.52 ${\mu}M$ quercitrin at the chelating site level. These results suggest that Cd(II)-flavonoid complex has the optimal condition of chelation in 0.2 M $NH_3$ - 0.2 M $NH_4Cl$ (pH 8.0) solution.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.2 s.177
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• pp.103-109
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• 2006

Batch adsorption experiments were performed to adsorb cadmium [Cd(II)], copper [Cu(II)], and lead [Pb(II)] onto sphagnum peat moss. According to the results, 10-50 mg/L of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) were effectively adsorbed and removed within 1 h by 1.0 g/L of sphagnum peat moss. The amounts of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) adsorbed on sphagnum peat moss increased with increasing the initial concentrations. The kinetics for the adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II) on sphagnum peat moss was described well using the pseudo-second order model at different initial concentrations. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir isotherm for Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(III) were 33.90, 29.15, and 91.74 mg/g, respectively. Experimental results showed that sphagnum peat moss was a very effective adsorbent on the adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II), and Pb(II).

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2001

Determination of cadmium(II) ion with a perfluorinated sulfonated polymer-ethylenediamine(nafion-en) modified glassy carbon electrode was studied. It was based on the chemical reactivity of an immobilized layer(nafion-en) to yield complex $[Cd(en)_2]^{2+}$. The reduction peak potential by differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) was observed at $-0.780({\pm}0.005)V$ vs. As/AgCl. The linear calibration curve was obtained in cadmium(II) ion concentration range $5.0{\times}10^{-7}-2.0{\times}10^{-5}M$, and the detection limit(3s) was $2.20{\times}10^{-7}M$. The detection limit of nafion-en modified glassy carbon electrode has been shown about 14 higher sensitivity than a bare glassy carbon electrode.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.426-433
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• 2008

The interaction of cadmium (II) ion with protocatechuic acid ($H_3PA$) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were investigated in aqueous solution at different pH. The protocatechuic acid and EDTA/cadmium stochiometries for cadmium (II) binding have been determined by UV-vis spectrophotometric method. The complexation of Cd (II) ion with protocatechuic acid was formed in solution. Among the two potential sites of chelation present in the protocatechuic acid structure, the carboxylic function presents higher complexation power toward Cd (II). 1 : 1 Cd (II)-complex had a maximum absorbance and showed the bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band of the UV-vis spectra in the alkaline pH when interacted with protocatechuic acid in 0.2 M $NH_3$ - 0.2 M ${NH_4}Cl$ (pH 8.0) buffer. These results suggest that Cd $({H_2}PA)^+$ complex has the optimal condition of chelation in buffer solution at 64.22 ${\mu}M$ protocatechuic acid (A=1.01455).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

Cytotoxicity of cadmium on NIH 3T3 fibroblasts was utilized in order to discover antitoxic compound in Galgeuntang extract in this study. Treatment groups were chosen as follows; control (medium only), $MTT_{50}$ group and five experimental groups. MTT {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazoliumbromide} method was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of cell organelles and $IC_{50}$ was also measured. Accordingly we have examined the detoxification effects of Galgeuntang extract on cadmium-treated NIH 3T3 fibroblasts to observe morphological changes by the light microscopy. Galgeuntang extract showed cytoprotective effects on cadmium-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, Galgeuntang showed a dose-dependency in detoxication. The phenolic content of Galgeuntang ethanol extract was higher than that of water content. These results suggest that Galgeuntang extract may be used as a cytoprotective agent against cadmium (II)-mediated cytotoxicity.