• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.244-254
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• 2011

Purpose: The study was designed to develop an instrument to measure risk factor-related deviant behavior (RFRDB) for the elderly. Methods: The preliminary instrument including 52 items to measure the risk factor-related deviant behavior for the elderly was developed through conceptual framework based literature review. The items were reviewed by experts to reveal the Content Validity Index (CVI). Then, construct validity and reliability were tested using factor analysis, comparative groups, and Cronbach's alpha with data from 233 elderly. Results: Among 52 items, 27 questions in the RFRDB instrument were selected from content validity and 21 questions in the final RFRDB were developed from testing validity and reliability. Results of empirical analysis(retest) of RFRDB were supported by 70% congruity with conceptual framework through literature review. The RFRDB has been completed by validity testing by known-group technique. The final developed RFRDB of the elderly has 21 questions each with a 4-point Likert Scale. Conclusion: The RFRDB may be utilized as a measurement to assess the risk of elderly deviant behavior.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.257-271
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• 2014

Purpose: This methodological study was done to develop a Nursing Competency Measurement Scale based on the clinical ladders of nurses working in wards. Methods: Thirty clinical experts and 501 ward nurses evaluated the content validity of the scale. A survey using the Nursing Competency Measurement Scale was conducted with 114 nurses to evaluate reliability and applicability of the instrument. Data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0. Results: A review of the literature identified 13 components of nursing competencies and 30 core nursing competencies based on each of the 4 grade clinical ladders. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient for the total was .92. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ reliabilities of each clinical ladder grade were .83 for Grade I, .84 for Grade II, .81 for Grade III, and .84 for Grade IV. The Content Validity Index (CVI) of the scale with 120 individual items was 0.976~1.000 for Grade I scale, 0.986~1.000 for Grade II scale, 0.984~1.000 for Grade III scale, and 0.992~1.000 for Grade IV scale. The expert group nurses' average degree of nursing competence measured using the scale was 3.38~3.75 out of 4.0. Conclusion: Through this process, 120 final questions were confirmed to represent items of the Nursing Competency Measurement Scale based on clinical grade.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.378-383
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• 2013

Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CFCCs) have a complex distribution of porosity, consisting of interfiber micro pores and interbundle/interply macro pores. Owing to the complex geometry of the pores and fiber architecture, it is difficult to obtain representative microstructural features throughout the specimen volume with conventional, destructive ceramographic approaches. In this study, we introduce X-ray computed microtomography (X-ray ${\mu}CT$) to nondestructively analyze the microstructures of disk shaped and tubular $SiC_f$/SiC composites fabricated by the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) method. The disk specimen made by stacking plain-woven SiC fabrics exhibited periodic, large fluctuation of porosity in the stacking direction but much less variation of porosity perpendicular to the fabric planes. The X-ray ${\mu}CT$ evaluation of the microstructure was also effectively utilized to improve the fabrication process of the triple-layered tubular SiC composite.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.453-460
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• 2019

To reduce residual pores of composites and obtain a dense matrix, SiC_f/SiC composites were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVI) using SiC nanorods. SiC nanorods were uniformly grown in the thickness direction of the composite preform when the reaction pressure was maintained at 50 torr or 100 torr at 1,100℃. When SiC nanorods were grown, the densities of the composites were 2.57 ~ 2.65 g/㎤, higher than that of the composite density of 2.47 g/㎤ for non-growing of SiC nanorods under the same conditions; grown nanorods had uniform microstructure with reduced large pores between bundles. The flexural strength, fracture toughness and thermal conductivity (room temperature) of the SiC nanorod grown composites were 412 ~ 432 MPa, 13.79 ~ 14.94 MPa·m^1/2 and 11.51 ~11.89 W/m·K, which were increases of 30%, 25%, and 25% compared to the untreated composite, respectively.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2001

Development and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Web-Based Learning System Program for Nursing Education on Peritoneal Dialysis Ji-Soo Yoo(Professor, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea) Seong-Mi Moon(Doctoral Candidate, College of Nursing, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea) The purpose of this study was to develop a nursing education program using a web-based learning system to teach peritoneal dialysis and to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The program was developed in two steps. The first step was to develop the content using CVI, and the second was to program it using HTML. The program which was developed was evaluated with 50 nurses of whom 48 responded to the questionnaire. The results are as follows: Of the subjects, 85.4% responded that they were satisfied with this web-based learning system and 87.5% stated that they would recommend this system to nurses who are in other nursing education programs. Of the educational material charac- teristics, the item that the subjects evaluated as most valuable was "accuracy of the content". For system related charact- eristics, the item to which the subjects gave the most positive response was "clarity of the system tool marking" (81.3%). In conclusion, it was verified that a web-based learning system is an effective and satisfactory method for nursing education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.264-274
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• 2009

