• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2005

Musculoskeletal Disorders are usually caused or aggravated by poor work processes and unsuitable working conditions - that involve repetitive or forceful movements or the maintenance of constrained or awkward postures. The condition is characterized by discomfort and persistent pain. Case and Demographic Characteristics for Work-related Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away From Work, 2003. U.S" was examined. Causes of musculoskeletal disorders for assembly line workers were carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS), tendonitis, low back pain, and occupational stress. Recommendations of improvement for productivity are redesign of working conditions, exercise, prevent of musculoskeletal disorders and avoiding stress.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2000

Background: There has been few electrophysiologic studies in median proper palmar digital nerve(PPDN). Bar electrode may be a useful tool to evaluate the pathophysiologic state of the distal peripheral nerves. Objectives : To evaluate sensory nerve conduction velocities(NCVs) of median PPDNs in normal controls and carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS) patients by bar electrode, and clarify the usefulness of the bar electrode. Methods : We checked NCV of each median PPDN of thumb(D1), index(D2) and middle finger(D3) in normal controls(68 hands) and CTS patients(95 hands) by bar electrode. The each mean NCV of both groups were compared to find the correlation between them. Results : The mean NCV of each median PPDN in control group were $38.7{\pm}4.2$(D1), $32.0{\pm}4.6$(D2), $34.2{\pm}4.4$(D3) m/sec, and in CTS group were $35.3{\pm}8.9$(D1), $20.2{\pm}5.2$(D2), $20.2{\pm}5.1$(D3) m/sec orderly. There were significant differences between mean NCV of each finger in control group(p=0.0001), but not between each left and right finger(p>0.05). The differences between each mean NCV of control and CTS were significant in all 3 fingers(p=0.0014, 0.0000, 0.0000). Conclusion : Bar electrode is a useful tool to evaluate the pathophysiologic state of the median PPDNs in normal controls and CTS patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1990.04a
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• pp.151-162
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• 1990

Occupational disease among typists such as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome(CTS) and tendonitis has increased along with rapid expansion of office automation. During typing, the posture can be defined as forearm pronation, ulnar abduction, wrist extension and finger flexion. The CTS results from awkward posture between forearm-wrist-hand and the keyboard arrangement. Therefore, ergonomic principles should be emphasized in keyboard design. The objective of the study is to improve keyboard design by analyzing anatomical posture of forearm and hand during typing. An experimental study was performed to investigate relationships between a keyboard and typing performance. Results showed that typing performance is dependent to angles and slopes of a keyboard. Statistical analysis indicated that the suggested ergonomic keyboard improved typing speed significantly(17%).

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.53-64
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• 2004

Repetition Strain Injury (RSI) is usually caused or aggravated by poor work processes and unsuitable working conditions - that involve repetitive or forceful movements or the maintenance of constrained or awkward postures. The condition is characterized by discomfort and persistent pain. There are three essential steps to eliminate or control hazards In workplace. Case and Demographic Characteristics for Work-related Injuries and illnesses Involving Days Away From Work, 2002. U.S' was examined. Causes of press operators' RSI were carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS), tendonitis, low back pain, and occupational stress. Recommendations for improvement of productivity are redesign of working conditions, exercise, prevent of RSI and avoiding stress.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.3-15
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• 2006

Musculoskeletal Disorders are usually caused or aggravated by poor work processes and unsuitable working conditions - that involve or repetitive or forceful movements or the maintenance of constrained or awkward postures. The condition is characterized by discomfort and persistent pain. Case and Demographic Characteristics for Work-related Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away From Work, 2004. U.S" was examined. Causes of musculoskeletal disorders for assembly line workers were carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS), tendonitis, low back pain, and occupational stress. Recommendations of improvement for productivity are redesign of working conditions, exercise, prevent of musculoskeletal disorders and avoiding stress.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.298-309
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• 2023

