• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.421-426
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• 1988

한강의 지천으로부터 채취한 시료에서 29종의 아닐린 분해 균주를 분리선발하였다. 분리 균주중 10, 균주에 대하여 동정 시험하여 본 결과 9균주는 Pseudomonas 속이었고 한 균주는 Acinetobacter 속이었다. 전체 29균주중 plasmid를 갖고 있는 균주는 모두 5종이었으며 이들 5균주중 4균주는 meta 경로를 통하여 아닐린을 분해 이용하였고 나머지 한 균주는 ortho 경로를 통하여 아닐린을 분해하였다. meta 경로 이용 균주의 하나인 Pseudomonas acidovorans 4A1은 230kb 크기의 plasmid를 갖고 있었으며, 접합실험과 curing 실험을 통하여 이 plasmid에 아닐린 분해 유전 정보가 수록되었을 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-71
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• 1995

소맥 종자의 발아 과정중 strontium의 생리적 작용을 규명하기 위해 초엽, 종근 및 배유에서의 free amine의 함량변화가 측정되었다. $GA_3$를 포함한 배양액에 strontium 농도의 증가는 종근에서의 putrescine과 초엽에서의 spermidine의 축적을 현저히 유발하였다. $10\;{\mu}M$ 정도의 저농도에서도 strontium에 의한 putrescine 증가는 뚜렷한 반면, spermidine 증가는 10 mM의 고농도 처리에서 현저했다. 종근 생장을 억제하는 1mM 내지 10mM의 strontium 농도에서, g 생체중당 putrescine 수준은 동일농도 calcium 처리에서 보다 각각 22.4배와 15.3배 높았다. 특히 putrescine과 spermidine 증가에 의한 총 free amine 수준의 중가는 생체중 대비 뿐만이 아닌 RNA 함량 대비에서도 중요한 생리적 반응으로 보여졌다. Strontium과 대조적으로 고농도 calcium (10 mM) 처리는 초엽과 종근에서의 agmatine과 cadaverine 함량의 증가를 유발했다. Cadaverine은 calcium을 처리했을 경우에만 검출되었다. 그러나 $1\;{\mu}M$ 에서 1 mM 수준의 calcium 처리는 총 free amine 함량의 감소를 가져왔다. Strontium과 calcium 존재하에서의 발아과정중 축적되는 amine 종류의 차이와 총 free amine 중 diaminine 비율과 총 free amine 중 Polyamine 비율의 변화는 strontium과 calcium 간의 생리적 대사반응의 차이중 하나로 판단되었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.396-403
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• 2011

Ceramides (Cer) comprise the major constituent of sphingolipids in the epidermis and are known to play diverse roles in the outermost layers of the skin including water retention and provision of a physical barrier. In addition, they can be hydrolyzed into free sphingoid bases such as $C_{18}$ sphingosine (SO) and $C_{18}$ sphinganine (SA) or can be further metabolized to $C_{18}$ So-1-phosphate (S1P) and $C_{18}$ Sa-1-phosphate (Sa1P) in keratinocytes. The significance of ceramide metabolites emerged from studies reporting altered levels of SO and SA in skin disorders and the role of S1P and Sa1P as signaling lipids. However, the overall metabolism of sphingoid bases and their phosphates during keratinocyte differentiation remains not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed these Cer metabolites in the process of keratinocyte differentiation. Three distinct keratinocyte differentiation stages were prepared using 0.07 mM calcium (Ca$^{2+}$) (proliferation stage), 1.2 mM Ca$^{2+}$ (early differentiation stage) in serum-free medium, or serum-containing medium with vitamin C (50 ${\mu}L$/mL) (late differentiation stage). Serum-containing medium was also used to determine whether vitamin C increases the concentrations of sphingoid bases and their phosphates. The production of sphingoid bases and their phosphates after hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Compared to cells treated with 0.07 mM Ca$^{2+}$, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were not altered after treatment with 1.2 mM Ca$^{2+}$. However, in keratinocytes cultured in serum-containing medium with vitamin C, levels of SO, SA, S1P, and SA1P were dramatically higher than those in 0.07- and l.2-mM Ca$^{2+}$-treated cells; however, compared to serum-containing medium alone, vitamin C did not significantly enhance their production. Taken together, we demonstrate that late differentiation induced by vitamin C and serum was accompanied by dramatic increases in the concentration of sphingoid bases and their phosphates, although vitamin C alone had no effect on their production.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.327-333
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• 1997

