• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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• pp.635-638
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• 1998

This paper proposes a simple method to measure system's performance in target tracking problems. Essentially employing the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on trakcing accuracy, an algorithm of predicting system's performance under various scenarios is developed. The input data is a collection of measurements over time fromsensors embedded in gaussian noise. The target of interest may not maneuver over the processing time interval while the own ship observing platform may maneuver in an arbitrary fashion. Th eproposed approach is demonstrated and discussed through simulation results.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.533-539
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• 2012

The performance analysis of wireless geolocation in a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment is a very important issue. Since Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) determines the physical impossibility of the variance of an unbiased estimator being less than the bound, many studies presented the performance analysis in terms of CRLB. Several CRLBs for time-of-arrival (TOA), pseudo-range TOA, angle-of-arrival (AOA), and signal strength (SS) based positioning methods have been derived for NLOS environment. However, the performance analysis of time difference of arrival (TDOA) and TDOA/SS based geolocation techniques in a NLOS environment is still an opening issue. This paper derives the CRLBs of TDOA and TDOA/SS based positioning methods for NLOS environment. In addition, theoretical analysis proves that the derived CRLB for TDOA is the same as that of pseudo-range TOA and the TDOA/SS scheme has a lower CRLB than the TDOA (or SS) scheme.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.819-824
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• 2017

본 논문은 distributed Multi-input Multi-output(MIMO) 레이다 시스템에서 다수의 송 수신기 조합으로부터 얻어진 Time of Arrival(ToA) 정보들을 이용하여 표적의 위치를 추정하는 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법은 테일러 선형 근사를 반복적으로 수행함으로써 임의의 초기 값으로부터 표적의 위치를 추정한다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안된 알고리즘이 기존 표적 위치 추정 기법들보다 더 향상된, 더 나아가 Cramer-Rao Lower Bound(CRLB)에 도달하는 평균제곱오차(MSE) 성능을 가지는 것을 보여준다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.426-434
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• 2015

In this paper we proposed a dada-aided Doppler estimation method for underwater acoustic communication. The training sequence is non-dedicate, hence it can be designed for Doppler estimation as well as channel equalization. We assume the channel has been equalized and consider only flat-fading channel. First, based on the training symbols the theoretical received sequence is composed. Next the least square principle is applied to build the objective function, which minimizes the error between the composed and the actual received signal. Then an iterative approach is applied to solve the least square problem. The proposed approach involves an outer loop and inner loop, which resolve the channel gain and Doppler coefficient, respectively. The theoretical performance bound, i.e. the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) of estimation is also derived. Computer simulations results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the CRLB in medium to high SNR cases.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.890-894
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• 2014

In this paper, we derive the CRLB (Cramer-Rao Lower Bound) of effective carrier-to-noise power ratio ($C/N_0$) estimation for a GPS (Global Positioning System) L1 C/A (Coarse/Acquisition) signal under band-limited white noise jamming environments. The quality of a received GPS signal is commonly described in terms of its $C/N_0$, implying that the noise is white and thus can be described by scalar noise density. However, if some intentional interference is received to a victim GPS receiver, then the $C/N_0$ is no longer the efficacious performance indicator. The correct and straightforward measurement to analyze the receiving situation is the effective $C/N_0$. In this paper, we consider a band-limited white noise jamming whose bandwidth is 2MHz and is the same as one of the first null-to-null bandwidth of the GPS L1 C/A signal.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.648-653
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• 2011

We propose a new frequency offset estimation technique for multiband orthogonal frequency modulation (MB-OFDM) based ultra wideband (UWB) systems. The proposed frequency offset estimation technique is related to the scheme of Schmidl for channel model 1 (4-1Om NLOS, rms. delay =14.3ns.) using more than two symbols and with alternate symbols. Variance of frequency offset estimate obtained from the proposed frequency offset estimation technique approaches very nearing to Cramer Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) in an AWGN channel. BER performance of the proposed technique is also presented.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2019

같은 단일 주파수를 갖고 위상만 다른, 즉 코히런트(coherent)한, 두 개의 신호가 비슷한 각도에서 동시에 입사하면 두 신호의 위상이 0도 혹은 180도 다를 경우 각도 추정에 큰 오차가 발생한다. 항공기용 레이다는 신호의 대역폭이 비교적 작으므로 지표면 혹은 해면 가까이 낮게 나는 표적의 경우에 직접파와 표면 반사파가 같은 거리 빈(range bin)에 위치하여서 이와 같은 현상이 일어날 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 항공기용 레이다에 있어서 단일 주파수를 사용하였을 경우, 저고도 표적의 다중경로 간섭에 의한 각도 추정의 크래머 라오 하한(Cramer-Rao lower bound: CRLB)를 보이고, 두 개의 주파수를 사용하였을 경우 CRLB가 낮아짐을 보였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권4C호
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• pp.424-429
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 페이딩 채널 환경에서 훈련 신호을 이용하는 자기 상관 함수 기반의 반송파 주파수 오차 추정기를 제안한다. 제안된 주파수 동기화 기법은 기존의 자기 상관 함수 기반의 추정기와 비교하였을 때 자기 상관 함수 계산 과정에서 보다 낮은 계산 복잡도를 가진다. 실험 결과를 통하여 제안된 반송파 주파수 오차 추정기가 기존의 방식보다 향상된 성능을 가지며, 제안된 추정기의 성능이 CRLB(Cramor-Rao lower bound)에 근접함을 보인다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제17권3E호
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• pp.22-26
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• 1998

This paper proposes a simple method to measure system's performance in target tracking problems. Essentially employing the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) on tracking accuracy, an algorithm of predicting system's performance under various scenarios is developed. The input data is a collection of measurements over tim from sensors embedded in Gaussian noise. The target of interest may not maneuver over the processing time interval while the own ship observing platform may maneuver in an arbitrary fashion. The proposed approach is demonstrated and discussed through simulation results.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.560-567
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• 2016

To solve the problem of parameter optimization in image sensor-based visible light positioning systems, theoretical limits for both the location and the azimuth angle of the image sensor receiver (ISR) are calculated. In the case of a typical indoor scenario, maximum likelihood estimations for both the location and the azimuth angle of the ISR are first deduced. The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is then derived, under the condition that the observation values of the image points are affected by white Gaussian noise. For typical parameters of LEDs and image sensors, simulation results show that accurate estimates for both the location and azimuth angle can be achieved, with positioning errors usually on the order of centimeters and azimuth angle errors being less than $1^{\circ}$. The estimation accuracy depends on the focal length of the lens and on the pixel size and frame rate of the ISR, as well as on the number of transmitters used.