• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.252-258
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• 1998

A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of deletion of P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn, or Se from mineral premix in the diets containing $40\%$ fish meal on growth performance of juvenile Korean rockfish. Three replicate groups of the fish initially averaging 5.4 g were fed the experimental diets deleted one ot each mineral (P, Ca, Zn, Mg, Fe, K, Mn, Se or all) in the mineral premix for 9 weeks. A basal diet with fish meal ($40\%$), meat meal ($9\%$), soybean meal ($5\%$), corngluten meal ($3\%$), and leather meal ($3\%$) as protein sources were included. Weight gain in fish fed diets deleted Ca, Zn, K, or Se was lower than that of control diet ( P<0.05). Daily feed intake, condition factor, hepatosomatic index and liver chemical composition were not affected by dietary mineral premixes (P>0.05). Apparent skeletal deformities were not observed in the diets deleted each mineral, The data obtained in this study indicate that each of the Ca, Zn, K, or Se should be added in the diet contained $40\%$ fish meal for normal growth of Korean rockfish.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2007

Zn is an essential nutrient that is required in humans and animals for many physiological functions, including immune and antioxidant function, growth, and reproduction. The present study evaluated whether Zn deficiency would negatively affect bone-related enzyme, ALP, and other bone-related minerals (Ca, P and Mg) in rats. Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to one of the three different Zn dietary groups, such as Zn adequate (ZA, 35 mg/kg), pair fed (PF, 35 mg/kg), Zn deficient (ZD, 1 mg/kg) diet, and fed for 10 weeks. Food intake and body weight were measured daily and weekly, respectively. ALP was measured by spectrophotometry and mineral contents were measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass, spectrophotometer (ICP-MS). Zn deficient rats showed decreased food intake and body weight compared with Zn adequate rats (p<0.05). Zn deficiency reduced ALP activity in blood (RBC, plasma) and the tissues (liver, kidney and small intestine) (p<0.05). Also, Zn deficiency reduced mineral concentrations in rat tissues (Ca for muscle and liver, and Mg for muscle and liver) (p<0.05). The study results imply the requirement of proper Zn nurture for maintaining bone growth and formation.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate and assess the composition of mineral and macronutrient contents in Korean cow′s milk.48 individual farm raw milk, 10 plant raw milk and 29 market milk were collected from June to August in 2003. The minerals such as calcium(Ca), potassium(K), magnesium(Mg), sodium(Na), zinc(Zn), iron(Fe) and phosphorus(P) were determined by using atomic absorption spectrometer(AAS). The macronutrients such as fat, protein and lactose were tested by using IR spectrometer. The obtained analytical results of minerals(mg/100 g) and rnaetronutrients (％) are as follows：1. In case of raw cow′s milk ； Ca 113.56, K 144.09, Mg 10.86, Na 42.53, Zn 0.42, Fe 0.030, p 113.32, fat 3.85, protein 3.08, lactose 4.80,2. In case of market cow′s milk ; Ca 103.04, K 142.46, Mg 10.27, Na 43.21, Zn 0.40, Fe 0.034. p 97.30, fat 3.78, protein 3.05, lactose 4.70,3. In case of fortified market cow′s milk ; Ca 165.40, K 145.79, Mg 10.57. Na 42.55, Zn 0.57, Fe 0.414, p 94.68, fat 3.74, protein 3.08, lactose 4.68,4. In case of processed market cow′s milk ; Ca 134.72, K 142.74, Mg 10.33, Na 45.07, Zn 0.50, Fe 0.650, p 92.48, fat 3.72, protein 3.07, lactose 4.74. According to the group of market milk(milk, fortified market row′s milk, processed market cow′s milk), the mean concentration of Ca and Fe were significantly higher in fortified and processed milk than milk(p<0.05). There were no significant differences in macronutrient(fat, protein, lactose) and mineral contents between pasteurized milk and UHT(ultra high temperature) treated milk($\alpha$=0.05). The labeled "Nutritional Facts" of market milk were satisfied with "Labeling Standards for Livestock Products of Korea". The measured mean concentrations of Ca, Fe, Zn were generally higher than lower limit of labeled value(above 80% of labeled value). The mean concentration of sodium was lower than upper limit of labeled value(below 120％ of labeled value).

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.247-251
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate tissue nutrient contents and salt accumulation in plastic house soils cultivating lily, rose and carnation. The soil tested had high total salts, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium. The soil cultivating rose had highest salt concentvation followed by chose of carnation and lily. Tissue nutrient contents of lily were higher than chose of carnation and rose. In comparison among cultivars, the nutrient contents were as follows; 'Snow Qeen'>'Le Reve'>'Casa Blanca' in lily; 'Marina'>'Super star'>'Mary Devor'>'Madelon' in carnation; and 'Cocktail'> 'Marina'>'Maderon' in rose. The range of the nutrient contents were: T-N: $1.66\;{\sim}2.35%$, K: $1.73{\sim}2.23%$, Zn: $2.13{\sim}6.43\;mg/kg$, Cu: $3.79{\sim}13.89\;mg/kg$ in carnation; T-N: $0.79{\sim}1.65%$, P: $0.18{\sim}0.44%$, Ca: $0.59{\sim}1.26%$, Mg: $0.21{\sim}0.46%$, Zn: $23.65{\sim}90.30\;mg/kg$, Cu: $0.99{\sim}4.62\;mg/kg$ in lily; and T-N: $0.75{\sim}1.62%$, P: $0.17{\sim}0.30%$, K: $1.60{\sim}2.91%$, Ca: $0.64{\sim}0.94%$, Zn: $24.57{\sim}48.31\;mg/kg$, Cu: $3.10{\sim}9.08\;mg/kg$ in rose. The amount of nutrients uptake per plant was high in order of: K > T-N > Ca > Mg in lily; and T-N > K > Ca > P > Mg in rose.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.1017-1024
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• 2000