본 연구는 도토리추출물이 고지방을 섭취한 흰쥐의 체내 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시되었다. 실험동물은 Sprague-Dawley종 수컷 흰쥐를 사용하였으며 도토리추출물은 체중 100g당 0.02g을 매일 일정시각 경구투여하였고 대조군은 생리식염수를 투여하였다. 실험식이는 기본식이의 전분량을 40.9%로 줄이고 lard를 9.1% 첨가하여 6주간 실험에 임하였다. 체중 100g당 간과 성장의 무게는 고지방 섭취시 증가 되었으며 신장의 무게는 감소되었는데, 도토리 추출물 투여시 정상식이군과 유사한 수준으로 회복되었다. 혈청 중 TL과 TG 및 PL 함량은 고지방 섭취시 유의적으로 증가하였으나, 도토리추출물 투여로 증가 정도가 억제되었는데, 특히 물추출물 효과가 현저하게 나타났다. 본 실험에서 도토리추출물 투여시 혈중의 TL 함량이 유의적으로 감소된 것은 TG보다 TC 함량 감소에 기인된 것으로 도토리추출물의 성분이 체내 콜레스테롤 대사에 영향을 미친 때문으로 사료된다. 반면 HDL-콜레스테롤 함량은 고지방 섭취로 인해 유의적으로 감소되었으나 도토리추출물 투여로 회복되었으며, 고지방 섭취로 상승된 동맥경화 지수가 도토리추출물 투여시 낮아지는 것을 관찰하였다. 간조직 중의 TL, TG 및 TC 함량 역시 고지방 섭취로 유의적으로 증가되므로써 혈액에서와 유사한 결과를 나타낸 반면, PL 함량은 유의적으로 감소되었다. 도토리추출물 투여시 간조직 중의 TL과 TG 및 PL 함량은 증가되었으나 유의적이지는 않았으며, TC 함량은 유의적으로 감소되었다. 또한 고지방 섭취시 도토리추출물 투여가 TL 함량에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 TG와 TC 함량은 유의적으로 감소되었으며, 고지방섭취로 감소된 PL 함량은 정상 수준으로 회복되었다. 이상의 결과에서 도토리추출물은고 지방 섭취로 유발된 고지혈중이나 지방간을 예방 및 치료에 효과적이며, 특히 물추출물 투여가 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.가 되었으며 10% 이하(以下)의 극내병계류(極耐病系統)이 3.4%나 점유(占有)하였고, 조명나방 평균(平均) 발생율(發生率)은 8%, 변이폭(變異幅)은 $0{\sim}17$%로 다양(多樣)하였다. 7. 1000립중(粒重)은 개화(開花) 소요일수(所要日數)와 초장(草長) 그리고 성숙립수(成熟粒數)와 등숙율(登熟率)과는 고도(高度)의 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 보였으나 잎마름병 발생율(發生率)과 조명나방 발생율(發生率)과는 5%의 유의(有意)한 부상관(負相關)를 보였다. 농도가 감소되었을 때, ATPase 활성은 증가하였다. 위의 조건에서 실제 마이크로솜 내부로의 $Ca^{2+}$ 유입 여부는 $‘Ca^{2+}’$를 이용하여 확인하였다. 이상의 결과는 마이크로솜 막에 위치한 ATPase의 내부 및 외부에 $Ca^{2+}$에 의한 효소활성 조절부위가 각각존재함을 시사한다. $10{\sim}11.99\;ppm$, 14품종(21.5%)이 $12{\sim}13.99\;ppm$, 9품종(13.8%)이 $14{\sim}15.99\;ppm$, 10품종(15.4%)이 $16{\sim}17.99\;ppm$, 4품종(6.2%)이 $18{\sim}19.99\;ppm$, 5품종(7.7%)이 $20{\sim}29.99\;ppm$, 3품종(4.6%)이 30 ppm 이상이었다. 전반적으로 일본에서 육성된 품종이 구미에서 육성되어 보급되고 있는 품종들에 비해 total terpenoids 함량이 낮은 편이었다.이 크므로 고혈압 환자를 대상으로 한 추후 연구를 통하여 두 제형간 강압효과 차이의 규명이 필요하리라 사료된다. 환자 중 총 6명에서 관찰되었다. 기침이 5명으로 가장 흔하였고, 오심이 2명, 그 외 구토, 열감, 부종,