The mouse as an input device has undoubtedly brought convenience to users due to its intuitiveness and simplicity, but it also brought unprecedented issues such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). As a result, the necessity of alternative input devices that put less strain on the wrist, while still providing the convenience of a conventional mouse, has emerged. Unfortunately, there have been several research about alternative devices to replace a mouse, however, they showed inconsistent results. This study suggests that those inconsistent results may stem from the type and the difficulty of tasks used in previous studies. Therefore, we designed this study to compare the performance and perceived workload of three input devices (Mouse/Trackball/Touchpad) in each condition in terms of task type (Targeting/Tracking) and difficulty level (Easy/Hard). The results indicated that there were significant performance differences and no significant workload differences among the three devices, and the interactions were observed in some conditions. These results can provide users with practical guidelines to choose the optimal input device according to their needs or purpose.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.3-14
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• 1993

손목관증후군(CTS)이란 장기간에 걸쳐 여러가지 의학적, 생리학적, 직업적 요인들에 기인 하여 발생하는 누적외상병(Cumulative Trauma Disorders: CTD)의 대표적인 한 형태이다. 이 증 후근은 1960년에 국제노동기구(ILO)에 의해 직업병으로 인정되었으며 미국을 비롯한 구미각국에 서는 산업체에서 발생하는 작업손실시간및 산업재해보상으로 인한 경비손실에 중요한 요인의 하 나로 규정되어 이에 대한 예방책의 연구가 정부기관, 대학, 연구소, 그리고 산업체를 중심으로 활 발히 이루어지고 있으나, 우리나라에서는 아직 이에 대한 인식및 예방책에 관한 연구가 미흡한 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 직업적 요인을 중심으로 손목관증후군(CTS)의 발병가능성이 높은 직업 및 그 작업조건들을 고찰하고 이의 예방을 위한 연구방안을 다음과 같이 모색하였다. 첫째, 손목 관증후군에 관련된 문헌조사를 통하여 어떠한 직업들이 보다 높은 발병위험에 직면하고 있으며 어 떤 작업조건및 환경적 요인들이 손목관증후군(CTS)을 발병시킬수 있는가에 대하여 고찰하였다. 둘째, 미국등의 대학및 연구소에서 여러가지 작업조건들을 통제한 실험을 통하여 얻어진 이 증후군 의 발병율을 감소시키기 위한 여러가지 안전한 작업기준들을 검토하고 정부기관(NIOSH, OSHA)의 정책방향을 검토하였다. 세째, 미국의 연구소및 경영자문회사등에서 산업체를 대상으로 시행하고 종합적인 누적외상병(CTD)의 예방프로그램을 검토하였다. 마지막으로, 현재 우리나라의 손목관증 후군(CTS)을 중심으로한 누적외상병의 현실을 검토하고 앞으로의 예방을 위한 연구방향및 방법과 정책적 대응방안등에 대하여 연구검토하였다. 결론을 제시하고자 한다.기서 사용된 아이콘에 대해서만 타당한 것으로 이것을 모든 아이콘에 대해 일반화시키기는 어려우나 이후에 행해질 Icon-based User Interface 분야의 많은 연구들의 기초가 될 것이다. 더불어 아이콘과 관련된 많은 요인들(문화적 영향, 아이콘 색깔, 크기, 아이콘의 위치등이 인식에 미치는 영향)에 대해서도 연구가 행해져야 할 것이다. 확인하고 각각의 기능을 분명히 했다.가 수월하게 하였고 메모리를 동적으로 관리할 수 있게 하였다. 또한 기존의 smpl에 디버깅용 함수 및 설비(facility) 제어용 함수를 추가하여 시뮬레이션 프로그램 작성을 용이하게 하였다. 예를 들면 who_server(), who_queue(), pop_Q(), push_Q(), pop_server(), push_server(), we(), wf(), printfct() 같은 함수들이다. 또한 동시에 발생되는 사건들의 순서를 조종하기 위해, 동시에 발생할 수 있는 각각의 사건에 우선순위를 두어 이 우선 순위에 의하여 사건 리스트(event list)에서 자동적으로 사건들의 순서가 결정되도록 확장하였으며, 설비 제어방식에 있어서도 FIFO, LIFO, 우선 순위 방식등을 선택할 수 있도록 확장하였다. SIMPLE는 자료구조 및 프로그램이 공개되어 있으므로 프로그래머가 원하는 기능을 쉽게 추가할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 아울러 SMPLE에서 새로이 추가된 자료구조와 함수 및 설비제어 방식등을 활용하여 실제 중형급 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 구현과 시스템 분석의 예를 보인다._3$", chain segment, with the activation ener