Effect of the microwave dielectric properties and the microstructure on a mole fraction(x=0.1~0.9) of (1-x)Mg$_2$SiO$_4$-xZnAl$_2$O$_4$ ceramics was investigated. When (1-x)Mg$_2$SiO$_4$-xZnAl$_2$O$_4$(x=0.1~0.9) ceramics were sintered at 130$0^{\circ}C$, 135$0^{\circ}C$ and 140$0^{\circ}C$ for 2hr, the microwave dielectric properties were obtained $\varepsilon$r=6.8~8.3, Q.f$_{0}$=36000~77600. On the other hand, the temperature coefficients of resonant frequency($\tau$$_{f}$) were obtained in the properties of -62ppm/$^{\circ}C$ to -49ppm/$^{\circ}C$. In order to adjust the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency($\tau$$_{f}$), CaTiO$_3$was added in (1-x)Mg$_2$SiO$_4$-xZnAl$_2$O$_4$ceramics. 0.7Mg$_2$SiO$_4$-0.2ZnAl$_2$O$_4$-0.1CaTiO$_3$ceramics sintered at 135$0^{\circ}C$ for 2hr showed the excellent microwave dielectric properties of $\varepsilon$r=7.7, Q.f$_{0}$=32000, and $\tau$$_{f}$=-7.9 ppm/$^{\circ}C$.EX>.>.EX>.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.326-336
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• 1991

Present study was to investigate the effect of dietary vegetable sources such as carrot, peahull and squash on mineral balance of Na, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mg in mice. It would also determine if the kind, level and feeding period of vegetables can affect the mineral balance. One hundred and thirty mice weighing $29{\sim}30g$(8 weeks of age) were randomly selected. Ten mice were fed their standard diet, and the others were divided into three experimental groups that were fed standard diet supplemented with carrot, peahull and squash. Mineral intake and urinary and fecal excretion of minerals were measured to investigate the effect of the kind, level and feeding period of vegetables on absorption rate and balance of minerals. Body-weight gain was increased in high peahull diet group compared to the control. No significant difference was observed for feed efficiency ratios between different experimental groups and urine volume was increased by vegetable fed group. Na, Ca, Fe, and Cu intake were lower in high squash-diet fed soup. K intake was higher in carrot fed mice, and Zn, and Mg intake were higher in peahull fed mice. Absorption rate and balance of mineral in control group resulted in positive balance while experimental groups showed negative. The kind of vegetable, feeding level and feeding period affected the intake of Na, K, Ca, Cu and absorption rate of Cu, Zn and balance of K, Cu, Zn to negative. In spite of the higher intake of t Zn and Mg, in experimental groups the absorption rate showed negative balance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.15-15
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.77-77
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• 1997

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.347-353
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• 2011

There is thixo-extrusion to form high strength aluminum alloy. But, it is a problem that grains become grain coarsening during reheating process because the alloy was exposed at high temperature. In order to solve grain growth during reheating process, calcium was added in Al-Zn-Mg alloys. Primary a grain sizes of semi-solid Al-Zn-Mg-(0, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.9, wt.%)Ca were measured with image analyzer after reheating. Measured primary a grain sizes were applied to LSW(Lifshitz-Slyozov and Wagner) equation to check the effect of Ca on grain coarsening. Coarsening rate constant K values of semi-solid Al-Zn-Mg-(0, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.9, wt.%)Ca alloys were $371\;mm^3s^{-1}$, $247\;mm^3s^{-1}$, $198\;mm^3s^{-1}$ and $166 mm^3s^{-1}$, respectively. As increasing calcium content, K value decreased which means grains are refined. Also, grains of calcium addition were more spherical than that of calcium free.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.154-154
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• 1993

A factorial experiment was conducted to determine the influence of phytate(0 or 10g/kg diet) and calcium (Ca)(3 or 10g/kg diet) intakes on Ca, P and Zn metabolism by growing female rats. Food intake and weight were similar for the all groups, however, phytate ingestion for six weeks depressed femur growth. The low Ca plus phytate group showed the lowest Ca content of total femur and this was related to a significant decrease of Ca retention. Phytate intake depressed zinc(Zn) absorption in the first metabolic collection. This inhibitory effect of phytate on Zn absorption was improved in the low Ca plus phytate group after several weeks. Impared Zn absorption however remained in the high Ca plus phytate group which was reflected in the lowest Zn content of femur, phytate intake with high Ca also depressed phosphorous(P) absorption and serum and urinary P. These adverse effects of phytate on Zn and P absorption when the dietary Ca was high could explain reduced femur weight despite the highest concentration of femur Ca(mg/g ash) in this group. Results suggest that phytate can adversely affect not only Ca metabolism but Zn and P utilization. Thus, for the normal bone growth when phytate intake is high, the ingesion of Ca, P, Zn and other minerals should be enhanced.