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.860-865
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• 2006

본 연구는 주정과 구연산을 처리한 대멸분말과 함께 식이성 칼슘소재가 SD계 흰쥐의 칼슘대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 실험식이는 대델분말의 칼슘함량을 고려하여 식이중의 칼슘함량이 0.1%가 되도록 semi-purified diet(AIN-diet, 1977)에 건조대별분말을 첨가한 대조군(C), 주정-구연산처 리군(EC), 주정-구연산+CPPS처리군(ECC), 젖산칼슘첨가군(CL) 및 인산칼슘침가군(CP)으로처리하여 5주동안 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 증체랑은 EC군이 ECC군과 일반적인 칼슘소재로 이용되는 젖산칼슘군(CL)과 인산칼슘군(CP)에 비해 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05), 식이효율(FER)은 차이가 없었다. 생체내외(in vitro 을 in vivo) 칼슘흡수율은 CPP를 처리한 ECC군이 각각 20.4%,28.4%로 실험군중 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 혈당치는 CL군(105.7 mg/dL)이 대조군(89.5 mg/dL)보다 유의하게 높았고 (p<0.05), TC농도는 EC군(75.1 mg/dL)이 CP군(65.6 mg/dL)보다 높았으며, TG농도는 CP군(33.5 mg/dL)이 통계적으로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). ALP활성과 057농토는 실험군간 차이가 없이 CL군이 대조군보다 다소 높았다. 혈중 Ca농토는 칼슘흡수율이 가장 낮은 대조군(C)이 10.82 mg/dL로 유의하게 낮았고, EC군과 ECC군이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 대퇴골무게는 CP군이 가장 낮았고(p<0.05),길이는ECC군이 가장 길었다(P<0.05). 골밀도는 CP군$(0.1116\;g/cm^2)$이 가장 낮았던 반면, ECC군$(0.1149\;g/cm^2)$이 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 CPPs를 첨가한 ECC군이 생체내의 칼슘흡수율과 혈중 Ca농도 및 대퇴골의 길이와 밀도 등에 유의한 상승효과를 미친 것으로 나타났다. 향추 본 연구결과는 칼슘흡수율을 높이고 색택의 개선 및 관능이 향상된 기능성제품 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.451-455
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• 1999