Purpose: This study is to develop job standards in order to propose proper job level of the advanced nurse practitioners and apply the results to the work and enhance the expertism. Method: This study is a methodical study. The validity was examined by using the content validity index(CVI). Result: The pre-items of job standards for advanced health insurance review nurses were established and the final job standards comprising of 12 standards, 46 criteria, 92 indicators, 418 activities were determined after the examination by the advisory group. The validity of the job standards were examined for two times by the seven professionals. The relevance of the modified job standards was examined by the working level employees above the assistant manager position working in the general hospitals and the result was 93.14% relevance. The job standards comprising of 12 standards, 46 criteria, 89 indicator and 409 activities were developed. Conclusions: By the development of the job standards, it is expected to prove that advanced health insurance review nurses are the most suitable professionals for dealing with medical affairs such as management and propriety evaluation of medical expenses while defining the roles of advanced health insurance review nurses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.131-143
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop service quality indicators to evaluate structure and process of the nursing home service. Method: On the basis of literature review and analysis of existing quality indicators, the researcher made a preliminary service quality indicators and verified content validity twice. The final service quality indicators were applied in 30 nursing homes. Results: Preliminarily, 3 domains, 24 sub-domains, and 156 indicators were generated. Through two content validity testings, the indicators scoring over .80 CVI for each testing were adopted and modified by discussion with a panel of experts. The final indicators consisted of 3 domains, 15 sub-domains, and 128 indicators. These indicators were applied in 30 nursing homes. The result showed that they were easily applicable and suitable for a evaluation of service quality in nursing home. Conclusion: This 'service quality indicators in nursing home' was verified by the content validity. This tool will be able to be used for evaluation and improvement of nursing home service quality. However, repeated researches are needed for further validity and reliability.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-72
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• 1992

Since the inception of the idea to develop an X-ray laser in 1960's, a rapid progress to demonstrate soft X-ray lasers in the wavelength region below 300$\AA$ has been made during the last ten years. Among many prospective proposals, the recombination scheme and the collisional exitation scheme have been most successful in achieving a significant gain. An appreciable single-pass amplification was achieved at 182 $\AA$ from CVI ions using the recombination scheme and at 206 and 290$\AA$ from the Se XXV ions using the collisional excitation scheme. The current research on X-ray lasers emphasizes the enhancement of amplification upto saturation and the extension of operating wavelength to shorter wavelengths, especially to the water window region between 23 and 44 $\AA$. X-ray lasers are expected to open many application fields, such as X-ray laser microscopy, X-ray holography, X-ray lithography, and more, in the near future.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 2022

We derived a length-weight relationship for Calanus sinicus off Busan, Korea in spring to estimate the biomass of the C. sinicus population around Korean waters, and compared it with the previously derived equations. The developmental stages and prosome length of C. sinicus used in the relationship ranged from 1,376-1,540 ㎛ for copepodite 4 (CIV), 1,753-1,971 ㎛ for copepodite 5 (CV), and 2,160-2,283 ㎛ for adults (CVI). Dry weight and carbon content were measured from a total of 26 replicates. Length-weight relationships derived in the present study are as follows: log C = 3.342 log PL - 9.449, log DW = 3.394 log PL -9.219, where C is carbon content (㎍), DW is dry weight (㎍), and PL is prosome length (㎛). When comparing the present regression equation of length-weight for C. sinicus with the previous one, our regression equation showed an average carbon estimate to a given range of mean prosome length. The length-weight relationship of C. sinicus in the present study can be used to better estimate the biomass of the C. sinicus population in the coastal waters of Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a standardized protocol of systematic and explicit roles and procedures for paramedics for the maternal and newborn management during prehospital emergency delivery situations. Methods: This study is a methodological study with detailed step-by-step items proposed by an expert group based on evidence from a literature review. The content validity of the proposed preliminary prehospital emergency delivery protocol was verified before the final protocol was confirmed. Results: All 23 detailed items of the preliminary protocol met the reference cut-off (CVI value of 0.8 or higher). After considering, revising, and supplementing expert opinions for each of the 23 items 23 detailed in the proposed protocols, four steps were confirmed. The steps included five items for the management of the imminent mother, 10 items for delivery progress, five items for newborn management, and three items for postpartum management of the mother. Conclusion: This study's findings may serve as reference for developing future specialized training programs for paramedics, to ensure enhanced competence in prehospital emergency delivery situations. The protocol should be reviewed and revised periodically to ensure currency.