The concentrations of L-ascorbic acid (AsA, ascorbate, vitamin C) and its biosynthetic and metabolically-related enzymes such as L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDase), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and ascorbate oxidase (ASO) were investigated in suspension cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis. Cells growing from 4 days after subculture (DAS) to 9 DAS and from 16 DAS to 19 DAS showed a diauxic growth, and then growth rapidly decreased with further culturing. The AsA content slowly increased to 19 DAS, reached a maximum at 21 DAS (ca $120\;{\mu}g/g$ dry cell wt), and then rapidly decreased with further culturing. GLDase and ASO activity were well correlated with the cell growth curve, showing a maximum at 19 DAS, whereas APX activity showed a good correlation with the changes in AsA content, showing a maximum at 21 DAS. The total ascorbate contents (reduced form, AsA, and oxidized form, dehydroascorbate, DHA) were markedly enhanced at 10 DAS when L-galactose and L-galactono-1,4-lactone (25 mM) were added to SH medium supplemented with 20 g/l sucrose at 9 DAS, by 5.5 and 6.8 times, respectively. DHA composed more than 90% of the total ascorbate contents in suspension cultures of S. baicalensis, even though the ratio of reduced to oxidized form slightly varied with cell growth stage. The results indicate that L-galactose and L-galactono-1,4-lactone are effective precursors of AsA in cell cultures of S. baicalensis, and that in vitro cultured cells provide suitable biomaterials for the study of biosynthesis and metabolism of AsA.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.887-895
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dietary boron supplementation and calcium levels on calcium and bone metabolism in ovariectomized female rats. The experimental group classified ovariectomized group(O) and sham operation group (S). The two groups were then each randomly divided into flour sub-groups and fed experimental diets consisting in two levels of calcium and at each level of calcium, there were boron supplemented group and non-supplemented group. Calcium levels were either 0.2%(low calcium group: L) or 1.2%(high calcium group: H). The level of boron in the diet for the boron supplemented groups(B) was 100$\mu\textrm{g}$/g diet. The experimental period was six weeks. The average food intake were not statistically significantly different in all of eight groups. The increase in weights of rats was observed only in ovariectonized and sham control rats(low ca without boron supplemented). The rest of the groups lost weight significantly during the experimental period ranging from 26.94g to 44.34g. Significant higher calcium intakes were observed in high calcium groups, regardless of boron supplementation during experimental period. Urinary calcium excretion was not affected either by ovariectomy or diets on the first, third and sixth week of feeding. Apparent calcium absorption rates were not different among the groups on first week, whereas noticeable increase was observed in low calcium groups at third and sixth weeks. Femur wet and dry weight, and calcium contents of femur were higher in low calcium groups. whereas femur bone density was higher low calcium with boron supplementation groups than low calcium groups. Scapular density did not show any significant differences among all groups. Despite there were no differences in the activities of alkaline phosphatase by boron supplementation, boron supplemetation appeared to cause higher femur density. There results suggest that in both of sham-operated and ovariectomized rats low calcium did not influence greatly bone status of rats and boron increased bone density.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1343-1347
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• 2005

A total of 108 pigs (including 36 starters, 36 growers, and 36 finishers) were randomly allocated to six treatments, which involved a 2 (Crude Protein (CP): 100 and 80% of control diet)${\times}$3 (Ca, P, Salt (CPS): 100, 80 and 60% of control diet) factorial design to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing CP and CPS in reducing wastewater EC in different stages. Another 72 starters were adopted to examine the effect of the six treatment diets (as mentioned above) on the growth performance of pigs. Activated carbon and Reverse Osmosis System (RO) were adopted to examine the reducing efficiency of wastewater EC, and ion analysis was also applied to compare with the wastewater EC in different stages of the metabolism trial. The results of wastewater EC of the six treatment diets in different stages of metabolism trial demonstrated that diminishing dietary CP or CPS decreased wastewater EC. The largest decrease of EC was approximately 30%, and was achieved with 20 and 40% reduced dietary CP and CPS, respectively. Pig growth performance deteriorated somewhat when dietary CP or CPS was diminished. Wastewater ion concentration was not always consistent with dietary CP or CPS content, except for $NO_2^{-}$, $NH_4^{+}$ and $K^{+}$, which were positively correlated with dietary CP or CPS in different stages. Activated carbon is not effective for reducing wastewater EC, while, RO system is effective (90% elimination rate) in reducing wastewater EC, but the EC of concentrated (excreted) water is around 10% higher than that of intact wastewater, representing an additional problem besides the high cost of RO system treatment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.115-126
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• 1995

The effects of energy-yielding substrates on coronary circulation, myocardial oxygen metabolism, and intramyocytic adenylates of perfused Wistar control rat(WC) and spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR) hearts were examined under basal and $\beta$-adrenergic stimulation conditions. The perfusion medium (1.0mM Ca2+) contained 5mM glucose (+5U/l insulin) in combination with 5mM pyruvate, 5mM lacate, 5mM acetate, or 5mM octanoate as energy substrates. Hearts were perfused with each substrate buffer for 20min under basal conditions. Coronary functinal hyperemia was induced by infusing for 20min isoproterenol (ISO, 1uM), a $\beta$-receptor agonist. Cardiac adenylates, glycolytic intermediates, and coronary venous lactate were measured by using an enzymatic analysis technique. Under basal conditions, acetate and octanoate significantly increased coronary flow(CF) of WC in parallel with myocardial oxygen consumption. However, CF of SHR was partly attenuated by coronary vasoconstriction despite metabolic acidosis. In addition, pyruvate and lactate depressd ISO-induced coronary functional hyperemia in SHR. It should be noted that octanoate exhibited coronary dysfunction under ISO conditions. On the other hand, fat substrates depleted myocardial high energy phosphate pool and accumulated breakdown intermediates. In SHR with coronary vasoconstriction under basal conditions, and with depressed coronary functional hyperemia, high energy phosphates were greatly depleted. These results suggest that energy substrates in the myocardium and coronary smooth muscle alter remarkably coronary circulation, and that coronary circulatory function is associated with a reserve of high energy phosphates and a balance between breakdown and nono synthesis of energy phosphates. These findings could be explained by alterations in the cytosolic redox state manipulated by LDH and hence in the cytosolic phosphorylation potential, which might be involved in hypertension of SHR.

• 한국잠사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국잠사학회 1997년도 Progress and Future Development of Sericultural Science and Technology 40th Anniversary Commemoration Symposium
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• pp.51-72
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• 1997

Diapause hormone (DH) is a neuropeptide hormone which is secreted from the suboesophageal ganglion (SG) and is responsible for induction of embryonic diapause of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. DH is isolated from SGs and determined to be a 24 amino acid peptide amide. The cDNA encodes the polyprotein precursor from which DH, pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN) and three other neuropeptides are released and become matured. The C-terminal FXPRL-NH2 sequence of DH is essential but not sufficient for expression of full activity. Recently, we have isolated a unique hydrohobic peptide (VAP peptide) with a slight diapause egg induceing activity from organic solvent extracts of the male adult heads of the silkworm. The VAP peptide itself has no diapause inducing activity, but enhances DH activity through reducing ED50 value and the threshold concentration of DH. The DH-PBAN gene is composed of 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns and is expressed in 12 neurosecretory cells of the SG. The incubation of eggs at 25$^{\circ}C$, which induces embryonic diapause in the progeny, caused DH-PBAN mRNA content to increase at 5 different stages in the life cycle. By contrast, a 15$^{\circ}C$ incubation only induced expression of the gene at the late phrase adult stage. The temperature-controlled expression of DH-PBAN gene is closely correlated to the incidence of diapause, indicating that DH-PBAN gene expression is the initial event leading to diapause induction. DH acts to stimulate trehalase activity in developing ovary to bring about hyprglycogenism in mature eggs, a prerequisite metabolism for diapause initiation. Using in vivo and in vitro systems, DH is clearly shown to induce trehalase gene expression in developing ovaries. New protein synthesis is not needed for this process, but a Ca2+-dependent proteinkinase seems to be involved. Quite recently, we have sucessfully applied a new and potent trehalase inhibitor (Trehazoline) to reudce glycogen content in developing ovaries. The eggs deficient in glycogen were also able to enter diapause as the natural eggs do, so that we could provide the new egg system to reconsider the diapause associated metabolism other than the glycogen-sorbitol metabolic system.